Its novelty lies in: (a) formalizing seven explicit propositions (P1–P7) with explicit why-how-formal statement structure for each construct-to-construct relationship; (b) theorizing a differentiated serial mediation structure—full mediation in the upstream technical-structural segment (P1–P3) and partial mediation in the downstream relational-governance segment (P4–P7); (c) reversing the P6 direction to Sharia Compliance → Stakeholder Trust on Signaling Theory grounds; (d) defining Institutional Performance as a four-dimensional construct (financial, Sharia legitimacy, stakeholder value, and governance quality); and (e) specifying boundary conditions delimiting the framework’s scope to permissioned blockchain environments and high-religiosity market contexts.
Cahya Kamila Maharani, Relit Nur Edi, Ismail Septayanto Utama
The 4.0 Industrial Revolution has transformed the global economic landscape through the digitalization of financial services, trade, and industrial activities. This transformation has accelerated the growth of the Halal Market, making it one of the fastest-growing economic sectors, driven by the expanding Muslim population, increasing awareness of halal consumption, and rising demand for ethical and sustainable products. In this context, Islamic Fintech has emerged as a strategic innovation that integrates digital financial technologies with the principles of Islamic law and economics. Although studies on Sharia Fintech and the halal industry have grown substantially, research integrating these two domains from the perspectives of Islamic law and Islamic economics remains limited. This study aims to examine the strategic role of Islamic Fintech in strengthening the global Halal Market through an interconnective analytical framework. Employing a qualitative library research approach, the study critically analyzes scholarly literature, regulatory documents, international reports, and previous empirical studies. The findings indicate that Sharia Fintech enhances financial inclusion, transparency, halal traceability, value chain efficiency, and digital governance through the adoption of blockchain, artificial intelligence, smart contracts, and digital payment systems. These innovations contribute to the realization of Maqashid al-Shariah, particularly the protection of wealth (ḥifẓ al-māl) and the promotion of public welfare (maṣlaḥah). The novelty of this study lies in the development of a comprehensive conceptual framework that integrates Islamic law, Islamic economics, digital financial innovation, and Halal Market governance into a unified analytical model.
This study maps the development, collaboration patterns, citation structure, and thematic evolution of research on blockchain technology in the waqf sector. A bibliometric analysis of 417 Scopus-indexed publications published from 2006 to 12 July 2024 was performed using Bibliometrix in RStudio and VOSviewer. The analysis covered publication trends, influential sources and contributors, country productivity, citation impact, collaboration networks, and keyword co-occurrence. The results show increasing scholarly attention to the intersection of blockchain, Islamic finance, fintech, and waqf management. Malaysia and Indonesia emerged as the most productive and most cited countries, while an international co-authorship rate of 29.74% indicated moderate cross-border collaboration. Keyword analysis revealed that the field is anchored in Islamic finance, fintech, blockchain, and waqf, with growing attention to cash waqf, crowdfunding, financial inclusion, digital transformation, smart contracts, cybersecurity, and technology adoption. However, these patterns demonstrate scholarly attention and thematic associations rather than empirical proof of blockchain’s operational benefits in waqf institutions. This study identifies priority gaps in empirical implementation, Shariah governance, stakeholder adoption, technical feasibility, and socioeconomic impact evaluation of blockchain-enabled waqf systems.
