Ethereum sebagai platform smart contract banyak digunakan untuk dApps, namun Ethereum (Layer 1) masih menghadapi kendala skalabilitas ketika aktivitas transaksi meningkat, yang berdampak pada kemacetan jaringan, naiknya latensi, dan biaya transaksi yang tinggi. Makalah ini menyajikan kajian literatur yang berfokus pada rollups sebagai solusi utama Ethereum Layer 2 untuk mengurangi beban pemrosesan transaksi pada Layer 1. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review terarah dengan sintesis tematik terhadap literatur yang membahas: sumber masalah skalabilitas di Ethereum Layer 1, konsep dan arsitektur rollups, perbedaan Optimistic Rollups dan Zero-Knowledge Rollups, serta tantangan implementasi rollups pada kondisi nyata. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa rollups menjadi pendekatan dominan karena menggabungkan transaksi dalam batch untuk diproses di Layer 2, lalu melaporkan ringkasan/bukti ke Layer 1 sehingga efisiensi biaya dan kapasitas transaksi meningkat. Namun, efektivitas rollups bergantung pada aspek operasional dan keamanan seperti ketersediaan data, mekanisme penarikan dana, serta risiko ketergantungan pada operator/penyedia infrastruktur. Secara keseluruhan, rollups efektif sebagai solusi skalabilitas Ethereum, tetapi memerlukan penguatan desain keamanan dan keandalan operasional agar dapat diadopsi lebih luas.
Abstrak. Perkembangan decentralized finance (DeFi) mendorong perubahan signifikan dalam layanan keuangan berbasis blockchain, termasuk pada platform Jupiter Swap di jaringan Solana. Meskipun menawarkan efisiensi dan transparansi, sistem DeFi memiliki risiko keamanan yang tinggi akibat sifatnya yang terdesentralisasi dan kompleks. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keamanan dan tata kelola sistem informasi pada Jupiter Swap menggunakan framework COBIT 2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui observasi sistem, studi literatur, serta analisis menggunakan COBIT 2019 Design Toolkit yang mencakup enterprise strategy, enterprise goals, dan IT risk profile. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem memiliki orientasi kuat pada inovasi dan transformasi digital, dengan dominasi domain BAI dan APO dalam tata kelola. Namun, profil risiko menunjukkan tingkat eksposur yang tinggi terhadap serangan siber, kesalahan pengguna, dan ketergantungan pada pihak ketiga. Selain itu, terdapat kesenjangan antara kondisi saat ini dan target capability level, terutama pada aspek keamanan dan pengelolaan perubahan sistem. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan COBIT 2019 dapat membantu mengevaluasi dan meningkatkan tata kelola sistem DeFi secara lebih terstruktur dan adaptif. Abstract. The development of decentralized finance (DeFi) has significantly transformed blockchain-based financial services, including the Jupiter Swap platform on the Solana network. Despite offering efficiency and transparency, DeFi systems present high security risks due to their decentralized and complex nature. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the security and information system governance of Jupiter Swap using the COBIT 2019 framework. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through system observation, literature review, and analysis using the COBIT 2019 Design Toolkit, including enterprise strategy, enterprise goals, and IT risk profile. The results indicate that the system strongly emphasizes innovation and digital transformation, with governance dominated by the BAI and APO domains. However, the risk profile reveals high exposure to cyber attacks, user errors, and third-party dependencies. Additionally, a gap exists between the current condition and the target capability level, particularly in security and system change management. This study demonstrates that COBIT 2019 can be effectively applied to evaluate and improve governance in DeFi systems in a structured and adaptive manner.
In the digitally connected era, travel planning is increasingly hindered by the fragmentation of platforms used for destination discovery, accommodation booking, and experience sharing, forcing travelers to switch between multiple applications and leading to inefficiency, inconsistent information, and reduced satisfaction. To overcome this challenge, TripTale is introduced as an integrated web-based platform that unifies travel discovery, booking, and social interaction within a single ecosystem. The system enables users to explore destinations by selecting their country, state, and district, providing curated lists of tourist attractions with detailed highlights, cultural significance, and local specialties. By leveraging location-based services and interactive mapping, TripTale delivers real-time recommendations for nearby hotels, cafes, and lodges, allowing users to complete reservations directly within the platform. In addition to planning and booking, TripTale incorporates social networking features that allow travelers to upload photos, write reviews, and share travel tips, fostering a collaborative community and improving information reliability through shared experiences. A distinctive feature of TripTale is the integration of blockchain technology to authenticate and preserve travel memories. Users can convert their journeys into Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), ensuring secure, tamper- proof, and verifiable ownership of their digital experiences, thereby transforming personal travel records into collectible digital assets. The platform is implemented using HTML5, Tailwind CSS, and JavaScript for the frontend, while FastAPI and Supabase manage backend services such as authentication, data storage, and real-time updates. Cloud deployment on Vercel and Render ensures high availability and scalability, while integration with Google Maps API enables dynamic navigation and location intelligence. By combining modern web technologies, blockchain innovation, and user-centered design, TripTale provides a comprehensive and future- ready solution that simplifies travel planning, enhances user engagement, and preserves valuable travel experiences in a secure digital environment.
