Victor Michelle, Natalie Michelle, Emilie Michelle, Elias Michelle
Abstract:Intellectual Property (IP) represents the largest class of assets in the global economy ($65–100 trillion) yet remains structurally absent from corporate balance sheets under GAAP and IFRS (IAS 38). Consequently, the market capitalisation of technology companies is artificially split only into Tangible Assets (TA) and a Speculative Premium (MP), with the real value of IP hidden inside MP. This technical specification outlines Version 1.0 of the IP Coin methodology, delivering a market-based spot utility token framework designed to materialize the hidden value of intellectual property into a liquid, visible asset layer (IP_visible). By purchasing IP Coin, investors directly capitalise the previously invisible IP of a public company. The platform displays three layers – TA, MP, and IP_visible – and automatically transfers purchase value from MP to IP_visible based on the strict capital conservation rule: MC = TA + IP_visible + MP. The Intangible Dominance Ratio (IDR = IP_visible / MC) updates automatically after every trade as a derived performance metric, rather than a price-setting oracle. This methodology creates the first market-based solution for IP tokenisation without altering accounting standards. Keywords: Fintech, Tokenization, Financial Engineering, Intangible Assets, AI Valuation, Copyright, Capital Markets, Web3 Architecture, Market Decomposition.
Abstract The current academic landscape is often shaped by political and financial influences, restricting access to education and compromising research independence. To address these challenges, we introduce “FreeUniversity.dao”, a university model grounded in the principles of a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO). FreeUniversity.dao emphasizes academic freedom, openness, and equitable access to education, leveraging blockchain and DeFi technologies to establish a transparent and sustainable framework for global learning and research. It envisions a politically neutral and corruption-free governance model that prioritizes transparency, fairness, and accessibility. Decision-making processes are designed to be participatory, democratic, rewarding merits and contributions, and involving the community in all major decisions, including rule changes and further developments. For traditional university institutions FreeUniversity.dao offers a migration path to DAO-based structures. While this paper does not present a fully realized DAO design, it outlines the core concepts, coordination challenges, and foundational elements required to build such a system. It aims to be a starting point for further exploration and discussion about the future of academic governance. An example workflow illustrates how the DAO could work in practice and motivates how current processes can be improved to reduce interventions that could jeopardize the integrity of scientific research.
[ES]En la actualidad estamos viviendo una época de cambios sustanciales derivados de la disrupción creada por las nuevas tecnologías. Muestra de esta situación la encontramos en la importancia creciente, especialmente en términos económicos, de lo que se ha denominado como “activos digitales”. Este artículo pretende ofrecer una visión realista de la situación actual desde el punto de vista tanto contable como de calificación jurídica de estos activos, con una especial referencia a los tokens no fungibles (NFTs), con la pretensión de incentivar el necesario debate sobre la pertinencia de que estas nuevas realidades se contemplen desde un enfoque pluridisciplinar.[EN]We are currently living in an era of substantial changes derived from the disruption created by new technologies. An example of this situation can be found in the growing importance, especially in economic terms, of the knows as “digital assets”. This article aims to offer a realistic view of the current situation from the point of view of both accounting and the legal classification of these assets, with special reference to non-fungible tokens (NFTs), with the purpose of encouraging the necessary debate on the relevance of considering these new realities from a multidisciplinary approach.
Under the fiscal decentralization system, China has implemented a central and provincial management system. Colleges and universities are divided into central and local colleges and universities. At present, local higher education is facing the dilemma of insufficient investment. The reasons are mainly reflected in three aspects: first, the inherent defects of China's fiscal decentralization system restrict the attention of local governments to the higher education needs of local residents; Second, the speed of local economic development can not keep up with the rapid development of the scale of local higher education, resulting in the lack of financial resources for local governments to invest in higher education;, The third is the game of local governments in the direction of financial investment under the fiscal decentralization system, which leads to the reluctance of local governments to invest funds in the field of higher education. We believe that in order to alleviate the plight of insufficient investment in local higher education, we should promote the decentralization reform of higher education investment system; The local government should establish a scientific view of political achievements, improve the understanding of the importance of higher education, and speed up the financial allocation to local colleges and universities; Mobilize non-public resources to invest in local higher education and broaden the financing channels of local colleges and universities.
Regional form of Organization of the health care that are called today DyPE, have as a main \ngoal to promote more rational resource allocation through decentralization in the decision \nmaking process. The concern for more effective and efficient use of resources devoted into \nthe health care sector renders hospitals a critical vehicle of the quest for superior economic \nperformance, especially if we take into our consideration their mounting over time deficits. \nEconomic performance is primarily traced through a set of specific financial ratios, which \nembrace important elements that constitute the substance of the financial well-being of \nhospitals as economic units. An array of financial ratios is critically reviewed and a \ncombination of them is proposed as a means of effective financial management. The later is \nnecessary to ameliorate the funding strain imposed on the health care system and especially \non hospitals. The financial performance is determined by the return on capital (profitability) \nin connection with the risk involved. Both factors determine the value created, which in turn \naffects the amount of financing attracted in the sector. The financial information available \nto the supervising regional bodies (DyPE), don’t considered sufficient for their management \nto assess financial management of hospitals effectively. The lack of the appropriate economic \ndata is due to the fact that double entry accounting has not yet fully adopted by the economic \nunits that report to the corresponding DyPE. So, double entry accounting is prerequisite for \nreporting and monitoring acceptable financial performance. The later is vital in securing \nthat the financial needs of the health sector that are growing at an ever accelerating pace, \nare met.