The paper investigates how cross-cultural branding has adapted to the new reality of globalization, digital revolution and dynamic customer needs. The paper reviews the historical and modern views on branding to analyze how organizations strive to create a consistent global brand while responding to the requirements of local culture. The study is based on a qualitative review which reveals such issues as the need for balancing standardization and localization, the concept of glocalization, cultural intelligence, AI-powered personalization, sustainable branding and immersive digital ecosystems (Web3, metaverse). The branding has moved from its original function of identification to more interactive approaches powered by technologies and sensitive to culture. The digital glocalization seems to be an adequate strategy that allows merging globalized identity and consumer-localized experience. Modern resilient brands should combine cultural intelligence, ethical sustainability, emotional integrity, and flexibility in digital environments. Graphical Abstract
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Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
The application of istiḥsān in the digital economy continues to face challenges related to subjectivity and the lack of methodological transparency. This study aims to formulate a seven-stage istiḥsān operational model as a structured framework for enhancing accountability in Sharia economic legal reasoning. Employing a critical juridical-normative approach grounded in legal coherence theory, the proposed model provides objective criteria to guide mujtahids in determining exceptional legal rulings. The model was validated through two strategic case studies: (1) a retrospective analysis of Sukuk instruments and (2) a prospective analysis of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). The findings demonstrate that the model successfully reconstructs the implicit legal reasoning underlying established Sukuk fatwas, thereby confirming its retrospective consistency. Prospectively, when applied to NFTs, the model functions as a rigorous evaluative filter that permits innovation only when the anticipated maṣlaḥah outweighs the potential mafsadah. In cases where secondary harms—such as the environmental costs associated with energy consumption and speculative market bubbles—predominate, the model justifies restricting such innovations. This study makes a significant academic contribution by transforming contemporary istiḥsān from an abstract jurisprudential concept into a replicable, transparent, and auditable analytical framework. It demonstrates that structured ijtihād provides a robust governance mechanism for fostering ethical, accountable, and sustainable Sharia-compliant innovation in global capital markets.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan cryptocurrency sebagai metode pembayaran zakat yang halal di Malaysia, dengan mengeksplorasi kesesuaiannya dengan prinsip-prinsip Islam sambil mempertimbangkan inovasi teknologi dan kepatuhan syariah untuk pembayaran zakat yang efisien dan transparan. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan, melibatkan tinjauan pustaka dan analisis regulasi terkait fatwa Malaysia, peraturan keuangan, serta sumber akademis tentang keuangan Islam dan cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency dapat berfungsi sebagai sarana halal untuk zakat jika memenuhi kriteria syariah seperti transparansi, kepemilikan aset yang sah, serta menghindari gharar dan riba. Regulasi dan fatwa di Malaysia menunjukkan penerimaan yang berkembang di bawah pengawasan ketat; teknologi blockchain meningkatkan akuntabilitas distribusi zakat, meskipun volatilitas nilai dan pemahaman publik tetap menjadi tantangan utama. Integrasi cryptocurrency dapat memodernisasi sistem zakat, meningkatkan kepercayaan dan transparansi sekaligus memastikan kepatuhan syariah. Kolaborasi antara regulator, ulama Islam, dan pengembang fintech sangat penting untuk membangun ekosistem zakat digital yang inklusif dan dapat diakses oleh komunitas Muslim Malaysia. Studi ini menawarkan perspektif inovatif dengan menggabungkan analisis regulasi, teknologi, dan fiqh mengenai cryptocurrency halal untuk zakat di Malaysia, mengisi kekosongan penelitian tentang solusi keuangan Islam digital di pasar negara berkembang.
Awqaf (Islamic endowments) historically functioned as decentralized institutions financing education, healthcare, infrastructure, and social welfare across the Muslim world. Grounded in the principles of perpetuity and inalienability, they transformed private wealth into sustainable public goods, as highlighted by Monzer Kahf and Murat Çizakça, while also facing institutional rigidity concerns raised by Timur Kuran.This paper examines the evolution of Awqaf from classical asset-based models to innovative structures such as cash waqf, waqf sukuk, corporate waqf, and intellectual property waqf. It proposes the Integrated Digital Awqaf Ecosystem (IDAE) Framework to explain how digitalization enhances governance, transparency, financial integration, and socio-economic impact. The study concludes that digitally integrated Awqaf can become strategic pillars of sustainable development in contemporary Muslim economies.
Abubakar Ibrahim Adamu, Hamidu Ardo, Najaatu Mohammed Bomai
The aim of this research is to analyze the cryptocurrency from Islamic Perspective. Cryptocurrency is a new phenomenon to Islamic Law. It is a digital currency that is neither issued by a central bank nor a public authority, but accepted as a medium of exchange by some individuals and entities and can be transferred, stored or traded electronically. Its legal nature remains unclear some are considering it as only medium of exchange while others as commodity, couple with some of its peculiar features such as anonymity of transacting parties, lack of control and supervision by a central authority, intangibility and speculation. The paper begins with brief introduction on the Islamic law principles governing commercial transactions. The paper continues with the explanation of the concept, nature and scope of cryptocurrency from Islamic Perspective. Analytical research methodology is used to analyze the work. At the end it is observed that contemporary Muslims scholars differ as to the position of cryptocurrency in Sharia. Some look at it as halal (permissible) in principle, while others look at it as haram (prohibited). However, the research recommends that a further research need to be conducted as to the actual legal status of cryptocurrency and its impact in both social and economic life of Muslims, this will assist in making a final decision on it.
