This paper presents a Web3-based healthcare system integrated with the Republic of Korea's MyHealthWay platform for secure and user-controlled management of personal health data. The system combines decentralized identifiers, smart contracts, distributed storage, and the HL7 FHIR standard to support decentralized authentication, access control, and interoperability. A conceptual demonstrator, HealthCube, validates feasibility by enabling privacy-preserving health data processing through computation on encrypted data without exposing original information.
AbstractโThe paradigm of digital identity is rapidly shifting from centralized monopolistic control toward decentralized user- centric frameworks to meet the demands of Web3, immer- sive computing and trustless interactions. Traditional identity systems expose users to privacy breaches, vendor lock-in and cross-platform incompatibilities, creating barriers for seamless adoption. To overcome these challenges DIGICRED introduces a decentralized identity and credential system built on Self- Sovereign Identity (SSI) principles leveraging Decentralized Iden- tifiers (DIDs) and blockchain-based cryptographic proofs as the foundation for trust. A verifiable credential layer enables selective disclosure of tamper-proof claims ranging from aca- demic certifications to government-issued IDs preserving privacy while ensuring interoperability. Complementing this a multi- dimensional reputation system fosters trust in anonymous en- vironments, mitigates Sybil attacks and incentivizes meaningful participation across decentralized applications. By integrating privacy-preserving technologies, compliance-aware architectures and scalable trust mechanisms DIGICRED redefines identity management for Web3. This shift marks the emergence of secure portable and user-controlled digital identities laying the groundwork for the future of decentralized applications and cross-platform digital ecosystems. Index TermsโSelf-Sovereign Identity (SSI), Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs), Verifiable Credentials (VCs), Blockchain, Web3, Digital Identity, Privacy Preservation, Reputation Systems, Trust Management, Cross-Platform Interoperability. .
The existing methods do not effectively meet the security and performance demands for Internet of Vehicles (IoV) applications. They also do not provide low-latency, secure edge-computing solutions for end-users in vehicular environments. The study presented in this paper proposes a blockchain-based edge computing framework that utilises Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN) for reinforcement learning and lightweight Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) consensus for simultaneously optimising latency, energy consumption, and security. For efficient microservice orchestration and task off-loading, the containerised architecture utilises Kubernetes with Hyperledger Fabric. The experiments conducted in urban, suburban, and highway scenarios confirmed that the proposed framework outperformed baseline algorithms with end-to-end latency reduction of 30โ45% while also lowering energy consumption by up to 55% under moderate-to-heavy loads. With less than 1.2 seconds per block on the blockchain consensus, the system also maintained task completion rates exceeding 95% during peak conditions. The framework demonstrates consistent performance across various vehicular densities and consumes zero-knowledge proofs with attribute-based encryption for data against cybersecurity threats. These results confirm that the integration of DDQN and blockchain technology effectively tackles primary obstacles IoV faces by providing secure edge computing for next generation vehicular networks.
This paper discusses the application of blockchain technology in document management for the library. With the characteristics of encryption algorithm, distributed ledger, distributed architecture and traceability, this technology is of great significance in enhancing the security of document resources, optimizing the copyright protection, improving the efficiency of resource sharing and collaboration, and optimizing the experience of reader services. Its application covers the joint collection and edit system of document resources based on blockchain, decentralized storage and distribution platform, knowledge graph co-construction and sharing, and evaluation and contribution incentive mechanism participated by readers, so as to promote more efficient and intelligent library services.
The insurance claim process is quite cumbersome; it is time-consuming, with high personnel costs from manual review. It may even take several months to complete the entire process. Therefore, how implementing insurance claim settlement automation to reduce costs, improve efficiency, reduce claim processing time, and increase client satisfaction is a common issue the insurance industry must face. This study explores the application of smart contracts in the casualty insurance settlement process to achieve the effect of automatic claim settlement and double protection for special accidents. When the insurance industry conducts insurance claim reviews through the characteristics of blockchain and smart contracts, such as openness and transparency, anonymity, and automation, the review process can be curtailed, and the premium can be directly transferred to the bank account of the insured. Thus, the purpose of automating casualty insurance claims is achieved through smart contracts.
