Blockchain Papers

Irene Aldridge

No abstract is available for this record.

Zhirui Chen

This study uses JD.com as a case study to explore blockchain technology’s application in supply chain management. By leveraging distributed ledgers, consensus mechanisms, smart contracts, and cryptographic techniques, blockchain effectively tackles problems related to privacy protection, information traceability, and authenticity within traditional supply chains. This paper examines JD’s blockchain framework and its impact on various supply chain functions, revealing that blockchain technology has markedly improved procurement efficiency, reduced costs, enhanced customer trust and sales revenue, optimized logistics operations, and streamlined management processes. Through its JD Chain platform, JD.com has boosted operational performance and economic value and offered valuable insights for smaller enterprises. Given the technical and financial constraints faced by smaller firms, it is recommended that they engage in open source blockchain communities hosted by larger organizations to lower information acquisition costs and share resources. This paper provides practical advice for enterprises considering the integration of blockchain technology into their supply chain management.

Kuan‐Ching Li

Abstract Since the birth of Bitcoin, blockchain technology has been widely used in many fields, such as finance, supply chain management, smart contracts, etc.and has been highly valued for its decentralized and tamper-proof characteristics. With the expansion of application scenarios, blockchain faces inefficient data processing challenges, particularly in event sequencing and processing. Developing efficient event sequencing algorithms is a research priority to enhance the performance of blockchain systems. This study addresses the efficiency problem in blockchain event sequencing by introducing a high-dimensional multi-objective differential evolution strategy to improve blockchain technology’s performance in various fields. This paper uses the NSGA-III-WA algorithm to efficiently sort blockchain events by combining differential evolution strategies. Compared to the traditional sorting algorithm, this algorithm reduces latency by 30% and improves memory usage by about 20% when dealing with events of the same size, ensuring sorting accuracy. By optimizing the weight vector adjustment strategy, the convergence speed and distribution uniformity of the algorithm and the solution can be optimized. In this paper, the algorithm can effectively improve the efficiency and performance of blockchain event processing, which is critical in optimizing blockchain systems.

Tarik Chargui, Yassine Idel Mahjoub, Abdelghani Bekrar, Damien Trentesaux

No abstract is available for this record.

Patrick Dudczyk, Julie K. Dunston, Garth V. Crosby

Supply chain management depends on a complex, interconnected network of suppliers, manufacturers, transportation companies, distributors and customers with the goal of predicting, monitoring and controlling operations and processes. Globalization has introduced fierce competition, forcing supply chains to innovate and enhance their performance and capabilities. Centralized management systems are prone to attacks, disruptions and malfunctions. A potential solution to these known issues is the adoption of blockchain technology. The blockchain offers an immutable ledger that allows for a trustless, decentralized system without reliance on third parties. It can provide new features, improve performance, advance network visibility and strengthen the four flows of a supply chain. To survive and compete on the global stage, supply chains must adopt emergent technologies to develop new business strategies. In this paper, a comprehensive survey of academic literature and research works relating to blockchain platforms for global supply chain management is presented. This survey will provide an overview of blockchain technology for supply chain management, summarize industry applications, highlight persistent challenges, and identify research opportunities to enhance the current state of research in the past six years. The contribution of this survey is to also provide a list of available blockchain solutions for global supply chain management and to elaborate on future advancements in the field. New solutions will be proposed and explained.

Pushpa, Pooja Sharma, Amarpreet Kaur

No abstract is available for this record.

L. K. Bang, P. H. T. Trung, T. B. Nam, T. D. Khoa · 8 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Sameeksha Prasad, Namita Tiwari, Meenu Chawla, Deepak Singh Tomar

No abstract is available for this record.

Mingzhu Yu, Xinni Tan, Jihong Chen

No abstract is available for this record.