The rapid growth of the metaverse which is a virtual space that integrates augmentedreality, virtual reality, and blockchain technologies brought immense economicopportunities and challenges across the world. While developed nations increasinglyposition to leverage these opportunities, developing countries like Nigeria may faceunique obstacles in utilising the metaverse technology. It is in this regard, that thisstudy examines the legal and regulatory issues as it concerns the economic challengesposed by the metaverse in Nigeria's economy, indicating how regulatory gaps,infrastructure limitations, and inadequate legal frameworks can serve to impacteconomic participation in the growth of virtual spaces. Concerning this, the study willemploy the use of doctrinal methods of study, relying on primary and secondarysources of research materials. The data obtained from these sources were analysedusing a descriptive and analytical method of study. The study found that the conceptof metaverse has gained global recognition, and it could aid in the development of theNigerian economy. The study further found that several legal and social issues mayarise in utilising the metaverse concept in the Nigerian economy. Given the review ofcurrent legislation on virtual assets, decentralized finance, and immersive digitalinteractions, these challenges include data privacy, digital property rights, taxation,consumer protection, and cybersecurity. Hence, the study, therefore, concludes andrecommends that there is a need for Nigeria to implement a decent regulatoryapproach, considering both rights and interests when operating its economy throughmetaverse technology and economically maximizing the opportunities the metaversetechnology presents to Nigeria.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membangun aplikasi pengelolaan sertifikat digital berbasis Non-Fungible Token (NFT) pada jaringan blockchain Solana. Aplikasi ini memungkinkan pengguna untuk membuat, memverifikasi, dan mentransfer sertifikat dalam bentuk NFT yang aman dan terdesentralisasi. Pengujian dilakukan dalam dua aspek utama: fungsional dan performa. Hasil pengujian fungsional menunjukkan tingkat keberhasilan 100%, yang mengindikasikan bahwa seluruh fitur utama aplikasi berjalan sesuai ekspektasi. Dari sisi performa, pembuatan NFT membutuhkan waktu rata-rata 29 detik dengan biaya 0.00008 SOL, verifikasi NFT berlangsung sangat cepat dalam 1.5 detik tanpa biaya, dan transfer NFT memakan waktu 19 detik dengan biaya yang sama seperti pembuatan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi mampu menjalankan fungsinya secara efisien dan ekonomis di atas jaringan Solana. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pemanfaatan teknologi blockchain untuk pengelolaan dokumen digital yang transparan dan aman.
With the rapid advancement of information technology, the sharing of educational resources has become an integral component of the modern educational system. However, traditional data elements in educational resources face challenges such as data security, copyright protection, and trust mechanisms. Blockchain technology, as a distributed ledger technology, offers innovative solutions for the sharing of educational resources data elements with its characteristics of immutability, decentralization, and transparency. This paper designs an educational resource sharing platform based on blockchain technology, and experiments have demonstrated that by optimizing the blockchain threshold elimination model, the overall performance of the platform can be enhanced, improving the security of data processing and achieving satisfactory results.
R Mahaveerakannan, Balamanigandan Ramachandran, S. Saraswathi, Dinesh Goyal · 5 authors
This program integrates the use of UAVs and terrestrial nodes to develop a safe and effective communication system which can be utilized for post-disaster management. Furthermore, blockchain technology will also assist in collaboration and security. Communication systems are frequently demolished by natural disasters making it more difficult to provide aid. While UAVs and wireless mesh networks (WMNs) offer considerable support towards resolving them, the greater challenge of ensuring speedy, secure, and discreet communication among multiple organizations still exists. The proposed approach provides supporting ad hoc networks to accommodate large-scale disaster response projects under the name ROSNet. This network will have a place for blockchain technology, terrestrial nodes and UAVs. Alongside a consortium blockchain architecture, smart contracts and cryptographic techniques enable the system to be tailored toward safe collaboration between multiple jurisdictions making it possible Interchangeable communication and wireless mesh networks in control of a Robot Operating System (ROS). At the base station, user interfaces for situational awareness and node optimization are provided alongside a graphical user interface (GUI) while delegated proof-of-stake increases pragmatic Byzantine fault tolerance ratios (DPoS-PBFT) consensus protocol for scalability and network fault tolerance. The use of semi-autonomous ground nodes and UAVs helps increase the connectivity of the system and automates the response operations.