The process of rendering authenticity to the Degree Certificate (DC) is known as Degree Attestation (DA). None of the prevailing works have focused on zero trust-based DA, verification, and traceability for secured DA. So, zero trust-based secured DA, verification, and traceability of degree credentials are presented in the paper. Primarily, to upload the DC of the student, the university registers and logs in to the Blockchain (BC). Subsequently, by utilizing radioactive decay-based elliptic curve cryptography (RD-ECC), the DC is secured. Next, by utilizing Glorot initialization-based Proof-of-Stake (GPoS), the data is stored in the BC. Further, to verify the traceability of the data, a Smart Contract (SC) is created. In the meantime, the student registers and logs in to the BC and gives attestation requests to the university. By utilizing rail fence cipher (RFC) RD-ECC hash-based message authentication code (RFCR-HMAC), the university authenticates the request. By utilizing a quadratic probing-based digital signature algorithm (QP-DSA), the university attests the DC after authentication. Lastly, by utilizing RD-ECC, the attested certificate is encrypted and sent to the student. Hence, the certificate is secured with an encryption time (ET) of 5971ms and DA is performed with a Signature Generation Time (SGT) of 6637ms.
Patikiri Arachchige Don Shehan Nilmantha Wijesekara
Access Control (AC) in networking attempts to make sure that only authorized devices perform actions formed upon privileges defined for them with a view to prevent malicious users' entry and interaction in the communication grid. Blockchain solutions contain an arrangement of related blocks that naturally safeguards the trustworthiness, defending the incontestability, defend masked-identity of its transactions/transfers due to scattered consensus strategies and cryptographic solutions. Our survey comprehensively reviews BC-formed AC in broad scope of networking considering AC techniques while breaking down into 4 propositions and assessing them in terms of blockchain roles, AC technique and approach, network elements, and rest. We stockpiled a primary sample of 79 bibliographic references by weeding out them for screening criteria sought from scientific information reservoirs exploiting a qualitative and extensive strategy. Formed upon this survey, in blockchain-formed AC, blockchain can be exploited as an AC manager to administrate network devices and access information, implement automatic AC by means of smart contracts, secure storage of AC related data to reinforce overall AC security, and for safe data exchanging in the operation of AC. Minute assessment highlights that from blockchain-formed AC, 52.5% provide AC using blockchain itself or using smart contracts, 92.5% exploit sequential blockchain, 35% exploit PBFT consensus, provide 100% fine-grained and host-formed AC, 85% decentralized AC, 87.5% have single-factor authentication, 92.5% provide dynamic AC, and 45% have opted for IoT. Finally, we evaluate the chances and difficulties of the principle of blockchain-formed AC and then giving recommended actions to beat them.
In healthcare systems, blockchain technology plays a crucial role in transmitting COVID-19 data among multiple entities.Over time, various blockchain-based medical applications have emerged to handle medical information confidentially.One such system is the Scalable eHealthChain system (SeHealthChain), which utilizes a sharding scheme consisting of transaction chain and reputation chain structures to enhance throughput and security.However, the system employs a modified Raft-based Synchronous Consensus Scheme (RSCS) for generating the transaction blockchain, which can potentially introduce illegitimate transactions to the Hyperledger fabric network if a rogue node transfers them to the orderer.This poses a significant security risk in the worst-case scenarios.Additionally, as the hash rate fluctuates exponentially, the generation period of transaction blocks and computation difficulty increase.To address these issues, this article proposes an Optimized SeHealthChain (OSeHealthChain) system.It integrates a Tuna Swarm Optimization Algorithm (TSOA) with the modified RSCS to dynamically adjust the blockchain parameters in response to significant changes in the hash rate.The TSOA optimizes two variables, namely the Block Interval (BI) and Difficulty Adjustment Interval (DAI) of the Proof-of-Work (PoW) for the transaction blockchain, based on objective functions that consider the Standard Deviations (SD) of the mean BI and difficulty.By selecting appropriate variables, the system generates new transaction blocks with minimal nodes and overhead, effectively validating transactions and blocks to enhance the security level.Extensive simulations show that the OSeHealthChain achieves a throughput of 3918tps and a user-perceived latency of 63.8s for 1000 nodes, outperforming the SeHealthChain, eHealthChain, Permissionless Proof-of-Reputation-X (PL-PoRX), and hybrid Proof of Stake-Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (POS-PBFT) algorithms in blockchain systems.It also achieves throughputs of 7051tps, 6418tps, and 6290tps for simple, camouflage, and observe-act attacks, respectively, with 1000 nodes and a shard dimension of 200 during 20 epochs.