Reza Lotfi, Reza Hazrati, Sina Aghakhani, Mohamad Afshar · 6 authors

The research proposes a new method for Viable Supply Chain Network Design (VSCND) that incorporates Open Innovation (OI) and Blockchain Technology (BCT). A robust stochastic optimization and Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) in the cost function is utilized to develop the model. This model's objective function incorporates the expected value, maximum cost, and CVaR cost. The OI and BCT platforms are suggested for an antifragile policy against disruption. In addition, CO 2 emissions and energy consumption are proposed as sustainability requirements. Eventually, minimum demand satisfaction and resilience facilities by incorporating capacity based on specific scenarios are added to the model for an agile strategy. This research entails several parties, including vendors supplying the primary components and manufacturers creating products based on customer preferences. OI and BCT platforms aim to receive demand based on customer specifications and facilitate rapid transactions between components. Risk-averse decision-makers utilize a polyhedral Data-Driven Robust Optimization (DDRO) approach to manage uncertainty and flexible sets. Incorporating OI and BCT as antifragility instruments resulted in a 0.2% cost reduction for VSCNDOIBCT compared to when OI and BCT were not considered. This research suggests that integrating OI and BCT positively affects SC performance overall. The decreasing rate, DDRO coefficient, agility rate, demand variation, and problem size were subjected to a sensitivity analysis.

Mélissa Fortin, Erica Pimentel, Emilio Boulianne

Purpose This study explores how introducing a permissioned blockchain in a supply chain context impacts accountability relationships and the process of rendering an account. The authors explore how implementing a digital transformation impacts the governance of network transactions. Design/methodology/approach The authors mobilize 28 interviews and documentary analysis. The authors focus on early blockchain adopters to get an insight into how implementing a permissioned blockchain can transform information sharing, coordination and collaboration between business partners, now converted into network participants. Findings The authors suggest that implementing a permissioned blockchain impacts accountability across three levers, namely through the ledger, through the code and through the people, where these levers are interconnected. Blockchains are often valued for their ability to enable transparency through the visibility of transactions, but the authors argue that this is an incomplete view. Rather, transparency alone does not help to satisfy a duty of accountability, as it can result in selective disclosure or obfuscation. Originality/value The authors extend the conceptualizations of accountability in the blockchain literature by focusing on how accountability relationships are enacted, and accounts are rendered in a permissioned blockchain context. Additionally, the authors complement existing work on accountability and governance by suggesting an integrated model across three dimensions: ledger, code and people.

Lahlou Imane, Motaki Noureddine, Driss Sarsri, L’YARFI Hanane

In the face of numerous challenges in supply chain management, new technologies are being implemented to overcome obstacles and improve overall performance. Among these technologies, blockchain, a part of the distributed ledger family, offers several advantages when integrated with ERP systems, such as transparency, traceability, and data security. However, blockchain remains a novel, complex, and costly technology. The purpose of this paper is to guide decision-makers in determining whether integrating blockchain technology with ERP systems is appropriate during the pre-implementation phase. This paper focuses on the literature reviews, theories, and expert opinions to achieve its objectives. It first provides an overview of blockchain technology, then discusses its potential benefits to the supply chain, and finally proposes a framework to assist decision-makers in determining whether blockchain meets the needs of their consortium and whether this integration aligns with available resources. The results highlight the complexity of blockchain, the importance of detailed and in-depth research in deciding whether to integrate blockchain technology into ERP systems, and future research prospects. The findings of this article also present the critical decisions to be made prior to the implementation of blockchain, in the event that decision-makers choose to proceed with blockchain integration. The findings of this article augment the existing literature and can be applied in real-world contexts by stakeholders involved in blockchain integration projects with ERP systems.