The rapid development of financial technology has introduced cryptocurrency as a transformative innovation within the global financial system, raising fundamental questions regarding its compatibility with value-based financial models, particularly Islamic banking. Grounded in Sharīʿah principles that emphasize ethical finance, risk-sharing, asset-backed transactions, and the prohibition of ribā, gharar, and maysir, Islamic banking faces both opportunities and challenges in responding to the emergence of decentralized digital assets. This study aims to explore how Islamic banking can engage with cryptocurrency while maintaining its normative and ethical foundations, as well as to identify the key constraints that limit institutional adoption within global finance. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study conducts a systematic and interpretive review of scholarly literature, regulatory frameworks, and classical as well as contemporary Sharīʿah sources related to Islamic finance, blockchain technology, and cryptocurrency governance. The analysis reveals that blockchain technology demonstrates substantial alignment with Islamic banking principles through its transparency, traceability, and decentralized verification mechanisms, offering institutional potential in areas such as payments, trade finance, and smart contracts. However, the findings also indicate that cryptocurrency markets are characterized by high volatility, speculative behavior, weak real-sector linkage, and fragmented regulatory oversight, which raise significant ethical, financial, and governance concerns for Islamic banking institutions. Regulatory divergence and inconsistent Sharīʿah interpretations further complicate cross-border implementation and scalability. The study concludes that Islamic banking should adopt a selective and principle-oriented approach to cryptocurrency, distinguishing between permissible technological infrastructure and ethically problematic market practices.
Berikut ringkasan akademik dari tulisan “Bitcoin dalam Ekonomi Syariah: Tinjauan di Pasar Muslim”: Artikel ini mengkaji keamanan dan kepatuhan Bitcoin terhadap prinsip ekonomi syariah dalam konteks pasar Muslim, ditengah tren global kripto yang berkembang pesat. Kajian berangkat dari kebutuhan akan penilaian mendalam terkait kesesuaian Bitcoin dengan nilai maqasid al-shariah, khususnya keadilan, transparansi, dan kemaslahatan. Tujuan utama penelitian adalah mengevaluasi apakah Bitcoin dapat diadopsi dalam sistem keuangan Islam, dengan menyoroti aspek keamanan transaksi dan kepatuhan terhadap larangan riba, gharar, serta maysir. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods, menggabungkan survei kuantitatif dari pengguna Bitcoin di pasar Muslim serta kajian kualitatif atas literatur, fatwa, dan pendapat ulama. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden mengakui keunggulan teknologi blockchain dalam aspek keamanan dan transparansi, namun mengkhawatirkan volatilitas harga dan potensi spekulasi yang belum sesuai prinsip syariah. Analisis empiris dan wawancara ahli menemukan bahwa penerimaan Bitcoin secara syariah masih tergantung pada penguatan regulasi, pengawasan lembaga keuangan Islam, dan inovasi digital yang dapat mengeliminasi unsur spekulatif. Secara teoretis, penelitian berkontribusi dengan integrasi antara perspektif maqasid al-shariah dan analisis keamanan digital—memperluas pemahaman tentang potensi dan tantangan kripto dalam ekonomi Islam modern. Rekomendasi diberikan kepada regulator dan pelaku industri untuk mengembangkan instrumen kripto halal melalui smart contract, audit syariah, serta peningkatan literasi digital di kalangan masyarakat Muslim. Dengan landasan evidence-based dan pendekatan interdisipliner, artikel ini memperkuat wacana integrasi teknologi blockchain ke dalam prinsip keuangan syariah sebagai strategi inklusi dan inovasi di pasar global Muslim.