This project presents a decentralized educational platform designed to enhance accessibility and transparency in online learning through blockchain technology. The platform operates on a unique model where courses are purchased as NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens), allowing students to own a digital proof of enrollment while enabling educators to receive full compensation without third-party fees. By leveraging blockchain, the system provides secure, direct transactions and transparent records, mitigating common issues such as transaction delays and profit-sharing costs. The platform architecture is centered around user roles: students, educators, and administrators, each having designated functions to ensure seamless interaction. Blockchain development, frontend design, backend integration, and data management are key areas of focus, each managed by a specialized team member. Additionally, features like secure login, user-friendly interfaces, and responsive classroom access contribute to an intuitive and efficient user experience. This research demonstrates the potential of decentralized solutions in education, offering a cost- effective, accessible, and scalable model that aligns with the evolving demands of digital learning. The platform paves the way for future enhancements, including expanded course offerings and AI-driven personalized learning pathways.
Emerging digital economies are increasingly exploring decentralized infrastructures to expand citizen participation and reduce reliance on a small number of dominant service providers. Indonesia, one of the fastest-growing economies in the global south, has significant potential to integrate Web3 technologies into its national Digital Public Infrastructure. While previous DPI initiatives in countries such as India and Estonia have shown the value of open standards and low-cost digital services, there is limited research on how decentralized systems can support higher level digital functions. This paper examines how real-world asset tokenization can serve as an important DPI component for Indonesia. The study analyzes global initiatives in asset tokenization and decentralized identity systems and evaluates how similar approaches can be adapted to Indonesia's socioeconomic environment. The paper argues that open protocols, standardized APIs, and community operated nodes can create a transparent and interoperable infrastructure for tokenized assets. This approach would allow local communities to participate directly in validating asset information and supporting network operations.
Abstract: Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are digital assets that use online buying and selling methods such as cryptocurrencies and generally use code with basic software. NFTs use galleries as a space to perform activities. NFT galleries serve as a means and infrastructure for artists to show their virtual works to the public non-virtually. In NFT galleries, the order of space and circulation are things that need attention. The temporary conjecture of the arrangement of this gallery space is more to the function of the space and its circulation that forms a round. The purpose of this study is to find out how the order of space and circulation in the NFT gallery is still unfamiliar to the public. The method used in this study uses descriptive qualitative by visiting objects as a data collection method. Keyword: gallery non-fungible token; circulation; room layout.Abstrak: Non-fungible token (NFT) merupakan aset digital yang menggunakan metode jual-beli secara online seperti cryptocurrency dan umumnya menggunakan kode dengan perangkat lunak dasar. NFT menggunakan galeri sebagai ruang dalam melakukan aktivitas. Galeri NFT berfungsi sebagai sarana dan prasarana seniman untuk menunjukkan karya-karya virtual mereka kepada masyarakat secara non-virtual. Pada galeri NFT, tatanan ruang dan sirkulasi adalah hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan. Dugaan sementara dari tatanan ruang galeri ini lebih ke fungsi ruangnya dan sirkulasinya yang membentuk round. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana tatanan ruang dan sirkulasi di dalam galeri NFT yang masih asing di mata masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif dengan mengunjungi objek sebagai metode pengumpulan data.Kata Kunci: galeri non-fungible token; sirkulasi; tatanan ruang.
Muhamad Agil Fachrian, Parman Sukarno, Aulia Arif Wardana
Abstract This research proposes a system to store transaction records from a payment gateway based on digital payments by utilizing blockchain technology and Interplanetary File System (IPFS) as distributed storage. In digital payments, the possibility of online fraud or theft of customer data is a problem that needs to be solved. Although the solution is to use a Payment Gateway with security standards to prevent these problems, the system is still centralized and vulnerable to the possibility of system failure or data changes by irresponsible people. Blockchain furnishes a secure and unalterable record for documenting payment transactions. Conversely, IPFS presents a decentralized and immune-to-censorship approach for storing and accessing data. The usage of these technologies guarantees the secure storage of payment transaction data and related documents (such as invoices and receipts) while effectively thwarting data manipulation or censorship attempts. Therefore, this research aims to build a blockchain technology system to increase security and maintain the integrity of the data generated from the Payment Gateway. This research using distributed data storage using IPFS to save transaction from the payment gateway data. Based on the evaluation and security analysis results, implementing a blockchain technology system to store transaction records from digital-based payment gateways can improve data security and integrity. In the gas fee increase analysis, the gas fee will increase according to the total number of bytes generated when the transaction is made, where each byte will cost 12 gwei to pay the gas fee.
