The integration of real-time capacity optimization suites within legacy civil aviation computing ecosystems is highly bottlenecked by the severe structural heterogeneity of distribution data infrastructures. Telemetry and transactional feeds remain highly siloed across disparate legacy Global Distribution System (GDS) alphabetic fields, Low-Cost Carrier (LCC) direct APIs, and non-public multi-alliance loyalty program ledger inventories. This paper presents a sovereign computational architecture engineered to achieve distributed eventual consistency across these fragmented environments. The system introduces an automated Heterogeneous Data Fusion (H-Pipeline) layer that aggregates high-frequency multi-source distribution data streams into a unified, encrypted semantic vector space through specialized vector dimension coalescing protocols operating under strict TLS 1.3 mutual authentication frameworks. To intelligently parse and navigate these multi-source streams, the architecture deploys an asynchronous, cloud-native Large Language Model (LLM) orchestration middleware running entirely within serverless stateless edge containers (AWS Wavelength/Cloudflare Workers meshes). The cloud-native LLM layer is established as an asynchronous predictive semantic router, dynamically identifying macroeconomic anomalies, unexpected capacity imbalances, and transient route volatility without introducing synchronized write-back overhead or data persistence bottlenecks to critical On-Line Transaction Processing (OLTP) reservation threads. Simulation-based performance evaluation utilizing industry-standard benchmark datasets confirms single-digit millisecond failover recovery bounds, a strict 12 ms cross-border fiber pathway propagation convergence limit, and total mitigation of cross-region distributed semantic drift, establishing a robust computational foundation for next-generation asynchronous AI airline operations.
Ioannis Nikolaou, ÎΔÏÎœÎŻÎŽÎ±Ï ÎΜΞÏÏÎżÏ Î»ÎżÏ
The emergence of Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) in the past decade has challenged our imagination to discover new, innovative and disruptive solutions to problems in domains ranging from finance and healthcare to supply chain and Smart Cities. However, the enormous energy consumption that has been observed in some of the most successful DLT applications raises the question of their long term sustainability. This article reviews the standardization efforts of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) to provide guidelines to regulators and policy makers for making informed decisions on the applicability and sustainability of DLT architectures from the point of view of energy consumption.
Pol Gonzålez, Adam Zahir, Chiara Grasselli, Alejandro Muñiz · 10 authors
A ML function orchestrator deploying secure ML pipelines to support near-real-time control of network services is demonstrated. A distributed ledger supports the initial key exchange to establish secure connectivity among the agents in the pipeline.
Lina AlâSahan, Noureddine Lasla, Mohamed Abdallah, Bo Wang
Abstract The licensed band is crowded and suffers from immense mobile data traffic growth, which exceeded 58 exabytes per month in 5 years. Meanwhile, a significant portion of the unlicensed band is underutilized and not coordinated efficiently. Experiments in some urban areas of the world have shown that only 5% of the unlicensed 5 GHz band is being used. 5G NRâU technology supports 5G networks in the unlicensed band to alleviate the traffic congestion and boosts 5G networks capacity. Different heterogeneous network access technologies already use the unlicensed band. Consequently, 5G NRâU networks will operate in the proximity of the other coexisting networks, such as WiFi networks in the 5 GHz and 6 GHz bands. In such environments, assessing the shared spectrum becomes challenging and necessitates adequate protocols to identify idle slots for successful transmissions. Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (CSS) improves the spectrum assessment process, as the decision about the spectrum state is rendered based on the local decisions of multiple sensing nodes. CSS is exploited by integrating it with Blockchain technology to design a decentralized cooperative spectrum management system called: BlockchainâBased Cooperative Spectrum Management (BCSM). The system is attributed to ameliorating 5G NRâU awareness about the neighboring WiFi networks traffic in the unlicensed band. An algorithm is designed for performing distributed cooperative spectrum assessment between the 5G NRâU base stations to profile the WiFi networks traffic in their proximity. To ensure fairness based on the effort expended in assessing the spectrum, a priorityâbased algorithm is designed for spectrum access scheduling. A proofâofâconcept is implemented using private Ethereum Blockchain and NS3 simulator. Finally, the system's accuracy is evaluated empirically along with theoretical security analysis.