M. Veena, K. Sravani, K. Dhanapal, G. Praveen Kumar · 6 authors
This study was done to ensure effective fisheries management while protecting marine ecosystems and livelihoods by integrating traceability and sustainability practices. Fisheries played a crucial role in food security worldwide, supporting millions of livelihoods and providing nutrition for billions. However, challenges like overfishing, Illegal fishing, and environmental degradation threatened marine ecosystems. Traceability and sustainability were vital to addressing these issues by combating Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing, ensuring food safety, supporting sustainable practices, and meeting regulatory requirements. The fish industry experienced substantial illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) activities within traditional supply chain systems. Blockchain technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) were expected to transform the fish supply chain (FSC) by incorporating distributed ledger technology (DLT) to build trustworthy, transparent, decentralized traceability systems that promoted secure data sharing and employed IUU prevention and detection methods. Efficient traceability management was necessary for managing products in the fishery supply chain. Monitoring and tracking of the fishery supply chain operations assisted system stakeholders in identifying the origins and causes of product fraud and malpractice. Traceability helped prevent IUU fishing, which costs up to $23.5 billion annually, by using blockchain systems to record catch data immutably and enable real-time tracking. Technologies like RFID (Radio Frequency Identification tags) and QR (Quick Response) codes verified seafood origin, reducing fraud and enhancing food safety. Sustainability prevented overfishing, preserved biodiversity, and supported small-scale fishers through fair trade practices. With 75% of consumers favouring sustainably sourced seafood, blockchain enhanced trust by providing transparent sustainability records and QR code verification.
Since its inception in 2009, cryptocurrencies have been a subject of debate in literature. In the general literature, the debate is mainly about the legality and application of these currencies while in Islamic literature, the debate is about its compliance with Sharia rules and directions. The primary objective of this study was to analyze current cryptocurrencies using a novel methodology and propose a new Islamic cryptocurrency, called “Halal Coin”. To achieve the objectives of this study, a qualitative research method was followed by analyzing how the included cryptocurrencies work, analyzing some of its data for the period from January 1, 2023 to May 31,2025, and determining the characteristics of the proposed coin. Data used in this study were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the measure of “value at risk”. The results revealed that none of the current cryptocurrencies are Sharia-compliant, and the proposed Halal coin is characterized by 15 attributes, including being accessible to all people, serving as a unit of account, and being free from high volatility.
Cryptocurrencies, particularly Bitcoin and Ethereum, have reshaped global conceptions of money, ownership, and exchange. With the rise of blockchain technology—distributed, immutable digital ledgers—applications have expanded into areas such as smart contracts, asset tokenization, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). These shifts present pressing challenges to traditional Islamic legal structures, which have historically grounded financial rulings in well-defined principles such as prohibition of riba (intere... In this context, Islamic jurisprudence must critically engage with these technologies—not by rejection or blind acceptance—but through a measured analysis rooted in legal maxims and maqāṣid al-sharīʿah (the higher objectives of Islamic law). This study explores the Islamic legal perspective on cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies, providing an analytical review of scholarly opinions, regulatory frameworks, and economic realities across Muslim and global contexts.
This study aims to design a halal fresh meat traceability system based on dual blockchain technology and the Internet of Things (IoT). This system will utilize the Point of Authority (PoA) method to validate information on the implementation of halal assurance in the halal fresh meat food chain based on beef, starting from the slaughterhouse, halal slaughterer, and slaughterhouse supervisor. This system will also provide information on temperature and humidity conditions in the delivery service of halal fresh meat products to consumers in traditional markets. In this study, we developed a software system with the waterfall method for a web-based halal traceability system using the Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) programming language and the Laravel framework, blockchain using SQLite, and IoT technology using C programming. Consumers can obtain product delivery information, halal fresh product assurance information, and halal guarantor information transparently in the halal fresh meat supply chain by scanning the product's Quick Response Code (QR code). This study offers a basic framework for policymakers to improve the halal integrity of the halal fresh meat supply chain, and the concept of halal assurance in traditional markets. It also allows consumers to monitor the halal status of fresh beef products in conventional markets. This study contributes to the beef-based halal fresh beef supply chain research by developing a traceability system for halal fresh meat using blockchain and IoT.
The demand for halal food products is increasing rapidly around the world. The consumption of halal food products is just not among Muslims but also non-Muslims, due to the purity of the halal food products. However, there are several challenges that are faced by halal food consumers. The challenges raise doubt among the halal food consumers about the authenticity of the product being halal. Therefore, a solution that can address these issues and establish trust between consumers and producers is needed. Blockchain technology can provide a distributed ledger with an immutable record of the information. Artificial intelligence supports developing a solution for pattern identification. The proposed research utilizes blockchain an artificial intelligence-based system for developing and e-adoption of a system that ensures the authenticity of halal food products by providing traceability related to all the operations and processes of the supply chain and sourcing the raw material. The proposed system has been tested with a local supermarket in a sandbox environment. The results and tests of the developed solution seemed effective and the testers expressed interest in real-world implementation of the proposed system. Therefore, the findings contribute to the knowledge of technology adoption by examining the application of the proposed system in halal food supply chain and provide insight into the potential benefits for e-adoption in this domain.
