I.V. Zablodska, Павло Андрійович Ляшенко, Тетяна Михайлівно Адаменко
Problem statement. The relevance of the study lies in the need to restore and modernize the electricity infrastructure of the affected territories in the context of war destruction, energy risks and the need to ensure sustainable socio-economic development of communities. Of particular importance are the issues of spatial planning, energy security, decentralization of energy systems and the introduction of modern technologies for the restoration of energy infrastructure. The purpose of the article is to form a scientifically grounded approach to the spatial development of electric power infrastructure in the affected areas. Methods used in the study: monographic analysis, systematization, generalization, visualization and clustering. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the spatial development of electric power infrastructure in the affected territories involves the organization of energy islands in the affected and de-occupied territories. Summary of the main material: it is substantiated that the restoration of a centralized model of Soviet-type generation based on thermal or nuclear capacities is strategically unpromising for the affected territories due to three interrelated restrictions: military vulnerability of large critical infrastructure facilities to repeated targeted strikes; investment unattractiveness for private capital due to high security risks; long implementation periods incompatible with urgent needs to restore power supply. A scientifically grounded approach to the spatial development of electric power infrastructure in the affected territories has been formed, which is reflected in the Concept of Energy Island Organization and defined as an operational model for the spatial development of electric power infrastructure in the affected and de-occupied territories. The originality and practical significance of the study lies in the definition of five logical levels: from the destruction of the centralized IPS and the emergence of an isolated state through the operational architecture of the island with distributed functions between the Initiator, DSO and TSO to a synthetic spatial solution capable of functioning autonomously without trunk connections to the unified power system. Conclusions. The spatial development of electric power infrastructure in the affected territories is not a technical task of restoring what was destroyed, but a strategic transition to a qualitatively new energy supply architecture. Further research consists in studying the conditions for the restoration of electricity infrastructure in the de-occupied territories and its development
Andrii Pecheniuk, Igor Harasymchuk, Pavlo Potapskyi, Mykola Vusatyi
The article provides a comprehensive substantiation of the conceptual foundations and strategic priorities for the transformation of power supply systems in the agricultural sector amid contemporary global challenges. It is demonstrated that the traditional paradigm of energy supply in the agro-industrial complex has exhausted its potential, necessitating a transition to a qualitatively new management model based on the principles of decentralization, decarbonization, and intellectualization. A thorough diagnosis of the critical state of obsolete network infrastructure has been conducted, and an algorithm for its systemic reengineering is proposed. Particular attention is paid to the development and implementation of the Microgrid concept as a key tool for ensuring local energy resilience. The mechanisms for transitioning agricultural enterprises to autonomous operating modes are investigated, guaranteeing the continuity of critical technological processes even under conditions of destabilization of the national power system. The scientific novelty of the study is expanded through the substantiation of the synergistic effect resulting from the integration of phytotechnologies and renewable energy sources. The role of energy crops and the bioconversion of agricultural waste are described as a basis for forming a closed-loop energy consumption cycle, allowing agribusiness to act as an active subject of energy generation. The specifics of the “green transition” are detailed, where carbon footprint management is considered not merely as an environmental standard but as a strategic asset. The shift in the structure of capital and operating expenditures is analyzed, a methodology for the life cycle assessment of energy facilities is substantiated, and a direct correlation between the decarbonization of power supply and the investment attractiveness of enterprises is identified. The article emphasizes the social and organizational aspects of this transformation. The role of human resources and the necessity of forming new professional competencies among personnel in the context of power facility modernization are highlighted. The advantages of energy cooperation as a form of collective resource management, contributing to the socio-economic revival of rural areas, are substantiated.