Fei Wu, Thomas Thiery, Stefanos Leonardos, Carmine Ventre

The Ethereum block-building process has changed significantly since the emergence of Proposer-Builder Separation. Validators access blocks through a marketplace, where block builders bid for the right to construct the block and earn MEV (Maximal Extractable Value) rewards in an on-chain competition, known as the MEV-boost auction. While more than 90% of blocks are currently built via MEV-Boost, trade-offs between builders' strategic behaviors and auction design remain poorly understood. In this paper we address this gap. We introduce a game-theoretic model for MEV-Boost auctions and use simulations to study different builders' bidding strategies observed in practice. We study various strategic interactions and auction setups and evaluate how the interplay between critical elements such as access to MEV opportunities and improved connectivity to relays impact bidding performance. Our results demonstrate the importance of latency on the effectiveness of builders' strategies and the overall auction outcome from the proposer's perspective.

Rohit Raj, Vimal Kumar, Priyanka Verma, Suriya Klangrit

Purpose Though academic study on the subject is still in its early stages, there is growing interest in using blockchain technology for transforming the supply chain. The academic literature is divided and yet only includes studies evaluating how the supply chain has changed organizations. To comprehend the new phenomena, this study aims to investigate the factors of blockchain technology in driving supply chain transformation. To be more precise, the authors developed from the literature the most prevalent criteria for determining if supply chain transformations are ready to be scaled up. Design/methodology/approach This study followed a combination of two multi-criteria decision making methods evaluation based on distance from average solution and complex proportional assessment) methodology in this research: planning, investigating, executing out, establishing a rating of the criteria and evaluating it. Findings The study shows that the “organizational driver” and the “technology driver” are the factors most important to the transformation of the supply chain, whereas the “financial driver” and the “regulatory driver” are less important. This study also makes some managerial recommendations to address the factors impeding the supply chain’s transformation. Each factor’s significance was explored, and a proposed study agenda was also presented. Research limitations/implications Although the main forces behind the transformation of the supply chain have been recognized, further research into statistical correlation is required to confirm how the various elements interact. Practical implications This research aids decision-makers in comprehending the key forces behind supply chain transformation. Managers and decision-makers might better predict and allocate the necessary resources to start the road toward digitization and make well-informed choices once these aspects have been investigated and understood. Originality/value In light of the pandemic’s effects on the world and the increase in businesses embracing the digital economy, the supply chain transformation is more important than ever. Beyond blockchain deployment and the pilot studies on digital transformation, there is a gap. The topics and factors this study uncovered will operate as a framework and recommendations for more theoretical investigation and practical applications.

Nikunja Mohan Modak, Tapan Senapati, Vladimir Šimić, Dragan Pamučar · 6 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Yuyan Wang, Qiuchen Wu, T.C.E. Cheng, Yulin Sun

No abstract is available for this record.

Yun Liu, Deqing Ma, Jinsong Hu

No abstract is available for this record.

Xiang Cheng Chu, Rui Wang, Long Ren, Yantong Li · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Folasade Aliu, Moyinoluwa Bode

A decentralised distributed ledger system called Blockchain Technology (BCT) enables safe, open, and impenetrable transactions without the need for a central authority. The technology was initially created for the Bitcoin cryptocurrency, but it has subsequently been applied to other areas such as voting procedures, supply chain management, and digital identity management. The technology is increasingly becoming accepted in the academic setting for a variety of purposes, including the creation and storage of academic records. There are numerous platforms accessible for this usage, though. When numerous decision-makers are engaged in the selection process, picking an appropriate platform can be a contentious affair. For decision makers, selecting among a wide range of acceptable options might be difficult. It is possible to overcome these difficulties by using Multi-criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques. When there are numerous elements to take into account, one technique for making judgments is MCDM. The process entails assessing multiple options according to pre-established standards in order to identify the optimal selection. In essence, when there are several variables to consider, MCDM assists in selecting the option. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is one of the various MCDMs which this paper uses to choose the best BCT platform for academic records based on three choices (IBM, Ethereum, and Hyperledger Fabric) and five factors (cost, degree of acceptance, simplicity of use, data security, and level of customization). The analysis's findings indicate that data security is the most crucial factor, with a weight of 0.645, and that IBM is the best BCT platform, with a value of 0.448. By comparing the FAHP results to those of AHP, IBM's suitability as a platform was confirmed.