Blockchain has been recognized as a secure technology with which unique and tamper-proof certificates can be issued. Today the secure and immutable storage of vital records, such as birth certificates, is of paramount importance. Traditional systems for recording and managing such documents are complex, tedious, and inaccessible for many. At present, issuing a certificate involves three stakeholders; Parents, Hospitals, and Registrars. The Parents must visit the Registrar and report the birth after which the Registrar verifies the birth, which is a time-intensive process for the Registrar. To address these challenges, we present a web application that leverages blockchain technology to record and manage birth certificates. By utilizing a decentralized and distributed ledger, our application improves accessibility, transparency, and increased security. This paper outlines the design, implementation, and evaluation of our birth certificate recording system, highlighting its benefits for hospitals, registrars, and individuals. Furthermore, limitations and the future work of this technology are discussed.
Advancements in technology have exposed significant vulnerabilities in academic credentialing systems; they are costly, time-consuming, and susceptible to sophisticated forms of fraud.This research proposes an innovative solution that can be implemented to make an almost complete overhaul of the traditional methods used to verify educational documents much faster, more secure, and more credible.In contrast to popular approaches that involve manual checks or third-party services, we propose a solution based on decentralized and immutable ledger tech.Similar attempts have been made before, such as the Blockers tool and Educt system, and although adequate, they need to catch up in the grand scheme of a more refined concept and interface.Our system goes further than these constraints because it uses QR codes for direct verification and a user-focused approach.A quantitative analysis utilizing Kaggle for secondary data demonstrates significant improvements: Our prototype significantly enhanced performance metrics compared to existing systems.Specifically, it facilitated a 30% increase in interactions per minute, providing a baseline of interactions from previous systems for more precise comparison.Additionally, user satisfaction improved markedly, with the prototype achieving a 40% increase in the proportion of users reporting high satisfaction, based on comparative satisfaction rates from conventional systems.By integrating the use of the prototype, improved security and organizational performance were seen, and students, teachers, and employers' feedback showed high satisfaction due to the usability and effectiveness of the developed system.It has been observed that the blockchain system is handy in this regard as it can easily connect and interoperate with the existing education systems while providing pseudonymity and scalability without compromising security.Future developments of the software include the new directions of its application in the further expansion of the guidance section, the enhancement of compatibility issues, and regular safety scan checks.
The need for more people in the world to connect with one another via use of networked computerized distributed information systems is on the rise in different sector as well as in the medical sector.With many medical information systems being complex and private owned, networking such systems to aid interoperability in order to allow secure sharing of the electronic medical records remains a challenge.This calls for secure connections of different medical system platforms that will aid easy and timely sharing of electronic medical records across different medical facilities.Distributed ledger technologies such as enhanced blockchain is one of the such technologies that when implemented in the healthcare sector have ability to support secure sharing of electronic medical records.The study used exploratory and a survey-based descriptive research design.Information was gathered through both a literature review and a questionnaire survey involving a sample of twenty (20) companies specializing in the development of medical systems software.For this survey, two (2) domain experts from each company were purposefully selected as respondents, totaling forty (40) respondents.The response rate was substantial, with seventeen (17) companies participating, contributing a total of thirtyfour (34) domain experts, representing an 85% response rate.The aim of the study was to explore the factors that are hindering secure interoperability and sharing of electronic medical records across different medical systems.The findings revealed that technical factors like data formats, syntax, organization and protocols are the factors affecting structural interoperability levels while data meaning, models codification schemes and data definition standardization are the factors affecting semantic interoperability.Other factors include financial, organizational, human, cultural, security and privacy.The study proposes integration of Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) into the medical systems to mitigate the factors that affect secure interoperability of medical systems and to enhance secure sharing of electronic medical records (EMRs) across medical systems.