The poor economic status particularly in the developing countries has resulted in limited income, scarcity of investment funds, while at the same time regulations governing project financing remain a challenge for the electricity sector. This study investigates the economic sustainability of different sources of energy to provide critical information to planners and policy makers seeking to develop an energy mix that guarantees clean and affordable electricity. Clean, efficient and affordable electricity directly and indirectly supports almost all the sustainable development goals as a vital physical input and enabler. Decentralized energy (DE), and distributed energy systems constitute power generation and storage close to the point of power need or consumption, and may or may not be connected to the distributed network. This reduces the transmission and distribution costs but leads to growth in use of local energy resources, which is an important strategy in the global sustainable energy transition. In terms of investment in clean energy, the financing for clean energy is a major concern for developing countries who play host for the close to 80 % of the global population targeting in SDP 7 targets. Therefore, economic sustainability of the energy transition is of critical importance. Decentralized generation provide numerous economic opportunities besides increasing access to clean energy for remote and off grid communities. This paper aims to develop the understanding of the relative economic value of the various energy options available for decentralized generation. The study compares the economic impacts of energy sources to help in identifying energy sources that will leave the highest positive economic impacts and limited financial cost. The findings of this study are valuable to energy and generation planners and policy makers in policy formulation and development a cost effective energy mixes. Clean, renewable, and affordable energy is a requirement for improved social, economic, and environmental health , which leads to sustainable modern energy and electricity services. The global concerns over greenhouse gas emissions and climate change as well as the need to electrify close to 750 million people with no access to reliable electricity are the main drivers of the current interest in decentralized generation. This generation offers multiple benefits like wider exploitation of local energy resources, reduced transmission and distribution costs as well as losses, higher power system resilience, higher efficiency, and democratisation of the electricity sector. However, high upfront costs and electricity costs can make decentralise generation financially unattractive to consumers and investors. The assimilation of low-cost and highly available low carbon energy sources will contribute to the attainment of the sustainable development goals particularly goal number 1 (SDG1) on poverty alleviation and goal number 7 on access to modern clean energy resources (SDG 7). The economic considerations for different decentralized energy sources was undertaken based on job creation potential, price of energy resources, levelized coat of power, demonstrate the relative economic competitiveness of energy options for decentralized power systems. The study showed that the noncombustible renewables are freely supplied by nature and hence have the lowest operation costs. By having the lowest levelized cost of power compared with fossil fuels , the renewable are more cost competitive on lifecycle basis, additionally renewables led by solar energy have the highest job creation potential. The fossil fuel sources have higher flexibility indicators like lowest ramp time and minimum run time making them ideal source of stabilizing power together with hydropower in the energy mix. Truly sustainable plans in decentralized generation should be based on real local based conditions where credible and site-specific data and information is available as opposed to the use of globalised data adopted in this study. Therefore, the findings of this study ought to be subjected to further review based on local data and realities of specific locations and countries for more reliable and accurate planning. This study demonstrated that distributed and decentralized generation is a power tool for the realisation of all the sustainable development especially in developing countries.
Nataliia Levchenko, Serhii Levchenko, State Tax Service
The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of the mechanism for tokenizing Guarantees of Origin (GoO) of electricity and its impact on the development of the «green» transformation of energy sector enterprises. The conceptual and technological aspects of tokenization have been examined, including the application of blockchain technologies, smart contracts, and digital assets in the form of non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Particular attention has been paid to identifying the key attributes of tokens that ensure their transparency, security, and uniqueness, as well as to the integration of the tokenization mechanism into the financial, economic, and regulatory infrastructure of the energy market. The main factors shaping the demand for GoO tokens have been analyzed, among which the most significant are political regulations and state incentives, including the establishment of mandatory quotas for the use of «green» energy, the provision of tax benefits for enterprises compensating their emissions, and the imposition of penalties for exceeding environmental standards. An assessment of the economic feasibility of tokenization, potential risks, and possible benefits for producers of «green» electricity, consumers, and investors has been carried out. It has been determined that the economic activity of polluting enterprises directly affects their willingness to invest in tokens, since during periods of increased production and profitability, enterprises have more resources to participate in emission compensation mechanisms, whereas in crisis periods their financial capacities are limited. The development of a secondary market for digital assets contributes to token liquidity, the formation of market prices, and the creation of conditions for the effective functioning of a financial-ecological ecosystem, thereby promoting the further development of low-carbon electricity generation. Based on the results of the study, conclusions have been drawn regarding the role of tokenization as a tool for stimulating decarbonization, enhancing the liquidity of «green» assets, and creating a transparent financial-ecological ecosystem. Recommendations have been formulated for optimizing the GoO tokenization mechanism, improving its efficiency, and promoting the development of the low-carbon energy sector, ensuring a balance between environmental objectives, economic feasibility, and the interests of market participants.
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Mykola O. Kyzym, Yevhen I. Kotliarov, Viktoriia Ye. Khaustova
The article is aimed at defining the main tendencies in the development of centralized heat supply in Ukraine. Objective prerequisites for the use of centralized heating sources, as well as levels of development of heat supply systems of settlements are identified. It is determined that the development of heat supply systems largely depends on climatic conditions and the climatic characteristics of certain cities of Ukraine are considered. The main stages of construction of district heating systems in localities of Ukraine are formed. Types of heat supply of cities of Ukraine are identified. The genesis of development of heat generation and heat supply processes in Ukraine is researched. The peculiarities of formation of the national legislative framework for regulation of issues on production and consumption of heat energy are analyzed. The provisions of the Concept for the implementation of the State policy in the sphere of heat supply are analyzed. Based on the carried out analysis, it is determined the following: firstly, the imbalance of financial capabilities and needs for financing investment projects of heat supplying enterprises, as well as a shortage of investment resources, which requires careful substantiation of investment programs, directions and order of modernization and reconstruction of available capacities; secondly, shifting the focus to the powers of local authorities (through decentralization of public administration), which received broad powers to license and set tariffs for heat energy, but at the same time received a wider range of obligations to maintain heat supply systems in working condition; thirdly, the lack of medium- and long-term planning for the development of heat supply systems in localities, which largely explains the current state of the heat supply sector. It is substantiated that such features of the current state of heat supply in Ukraine require the development of new approaches to planning and implementation of works on organizational-technological modernization of heat supply in conditions of limited financial resources.