The ever-increasing demand for high communication data rate and high-quality multi-media services; over past few decades, has ignited new avenues in radio architectures. Frequency reconfigurable (or frequency agile) communication systems are among the key architectures for efficient and cost-effective utilization of the allotted frequency spectrum. The emerging concept of on-orbit flexible payload (or programmable payload) in satellite communication is another encouraging development on the horizon. In-addition, tunability in filters used for remote radio unit (RRU) is highly preferred by network operators owing to the high cost of installing RRU both in low density remotely accessed locations and in high density expensive urban locations. Such frequency reconfigurable radio architectures typically demand reconfigurability (tunability) of components within the physical layer as well. Hence, tunable filters play a vital role in realization of frequency reconfigurable communication systems. \n \nIn general, any fixed frequency filter can be transformed into a tunable filter by introducing tuning elements dedicated to tuning the resonators and the coupling structures. Thus, a tunable filter of order N would require 2N+1 tuning elements to maintain a constant absolute bandwidth (BW) over the tuning range. This use of large number of tuning elements not only increases size and cost, but also adds to the complexity of the tuning control mechanism, particularly when configured in a closed loop system. Over the past decade, a significant research has been carried out to reduce the number of tuning elements by roughly 50% (i.e. with only N tuning elements). The coupling structures are suitably designed to maintain their performance over the tuning range, eliminating N+1, while only N tuning elements are used for tuning the N resonators. The goal here is to further reduce the number of tuning elements to a âsingle tuning elementâ. \n \nThe thesis presents several novel configurations for a high-Q tunable band pass filter employing a single tuning element, while maintaining a constant BW, return loss performance and location of the transmission zeros over a wide tuning range. Advanced filter synthesis techniques for both tunable filter and fixed filters are also proposed. \n \nA tunable double-septa waveguide (WG) filter is presented employing a single tuning element. The theory of coupling behavior of single septum and double septa to achieve constant absolute BW is explored. The tuning mechanism of the proposed filter is explained with measurement results presented for a Ku-band tunable WG filter designed at 15 GHz with a 2% fractional BW to achieve 15% tuning range. BW variation is observed to be within ±5% while the center frequency is tuned from 14.65 to 17.15 GHz. The filter promises to be useful in emerging 5G millimeter-wave applications, where the filter size is very small to accommodate multiple mechanical tuning elements. Furthermore, the proposed design methodology is scalable, i.e., the tuning mechanism is independent of the filter order. \n \nA frequency reconfigurable dual-mode WG filter having an elliptic response is presented. The proposed filter maintains a constant absolute BW and a constant rejection BW (i.e. constant frequency spacing between transmission zeros) over the tuning range. Furthermore, the filter can be tuned using a single tuning mechanism. A 4th order prototype filter at 11.5 GHz with 50 MHz bandwidth and 2 symmetric transmission zeros (± 45 MHz) is fabricated and measured. \n \nA novel configuration of a BW reconfigurable WG filter that uses only two tuning elements irrespective of the filter order is proposed. The proposed filter configuration demonstrates that it can achieve a relatively wide BW variations without deviating the center frequency. A 4 pole prototype filter is designed, fabricated and tested at Ku-band. The measured BW tunability of the filter is nearly 35 % from 225 to 320 MHz at 13.375 GHz. To the authorâs knowledge, this is the only BW reconfigurable filter that can be tuned with only two tuning elements regardless of the filter order. \n \nThe thesis also demonstrates the feasibility of realizing a high-Q lambda/2 resonator based tunable coaxial filter, which is tuned by a single rotational tuning element irrespective of the filter order. The proposed filter has low variations in the absolute BW and insertion loss (IL) over a relatively wide tuning range. A prototype four-pole filter is developed at 2.5 GHz with a fractional BW of 4% to verify the concept. The measured tuning range of the filter is 20%, within which the BW variation is better than ±10% and IL variation is better than 0.05 dB. The proposed concept is easily expandable to filters with higher order. Furthermore, the concept is adopted to design a tunable diplexer using only a single tuning mechanism while maintaining the frequency performance of each channel and the frequency spacing between the two channels over the tuning range. The proposed high-Q tunable filter is promising for use in the frequency-agile communication architecture at the cellular base-station and aerospace applications. \n \nA novel configuration of a High-Q coaxial tunable filter which employs a single rotational mechanism to tune the filter, while using fixed lambda/4 resonators is also presented. The rotational tuning concept is different from that proposed for the tunable coaxial lambda/2 resonators. A prototype filter is designed for the proof of concept, which has a tuning range of 11.6% from 685 MHz to 770 MHz, over which bandwidth variation is within 10.5±0.7 MHz.. In-addition, the proposed design methodology can be scaled to realize higher order filters. The proposed filter promises to be useful in a wide range of telecommunication applications including flexible payload in aerospace applications.
The sheer growth of electricity demand and the rising number of electricity-hungry devices have highlighted and elevated the need of addressing the demand response management problem in residential smart grid systems. In this article, a novel contract-theoretic demand response management (DRM) framework in residential smart grid systems is introduced based on the principles of labor economics. The residential households produce and consume electricity, acting as dynamic prosumers. Initially, the prosumers' personal electricity generation and consumption characteristics are captured by introducing the concept of prosumers' types. Then, the prosumers' and the electricity market's profit is depicted in representative utility functions. Based on the labor economics principles, Contract Theory is adopted to design the interactions among the electricity market, which offers personalized rewards to the prosumers in order to buy electricity at an announced price, and the prosumers, who offer their âeffortâ by paying for the purchased electricity. The contract-theoretic DRM problem is formulated as a maximization problem of the electricity market's utility, while jointly guaranteeing the optimal satisfaction of the prosumers, under the scenarios of complete and incomplete information from the electricity market's perspective regarding knowing or not the prosumers' types, respectively. The corresponding optimization problems are solved following a convex optimization approach and the optimal contracts, i.e., rewards and efforts, are determined. Detailed numerical results obtained via modeling and simulation, highlight the key operation features and superiority of the proposed framework.