This poster aims to increase public awareness and understanding of Minister of Finance Regulation Number 50 of 2025. It presents key information regarding the taxation of cryptocurrency transactions in Indonesia, including Value Added Tax (VAT), Final Income Tax Article 22, applicable tax rates, and tax obligations for crypto transactions. The poster is designed to communicate taxation information accessible for global audience. This work was developed as part of a collaborative educational program between the Diploma III of Taxation, University of Lampung and Scientia Hall.
Abstract Fiscal decentralization has become a central component of Indonesiaâs governance reform, with the decentralization of the Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2) intended to strengthen local fiscal independence and improve public service delivery. Despite these objectives, significant challenges remain regarding local tax autonomy, fiscal equity, and the effectiveness of property tax administration. This study examines the adequacy of Indonesiaâs current property tax regulatory framework within the fiscal decentralization regime and proposes a reconstructed legal framework capable of strengthening both fiscal equity and local tax autonomy. Employing normative legal research, the study utilizes statute, conceptual, comparative, and historical approaches to analyze constitutional provisions, legislation, and legal principles governing fiscal decentralization and property taxation. The findings reveal that the existing framework only partially fulfills the objectives of fiscal decentralization because local governments continue to exercise administrative responsibilities without corresponding regulatory discretion. Furthermore, disparities in regional fiscal capacity, inconsistencies in property valuation, and weaknesses in tax administration undermine both equitable taxation and effective local revenue mobilization. These shortcomings demonstrate that the current legal framework has not successfully balanced fiscal authority with fiscal responsibility nor adequately accommodated regional differences in revenue-generating capacity. In response, the study proposes a reconstructed property tax framework based on the principles of fiscal federalism, local autonomy, fiscal equity, subsidiarity, and good governance. The proposed model incorporates expanded local discretion in property tax administration, equity-oriented mechanisms to address regional disparities, and the modernization of tax governance through digital cadastral systems and GIS-based valuation technologies. The study contributes to the literature by developing an integrated normative framework that reconciles local fiscal autonomy with fiscal equity and offers a legal model for strengthening decentralized taxation and sustainable local finance in Indonesia.
Background: Indonesiaâs simultaneous regional elections (Pilkada serentak) constitute a key component of post-Reformasi decentralization. While designed to strengthen democratic local governance, recent fiscal rationalization policies have increased central control over election financing, raising concerns about their impact on substantive democratic representation. Objectives: This study examines whether fiscal rationalization in Pilkada implementation supports or undermines constitutional principles of democratic, participatory, and accountable local government. It analyzes the constitutional framework of Pilkada, identifies key fiscal rationalization mechanisms, and evaluates their effects on local political representation. Methods: A qualitative normative empirical approach was employed. Normative analysis examined the 1945 Constitution, electoral and regional governance laws, fiscal decentralization regulations, and Constitutional Court decisions. Empirical analysis was conducted through comparative case studies of regional election budget management. Results: Four major mechanisms were identified: NPHD budget revisions, APBD burden-shifting, compressed electoral timelines, and intensified central fiscal steering under Law No. 1 of 2022. These mechanisms reduced electoral capacity, limited voter-candidate engagement, and disproportionately affected less-resourced regions. Although elections formally complied with constitutional requirements, substantive representation was weakened, creating a persistent gap between procedural legality and democratic quality. Conclusion: Fiscal rationalization has strengthened formal compliance but constrained substantive democratic representation. Greater fiscal stability and regional autonomy are needed to ensure competitive, equitable, and accountable local elections. Keywords: fiscal rationalization; Pilkada serentak; constitutional compliance; democratic representation; decentralization.
The results of this research are based on Law Number: 1 of 2022 concerning Financial Relations between the Central Government and Regional Governments regulating the new design of transfer funds to regions, regional income and expenditure. Likewise, it regulates how to monitor and provide evaluation of regional spending so that any existing budget can be used effectively and efficiently. The Ministry of Finance continues to strive to solve and eliminate gaps in the misuse of transfer funds to regions and village funds while seeking harmony between central and regional fiscal policies. This research aims to evaluate the level of transparency and accountability of transfers to regional and village funds through cash account management and assess the quality of government cash management and also evaluate government account management in increasing government revenue. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method by utilizing secondary primary data originating from various literature. From 2022 to 2023, it is even estimated that by the end of 2024, transfer funds deposited in regional government accounts throughout Indonesia at regional banks will average more than IDR 100 trillion. Deposition of funds will disrupt development and public service activities. In fact, it is hoped that government spending will be realized, which is the main stimulus for regional economic movements. By joining regional governments in the Treasury Single Account (TSA), all aspects of financial resource mobilization and expenditure can be managed as a whole by the government for the benefit of the people. Apart from strengthening and responding to the challenges of limited government financial resources. Existing idle cash can generate income. The participation of the Regional Government in implementing the Treasury Single Account (TSA) does not reduce the autonomy that has been mandated.