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) represent a promising application of blockchain technology that can potentially disrupt various sectors, mainly tourism. While there have been conceptual discussions regarding the opportunities and challenges of utilizing NFTs for purposes such as digital souvenirs, ticketing, loyalty programs, and conservation initiatives, there remains a significant need for a robust methodological framework to assess the impact of real-world NFT implementations empirically. This paper presents the methodological foundation of ongoing research. It proposes a comprehensive approach to researching NFT initiatives within the tourism sector, which includes data collection methods, analytical techniques, and the design of a workbench for monitoring key performance indicators (KPIs). The proposed framework combines quantitative and qualitative measures to capture the complex nature of NFT adoption, including financial performance, visitor engagement, user experience, and operational efficiency. By establishing standardized protocols and metrics, the proposed methodology aims to enable cross-study comparisons and contribute to developing the best practices for leveraging NFTs in the tourism industry. The work highlights the potential of NFTs to enhance visitor experiences, generate new revenue streams, and promote destinations as tech-savvy hubs, while also addressing ethical and sustainability concerns. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of a structured approach to evaluating NFTs initiatives, which can provide valuable insights for tourism organizations seeking to innovate and remain competitive in a digital landscape. Future research should focus on validating the framework through real-world case studies, exploring additional applications of NFTs in tourism, and addressing challenges related to data availability, technological integration, and stakeholder collaboration.
ABSTRACT We investigate why and how businesses and entrepreneurs adopt and implement blockchain technology to improve the economic, environmental and social sustainability of seafood supply chains. We conduct interviews with entrepreneurs and small‐ to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) – specifically fishers, aquaculturists and restaurants – using new blockchain platforms to increase the traceability and trackability of seafood in Australia. Drawing on innovation adoption theory, we examine drivers and barriers to trading seafood via these innovative platforms, compared to traditional trading routes – such as through wholesalers. Benefits for seafood buyers included greater freshness, less waste, value‐adding the customer experience and supporting locally sourced products. Benefits for sellers included price security and transparency, and the marketing and branding opportunities that the platforms enabled through social media. Challenges regarded distrust, competition, uncertain product availability and the tangibility of seafood, which – unlike cryptocurrency – requires transport, packaging and processing, meaning potential efficiencies could become constrained by supply chain logistics.
الأهداف: يهدف البحث لبيان ماهية الرموز غير القابلة للاستبدال (NFTs)، وتكييفها الفقهي وحكم التعامل بها، وشروط التوثيق من خلالها، كما يهدف إلى توضيح حقيقة (NFTs)، وآلية عملها، ونشأتها، وحكم التعامل بها، وتم اختيار الموضوع نظرا لحداثته، والحاجة الملحة لوضعها في الإطار الفقهي المناسب، وإثراء المكتبة الإسلامية الفقهية على وجه التحديد، بمواضيع شكلت نقلة نوعية في عالم التكنولوجيا، مما يعني مواكبة كل ما يستجد. المنهجية: اعتمد البحث المنهج الوصفي الشارح للنصوص المتعلقة بـ NFTs، والمنهج الاستقرائي باستقراء عمل الرموز تقنيا للتوصل للتعريف الأقرب لطبيعتها، والمنهج التحليلي لتحليل المفاهيم الواردة والآراء المتعلقة بـها، ومناقشتها، وإلحاقها بأقرب التكييفات الفقهية الملائمة. النتائج: إن التكييف الفقهي الملائم لطبيعة عمل هذه الرموز، هو تخريجها على دفتر البياع والصراف، وشريجة البقال، حيث كانت وسائل مناسبة لحفظ الحقوق بحسب ما تعارف عليه أهل ذلك الزمان، وكذا هذه الرموز، فقد تعورف على كونها وسيلة لتوثيق الحقوق في العالم الرقمي، خاصة أنها قد استوفت الشروط الواجب توافرها في التوثيق بالكتابة، من كونها مرسومة ومستبينة، وجازمة، مع مراعاة مجلس العقد، وهي متناغمة كذلك مع الشروط التي أقرتها منظمة التجارة الإلكترونية في العقود الإلكترونية، من الشفافية والاستمرارية وعدم القابلية للتغيير والتبديل. الخلاصة: أن الـ NFTs هي عبارة عن نوع الشبكات اللامركزية تستخدم لإثبات الحقوق والملكيات من خلالها، وتتم عبر شبكات البلوكتشين الإيثيروم- على وجه التحديد، حيث تتوافر فيها الشروط الواجب توافرها في التوثيق بالكتابة برموز خاصة، تتناسب مع معطيات العصر الرقمية، وتوصي الباحثة بمزيد من البحوث على كل ما يستجد حول تلك الرموز لاستيضاح ملابساتها في جميع جوانب استعمالاتها، كما وتوصي بالاستفادة العملية من تجارب الدول في استخدامها، مما يساعد في اكتشاف الثغرات وسدها.
