Krzysztof Gogol, Johnnatan Messias, Deborah Miori, Claudio J. Tessone · 5 authors
This study quantifies the potential non-atomic MEV on Layer-2 (L2) blockchains by measuring the arbitrage opportunities between cross-rollup and DEX-CEX. Over recent years, we observe a shift in trading activities from Ethereum to rollups, with swaps on rollups occurring 2-3 times more frequently, albeit with lower trade volumes. By analyzing the costs of swap on L2s and price discrepancies cross-rollup and DEX-CEX, we identify more than 500 000 unexplored arbitrage opportunities. In particular, we find that these opportunities persist, on average, for 10 to 20 blocks, necessitating the modification of the Loss Versus Rebalancing (LVR) metric to prevent double-counting. Our findings indicate that the arbitrage opportunities in Arbitrum, Base, and Optimism range between 0.03% and 0.05% of the trading volume, while in the ZKsync it fluctuates around 0.25%.
Krzysztof Gogol, Johnnatan Messias, Maria Inês Silva, Benjamin Livshits
Late 2023 witnessed significant user activity on EVM chains, resulting in a surge in transaction activity and putting many rollups into the first live test. While some rollups performed well, some others experienced downtime during this period, affecting transaction finality time and gas fees. To address the lack of empirical research on rollups, we perform the first study during a heightened activity during the late 2023 transaction boom, as attributed to inscriptions - a novel technique that enables NFT and ERC-20 token creation on Bitcoin and other blockchains. We observe that minting inscription-based meme tokens on zkSync Era allows for trading at a fraction of the costs, compared to the Bitcoin or Ethereum networks. We also found that the increased transaction activity, over 99% attributed to the minting of new inscription tokens, positively affected other users of zkSync Era, resulting in lowered gas fees. Unlike L1 blockchains, ZK rollups may experience lower gas fees with increased transaction volume. Lastly, the introduction of blobs - a form of temporary data storage - decreased the gas costs of Ethereum rollups, but also raised a number of questions about the security of inscription-based tokens.
The International Journal of Computer Engineering in Research Trends (IJCERT) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes high-quality research papers, reviews, short communications, and notes in the field of computer science engineering and its research trends. The journal covers a wide range of topics in computer science and engineering, including: Welcome to the International Journal of Computer Engineering in Research Trends (IJCERT), is a peer-reviewed, open access journal dedicated to publishing innovative research papers, reviews, short communications, and notes in the field of computer science engineering and related disciplines. IJCERT encourages conceptual, state-of-the-art, research, standard, implementation, experimental, application, and industrial case study discussions in various areas, including: computer architecture, computer networks, software engineering, information security, artificial intelligence, machine learning, data science, robotics, cyber-physical systems, the internet of things, and other areas of computer science engineering and Its Applications.
Jan 1, 2022·Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Economy, Data Modeling and Cloud Computing, ICIDC 2022, 17-19 June 2022, Qingdao, China
Consensus algorithms are getting more and more attention. It can help the majority of nodes in the blockchain to agree on the determination of new blocks. Proof-of-Work is a relatively mature consensus algorithm, which plays an important role in improving the security of Bitcoin. In addition, Proof-
This paper will review the key elements required for effective decentralized implementation of rural roads programs. It will review the range of options available and the evidence for successful implementation where it exists. Section 2 makes the case for the importance of rural roads and sets out the evidence for the socio-economic benefits. Section 3 addresses the responsibilities for implementation and critical importance of having clarity over network ownership. Section 4 highlights the difficulties of finance, particularly for longer term maintenance, and sets out options for improving allocations and the reliability of receipt for those allocations. Section 5 sets out the project cycle from planning, design, implementation, maintenance and subsequent evaluation. Section 6 summarizes the key issues and highlights the main policy considerations.
This paper covers network investment problems under decentralized control of regulation, infrastructure ownership and management. The model features two countries managing domestic infrastructures, used simultaneously for downstream international service provision. Initially, the welfare losses from non-cooperative investment financing policy and access pricing are derived. The impact of strategic interaction between the countries' access prices on the choice of financing policy is investigated. Under strict budget balancing, there are no incentives for efficiency improving investments. Further, investment coordination is shown useless in the absence of regulatory coordination. Illustrations from European network regulation policy for energy and rail are presented.
Edward W. Hill, Billie K. Geyer, Claudette Robey, John F. Brennan · 5 authors
This paper investigates the transportation expenditure geographic pattern in Ohio from 1980 to 1988. It focuses on the location and spatial patterns of state transportation spending and finance. It then compares these variables with transportation need and demand indicators. The aim of the report is to ascertain whether or not the state's transportation money is being spent appropriately to meet the many challengers occurring today in metropolitan areas. Some of these challenges include traffic congestion, aging infrastructure, and decentralizing economic development.