Local government forms the cornerstone of democratic decentralization and grassroots governance across political systems. This study presents a comparative functional analysis of local government modelsânamely the Anglo-Saxon, Continental (French), and Indian systemsâfocusing on key areas such as policing, education, finance, and governance structures. By examining variations in autonomy, administrative control, and fiscal capacity, the paper highlights how historical, constitutional, and political contexts shape the functioning of local institutions. The Anglo-Saxon model emphasizes decentralization and flexibility, the Continental model reflects centralized supervision and uniformity, while the Indian model represents a hybrid framework balancing constitutional recognition with fiscal dependence. The analysis underscores that while local governments are universally recognized as vital instruments of democratic governance, their effectiveness is contingent upon adequate financial empowerment, functional clarity, and institutional capacity. The study contributes to the broader discourse on decentralization, governance efficiency, and democratic deepening in the 21st century. Keywords Local Government; Comparative Politics; Decentralization; Anglo-Saxon Model; Continental Model; Indian Model; Fiscal Autonomy; Governance; Public Administration; Democratic Decentralization
Muhammad Guhya Thesar Afani, Farhan Ferdiansyah, Eraneo Ihza P
The usage of blockchain has increased around the world over the years. It has become widely used in various sectors that need transparency, such as accounting, business, and auditing. Blockchains are gaining more popularity after being applied as a system for digital asset ownership, such as cryptocurrency and NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens). This growing trend of blockchain is followed by the increasing trend of research regarding it in the last decade. Blockchain has the potential to revolutionize the auditing sector and enhance economic accountability due to its decentralized system. Therefore, research regarding blockchain applications in auditing is becoming an important topic. This study adopts a qualitative approach by using datasets retrieved from the Scopus website, from the search result of blockchain auditing, with a total of 1228 articles that were published in the last decade (2015-2025). Furthermore, this study also uses several software programs as data processing tools, such as R Studio, VOSViewer, and Publish or Perish. This study aims to understand the research trend regarding blockchain auditing in the last decade and highlight its implications for the auditing and economic sectors.
The manuscript should contain an abstract. The abstract should be self-contained and citation-free and should not exceed 300 âwords. The abstract should state the purpose, approach, results, and conclusions of the paper. The author should assume that the reader has âsome knowledge of the subject but has not read the paper. Thus, the abstract should be intelligible and complete in itself (no numerical âreferences); it should not cite figures, tables, or sections of the paper. The abstract should be written using the third person instead of first per-âson.â This study examines the potential of Web3 technologies to enhance accounting transparency in government budgets through a survey of âacademics and professionals in Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. A structured questionnaire with 25 statements across five dimensions was âadministered to 55 respondents (74.55% academics in accounting/finance, 20% professionals from the Board of Supreme Audit) using a âfive-point Likert scale, with data analyzed via SPSS V.27.â âThe empirical results extensively validate Web3's application in enhancing governmental financial transparency. Although the theoretical âframework emphasized blockchain immutability as the foundation, statistical evidence revealed stronger endorsement for smart contracts ââ(mean = 4.167) and real-time access (mean = 4.06) compared to blockchain immutability (mean = 4.047). All hypotheses were validated at a p ââ< 0.000 significance level. Decentralized recordkeeping (mean = 4.12) and interoperability (mean = 4.116) also received strong support, âhighlighting the need for internal control and cross-government reconciliation.â âThe stronger support for smart contracts and real-time access reflects stakeholders' prioritization of practical, user-facing applications over âunderlying infrastructure. These tools offer immediate automation of budget controls, measurable cost savings, and direct citizen engage-âmentâaddressing urgent transparency challenges in the Kurdistan Region context more directly than blockchain's foundational security âfeatures.â âFrom an accounting perspective, Web3 supports fundamental financial reporting principles: blockchain immutability aligns with reliability âof accounting records; smart contracts function as programmed spending controls enhancing compliance and restricting unauthorized ex-âpenditures; real-time access corresponds to timeliness and disclosure principles, enabling continuous monitoring by citizens and oversight âagencies; while decentralization and interoperability strengthen internal control and promote consistency across governmental financial sys-âtems.â âWhile blockchain provides essential recordkeeping infrastructure for transparent records, stakeholder priorities emphasize automation, âaccessibility, and integration. These findings suggest governmental accounting reforms should prioritize smart contracts and real-time reporting systems as primary drivers of financial transparency, with blockchain serving as the supporting foundation. The study recommends âincremental adoption, development of real-time dashboards, integration with existing infrastructure, and establishment of supportive institutional frameworks.
Rahmat Mustaqim Adi Nugroho, Nanang Sudarsono, Achyar Rosandi, Zaki Akbar
The goals of these brief are to identifies and analyze how the role of Act in backups Rupiah strength against the exchange of decentralize finance block-chain based cryptocurrency (known as Bitcoin or BTC) whereas does not requires swift-code alike printed or FIAT as a early detection of state to print collateral or guarantee on foreign exchange rate. Within act or preparation of ratification upcoming act, remembered by the 13th August 2025 Rupiah exchange has weakened since last 5 year along +/- 3.000 Rupiah per-$ USD numbered 16.164 Rupiah against 1$ USD became the basis of Act to be frontier guardian to prevent valuation of inflation and empowered Rupiah in global market exchange. Otherwise thus valuation were countered back by BTC on every-world currencies since 2016 itself has gained the upscale as much as 32.018,52% the number that should concerned and potentially capable to brought a nation into failure if it is not restricted immediately by the Gration or Acts that defend a currency rate in every state.