Objective: The study aims to explore the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology into the halal certification process, focusing on improving accuracy, transparency, and efficiency. It evaluates how these technologies can enhance the halal certification system in Indonesia, mainly through the SiHalal platform developed by the Halal Product Assurance Agency (BPJPH). Research Design & Methods: This study uses a qualitative approach, reviewing the literature and analyzing the implementation of AI and blockchain technologies in halal certification in Indonesia through case studies and interviews with key stakeholders to assess the effectiveness and potential impact of integrating these technologies. Findings: The study found that AI and blockchain improve efficiency, transparency, and security in the halal certification process. AI automates error detection and improves accuracy, while blockchain prevents fraud through immutable records. The SiHalal platform successfully integrates the two to simplify the process and increase public trust and user satisfaction. Implications & Recommendations: The study recommends the expansion of the SiHalal platform and further development of AI and blockchain integration to improve scalability and security, policy support for technology infrastructure and training of halal auditors, and adoption of SiHalal by halal businesses to improve efficiency and transparency, with suggestions for technology developers to continue innovating in addressing scalability and interoperability challenges. Contribution & Value Added: This study contributes to the literature on modernizing halal certification systems by showing how integrating AI and blockchain can revolutionize the process. It also provides insights into how technology increases trust, reduces fraud, and enables regulation, positioning Indonesia as a global halal market leader.
The global Ayurvedic medicine and herbs industry is projected to reach approximately $23 billion by 2028 (Research, 2022). Ayurveda, a 5000-year-old system of traditional medicine, relies on natural ingredients sourced from diverse ecosystems. However, the Ayurvedic supply chain faces numerous challenges, including raw material authenticity, regulatory compliance, procurement inefficiencies, and counterfeit risks. This research explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and blockchain technologies in modernizing Ayurvedic procurement. AI-driven demand forecasting models (LSTM, ARIMA, XGBoost) optimize inventory management, while machine learning-based supplier risk assessment (Gradient Boosting, NLP, Random Forest) enhances vendor selection and fraud detection. Blockchain smart contracts (Hyperledger Fabric, Ethereum) ensure end-to-end traceability, preventing counterfeiting and ensuring compliance with AYUSH, WHO-GMP, and FDA regulations. Additionally, IoT-enabled storage monitoring and hyperspectral AI-based quality authentication maintain herbal potency and safety. The proposed AI-powered procurement framework demonstrates significant improvements in procurement lead time, cost reduction, supply chain transparency, and quality control compared to traditional Ayurvedic sourcing methods. This paper highlights AI’s transformative role in optimizing Ayurvedic procurement, ensuring sustainability, efficiency, and authenticity in global herbal medicine markets.
Funlade Sunmola, George Baryannis, Albert Tan, Kenneth T. Co · 5 authors
The global halal market is growing, driven by rising stakeholder populations and increasing consumer interest in ethical and sustainable food choices. This surge in demand necessitates robust halal compliance throughout complex supply chains. However, there are several challenges, including fragmented information, increased understanding of halal requirements among stakeholders, and difficulties in tracing product provenance. This paper proposes a holistic framework for halal certification and compliance, addressing these challenges through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technologies. AI can automate halal compliance checks, identify potential irregularities in sourcing and composition, and facilitate risk management. The blockchain offers an ideal platform for tracking product provenance throughout the halal supply chain. This ensures trust and confidence among consumers by providing verifiable information on ingredient origin and production processes. This paper further strengthens the potential of this framework by presenting an illustrative example that utilises knowledge graphs, machine learning, and smart contracts. This exemplifies the potential application of the proposed framework in the context of halal pre-certification processes. By fostering transparency and streamlining compliance procedures, the proposed holistic framework, empowered by AI and the blockchain, can significantly enhance trust and confidence among stakeholders within the halal food industry.