Актуальность исследования обусловлена стремительным развитием криптовалютного рынка и растущим интересом инвесторов к альтернативным способам получения дохода. Одним из таких инструментов становится стейкинг криптовалют, позволяющий получать вознаграждение за участие в поддержании блокчейн-сетей. Проблематика развития данного инструмента заключается в недостаточной осведомленности инвесторов о механизмах стейкинга, его разновидностях, рисках и потенциальной доходности, особенно на фоне высокой волатильности крипторынка. Цель статьи – проанализировать стейкинг как форму альтернативного инвестирования, определить его преимущества и уязвимости, а также оценить перспективность для различных категорий инвесторов. В рамках исследования авторами применены методы сравнительного анализа, теоретического обзора источников, а также произведена оценка рисков и доходности на примерах конкретных криптовалют и платформ. В статье рассматриваются основные виды стейкинга: фиксированный, гибкий, ликвидный и делегированный. Приведены примеры популярных криптовалют, таких как Tezos, Cardano, Algorand, Polkadot и Ethereum, использующих алгоритм консенсуса Proof-of-Stake (PoS - доказательство доли владения), и сопоставлены их потенциальные доходности. Результаты исследования показывают, что при грамотном подходе стейкинг может быть эффективным инструментом создания пассивного дохода. Выявлены ключевые риски: волатильность, ограниченная ликвидность, угроза потери активов и технические сложности. Научным результатом являются предложенные стратегии минимизации рисков, включающие диверсификацию, выбор ликвидных активов и использование проверенных платформ. Таким образом, стейкинг представляет собой перспективный и гибкий инвестиционный механизм в рамках цифровой экономики. The relevance of the study is due to the rapid development of the cryptocurrency market and the growing interest of investors in alternative ways of generating income. One of these tools is cryptocurrency staking, which allows you to receive rewards for participating in the maintenance of blockchain networks. The problem with the development of this tool lies in the lack of investor awareness about staking mechanisms, its varieties, risks and potential returns, especially against the background of high volatility of the crypto market. The purpose of the article is to analyze staking as a form of alternative investment, identify its advantages and vulnerabilities, and assess its prospects for various categories of investors. As part of the study, the authors applied methods of comparative analysis, a theoretical review of sources, and an assessment of risks and profitability based on examples of specific cryptocurrencies and platforms. The article discusses the main types of staking: fixed, flexible, liquid and delegated. Examples of popular cryptocurrencies such as Tezos, Cardano, Algorand, Polkadot, and Ethereum using the Proof-of-Stake (PoS proof of ownership) consensus algorithm are given, and their potential returns are compared. The results of the study show that, with the right approach, staking can be an effective tool for creating passive income. Key risks have been identified: volatility, limited liquidity, the threat of asset loss and technical difficulties. The scientific result is the proposed risk minimization strategies, including diversification, the choice of liquid assets and the use of proven platforms. Thus, staking is a promising and flexible investment mechanism within the digital economy.
Introduction. The development of fish farming in aquaculture in a sustainable way ensures the sustainability of fisheries, which is associated with local problems in each region. Ukraine’s fish production has been falling sharply over the last 30 years, and in 2021 the decline was more than 87 percent in comparison with 1990. In the Ukrainian aquaculture sector, there is a high degree of bureaucracy and risks of corruption, which need to be addressed in order to find a solution for the economy and businessmen. World reports show that Ukraine is among the world's leaders in illegal fishing. Thus, it is highly necessary to implement technologies for sector traceability and transparency, i.e., blockchain. Aim and tasks. The main aim of this article is to research the possible mechanism of implementation of the transparent and efficient system of using the aquatic bioresources of Ukraine. A secondary aim would be to actualize the information regarding the use of blockchain technology in the aquaculture sector. Results. This research shows that Ukraine’s aquacultural sector is going through a crisis, which is being induced by the high level of corruption and poaching. The digitization of the aquaculture supply chain powered by blockchain technology has been proposed. The role of blockchain technologies is revealed through functions such as evidence, tamper-proof, transparency, and decentralization. It was investigated the positive impact of blockchain technology on aquaculture business, such as reduction in bureaucracy, quality assurance, improvement in information exchange, low cost of transactions, improvement in audit performance, easy recall process, product origin verification, and low probability of fraudulent activity. It would greatly reduce the time needed to gather all the documentation essential for work and reporting. The blockchain implementation roadmap has been developed, including the following stages: concept, legislation compliance, limited prototype, final vision, further research and optimization. Conclusions. Blockchain technology fits Ukraine’s economic goals in the long term perspective, such as continued digitalization of the country. Due to the blockchain technology, products of aquaculture would not enter the market unless registered in the unified system. That will influence the reduction of "informal economy" in the sector and the increase of market mechanisms. It will also have a positive influence on food security for the population and economic security for the producers. It will be a precedent for a fully transparent and digitalized field of economy.
The article examines the regulatory framework for regulating the use of distributed ledgers (blockchain) in the system of labor relations in the world and in Russia. Digitalization in general and the introduction of blockchain are changing social relations in various aspects of their manifestation. Labor relations is an area that has always been highly regulated, due to the significant opportunism of the participants, and is also subject to change. The accumulation of changes should sooner or later lead to the adaptation of the normative regulation of the labor relations system. In this regard, the purpose of the work is to investigate the impact of the use of blockchain in the system of labor relations on the content and structure of labor law, to highlight opportunities and threats, to propose options for normative regulation of the use of distributed ledgers in the world of work.As the result of the study, gaps in labor law have been highlighted that do not allow using the blockchain to the fullest. It is proposed to supplement the Labor Code of the Russian Federation with a section that regulates the use of digital technologies in the regulation of labor relations. The key conclusion presented in the work is that the positive impact of blockchain on labor relations is minimized due to the lack of a formed legal framework in this area.
Abstract Modern technologies and new management concepts - industrial and product platforms - allows create new products and services, changes one of the oldest occupations of mankind, almost biblical, - fishing and fish farming. Due to the rapid development of IT technologies and business in the last decade, the development of platforms has been observed - network business structures engaged in the collection and analysis of heterogeneous information for users. The most important platforms for aquaculture are industrial and product. The newest concept of innovative economy – blockchain, - must be also used in modern industrial aquaculture. We propose the product platform based on an industrial platform, - software and hardware complex for fishes and crustaceans farming using Computer Vision technologies and modern automation systems integrated into a network industrial complex. The environmental parameters for optimizing the growth rate of aquatic organisms or their taste are subsequently distributed (license/sales) among users of their product platform. Platform users could collect fishes and crustaceans into the trading pools and sell them to large retailers for special prices. Product platform helps preserve, repopulate endangered species of fish and crustaceans and also reduces ecological impact of fisheries and extensive aquaculture.