Xiaoxi Zhu, Zhenfei Qi, Raymond Chiong, Peilin Zhang · 5 authors

The flattening of sales channels makes it easy for an upstream core parts supplier in an assembly supply chain to invade the downstream market. This also introduces several challenges for the efficient performance and management of the supply chain system. Whereas restrictive factors such as supplier confidentiality agreements have limited the product encroachment by the suppliers, the adoption of blockchain technology for improving information diaphaneity and efficiency of the supply chain can potentially encourage market intrusion by the suppliers. Therefore, whether blockchain technology can be successfully accepted and implemented by both the suppliers and incumbent manufacturers, and how this can be achieved, are issues that need urgent attention in the case of supply chain systems. In this paper, we establish a two-stage assembly supply chain consisting of an incumbent manufacturer and a core component supplier that invades the downstream market with imitation products, in order to analyze the impact of supplier encroachment and the application of blockchain technology on the assembly system. The results show that it is more beneficial to play the dual role of core supplier and product manufacturer than to only be a core supplier. Similarly, when the cost of implementing blockchain technology is lower than a specific threshold, the implementation of blockchain is always beneficial for the encroaching supplier, whereas the manufacturer does not always benefit. The blockchain not only improves the selling price of the core component produced by the supplier, but also improves the quality of the core component and increases the total market demand. Finally, in view of the potential benefits and conflicts that may arise from the implementation of the blockchain, we design corresponding ex-ante, ex-post and hybrid coordination mechanisms to achieve a win-win situation in this competitive system. Our modeling work and results provide useful managerial insights regarding the encroachment by core component suppliers and the implementation of blockchain technology in assembly supply chains.

Umesh Kumar Sahu, Amit Jain, Rahul Chaurasia, Kamal Kant Hiran

In the modern era, pharmaceutical supply chains evolving into intricate and automated networks that hold significant potential for several benefits to its stakeholders. However, one of the main challenges lies in maintaining data origin traceability throughout this complex supply chain network. Conventional supply networks typically rely on centralized third-party intermediaries, which can cause transparency, accountability, and auditability issues. To address these challenges, some businesses are leveraging blockchain technology and smart contracts, implementing them on the Ethereum blockchain. While blockchain can provide immutability for data and records within the network, it does not entirely resolve issues related to the credibility of involved entities, the accountability of the trading process, and the complete traceability of items in the supply chain. The healthcare industry often grapples with issues concerning data privacy, transparency, and authenticity of the information. This paper delves into a solution for enhancing the tracking of healthcare products by utilizing the Ethereum blockchain alongside smart contracts and decentralized off-chain storage. The implementation of a smart contract serves to ensure the origin of data, eliminates intermediary parties, and furnishes all involved parties with a dependable and immutable record of every transaction.

Chung-Chi Hsieh, Artya Lathifah

No abstract is available for this record.

Keru Duan, Gu Pang, Yong Lin

This study comprises a systematic literature review that offers a thorough analysis of the present state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the adoption and application of blockchain technology within the context of supply chain management. Based on an extensive review of 133 articles from highly-regarded journals, we developed a framework where we highlight the integration of the transition from blockchain technology adoption to its application. This transition process is explained by two theories: the Technology Acceptance Model and the Diffusion of Innovation Theory. In the adoption phase, we identified nine internal drivers and seven external drivers, together with comprehensive barriers. Our framework also integrates and examines the blockchain technology application stage, focusing not only the current development of benefits of blockchain technology implementation but also the challenges that impede the successful implementation of blockchain technology in supply chain management. The future development prospects are also highlighted which include standardization, platform development, regulation system development, cost reduction, and talent cultivation. These future developments were critical yet were missing in the current academic literature. By providing an in-depth analysis of these challenges, our study can assist supply chain practitioners in making informed decisions about blockchain-enabled supply chain management initiatives.

Hengky Latan, Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour, Joseph Sarkis, Charbel José Chiappetta Jabbour · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.