This paper reviews the network security in 6G applied in various emerging technologies. The content of the paper discusses the 6G, which is expected to be merged with multiple sorts of slicing enabled by new technologies and paradigms to make the system more intelligent and safeguard the network infrastructure. This literature review was performed through a systematic review using a meta-analysis review to draw a conclusion. This paper identifies the issues and challenges of the 6G network and discusses the current research areas in network security, such as AI and DLT, which were found as solutions which can be employed for security at many cybersecurity protection and defense stages. The value of these technologies is based on the benefits of autonomy, increased accuracy, and predictive capabilities for security analytics. Additionally, this study compares which approach is the most viable solution to address network security issues. The researcher wants to investigate further 6G cloud computing for future work, addressed by centralized data centers accessed via the leading network.
Open access
Innovation in Digital Healthcare Systems
Technology and Data Analysis
Diverse Approaches in Healthcare and Education Studies
saving the patient medical record electronically is done via electronic medical records (EMRs) where all the patient-related information that consider private and sensitive is usually related to the treatment process, as well as the diagnoses process of a specific patient usually this information needs to be shared and re-submit by many peers doctors with each, In this paper, propose a novel approach for electronic medical records system using a non-fungible token (NFT) based on a customized permission blockchain built with secret sharing technology to reduce the key management overhead as well as provide a readable extension of the ledger to ensure it is easy to read and easy access from any type of computer. The system that uses NFT for electronic medical records (NFT-EMR) ensures easy access and guarantees availability, privacy, and security providing authority to the patient over his data as well as proof of ownership which is done using proof of secret shares and consistency this system can be used in real-world between hospitals and medical centers and within metaverse world. The NFT-ERM system was evaluated using the main evaluation factors used to evaluate blockchain and compared to the standard ERM system.
Unlike general passwords, user authentication technology using biometric data cannot be lost or forgotten, and it has the advantage of being impossible to forge or falsify by attackers. Since this biometric data contains sensitive information, a safe storage method is needed. However, if biometric data is managed on a central server, it is limited by being vulnerable to integrity infringement attacks by system attackers and persistent infringement attacks on the authentication service. To solve this problem, a model using blockchain-based information security technology is proposed in this paper. The aim is to safely manage the user biometric data by dispersing the storage of the biometric data feature information for user authentication in smart contracts and IPFS using Ethereum. We have verified that it takes an average of 1,472.733 ms and 217.829 ms, to register and authenticate a user in the proposed model and we expect that it will provide a reliable authentication service to the users compared to the existing authentication method in which the biometric data is managed by a single server.
The medical technology is being evolved for enhancing the healthcare information related to medication, diseases, medical images etc., by using Electronic Healthcare Recording (EHR). The details such as gender, age, and weight of patients are sensitive, and require protection against unauthorized access. Therefore, providing a robust security for medical data is indeed a challenge. The present research work proposed a Fully Decentralized Block chain (FDBC) model with the Proxy Re-Encryption Algorithm (PReA) with an Ethereum smart contract. The proposed FDBC-PReA allows the data to be visible only for the owner and the smart contract as the model is implemented in an Ethereum based test bed. Each time when the data is transformed, the data loss is obtained for the incorrect data which is taken care by the decentralized BC. The fully decentralized BC stores and checks whether each of the entity shares or accesses the real time data. The proposed FDBC-PReA Ethereum smart contracts, and proxy re-encryption algorithms are executed with a faster rate that consumed average block time of 5.48s, which is lesser when compared to average block times of Smart-Contract Ethereum Distributed Ledger-14s, Searchable