Blockchain is a digital ledger of transactions that is duplicated and spread over the whole network of computer systems on the blockchain, and it is a system of preserving information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to edit or hack. Collecting, identifying, evaluating, analyzing, preserving, and presenting evidence is a difficult task in existing forensics. That's where the blockchain'sdecentralized nature comes into play, with forensic data being stored in the private network using the blockchain's nodes in a peer-to-peer network. Digitalforensics will also be more secure,and the investigation will be more transparent to those on the other side of the jurisdictional border. In the criminal investigation process, information that frequently changes is stored in the hotblockchain, and unchanging data such as videos are stored in the cold blockchain. In this we are using the Ethereum concepts and implementing smart contracts. Keywords - ledger, chain of custody, Hyperledger fabric, forensic.
. Non fungible tokens (NFT) are a new and unique way to make available and preserve an e-book as a digital asset where all transactions are recorded on the Blockchain. NFT appeared in 2017 and increased in popularity by the end of 2021; At first it attracted artists and since then its growth has been exponential; And then applied in various fields. It is in inception for e-books. The objectives of the study were to identify the NFT and shed light on its advantages and disadvantages and its use for books, and to monitor NFT markets for books and analyze the books in them. For this reason, the descriptive approach was relied upon. To describe the phenomenon quantitatively and qualitatively using a book NFT Markets Analysis Checklist. One of the most prominent results of the study was that NFT for books enjoys many advantages, the most important of which is the profits of the secondary market, i.e. reselling the book and profiting from it. While one of the biggest drawbacks of NFT was the use of cryptocurrencies for minting books. And that most of the countries that are considered the headquarters of these markets are the United States of America; that was 44.4%, followed by Spain and Germany. As a result, the primary language of the markets is English. The minting process varies from market to market depending on the Blockchain used, as well as gas fees.
Open access
Innovations and Analysis in Business and Education
There are a huge number of centralized entities that have a stronghold on huge swathes of the sector of the world wide web, taking unilateral action to determine what is and is not permissible. This dilemma is resolved by Web3 which embraces decentralization and is being built, operated, and owned by its users. Web3 places power inside the hands of people rather than agencies. For lovers and customers, NFT (Non-Fungible Token) represents a brand-new era of digital collection. So, it is a new manner to support artists, athletes, and musicians without any third-party intermediaries. For creators, artists, and musicians, NFT is a new manner to share and monetize their work. There were a number of troubles and issues surrounding the sale of digital products because it was very easy to duplicate and claimed through others. Our aim is to provide a decentralized platform to users from which they can list or buy these NFTs from the seller and the transactions between the buyer and seller will not be overlooked by some central authorities.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif, yakni melihat tingkat pemahaman masyarakat Indonesia terhadap NFT dan kepopuleran karya NFT (Non-Fungible Token) melalui analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Semenjak boomingnya karya NFT milik Ghozali Everyday di Indonesia pada tahun 2021, menjadi daya tarik masyarakat Indonesia tentang “Apa itu NFT” dan “Seperti apa karya NFT”. Hal inilah yang menjadikan penulis tertarik untuk mengetahui persepsi estetik karya popular NFT. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : (1) untuk mengetahui karakteristik produk NFT popular di kalangan penggunanya, (2) untuk mengetahui persepsi estetik masyarakat Indonesia dalam melihat popularitas produk NFT. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa; Pertama, hasil analisis estetika karya - karya populer NFT Opensea marketplace, memiliki karakteristik yang mempertimbangkan beberapa hal, yaitu; (a) pemilihan karakter, (b) pengambilan objek gambar, (c) pemilihan gaya, dan (d) nilai guna. Kedua, hasil analisis persepsi masyarakat terhadap Karya – Karya Populer NFT Opensea Marketplace dipengaruhi,oleh, (a) rasa “unik”, (b) media pengantarnya, (c) rasa “estetik”, (d) lingkungan (situasi dan kondisi disekitarnya). Diharapkan melalui penelitian ini, dapat membantu dalam melihat kondisi masyarakat Indonesia tentang fenomena yang muncul dalam masyarakat, khususnya mengenai NFT (non-fungble token) sehingga dapat dijadikan referensi pada civitas akademika ataupun pengguna atau pemerhati seni yang memiliki minat pada produk NFT.
Non-Fungible Token (NFT) is a blockchain-based token that securely maps copyright ownership to digital assets, these digital assets exist on the blockchain network which have identification codes and metadata that are unique and different from each other (one-of-the-kind). . It can also be interpreted as a digital asset that represents a variety of assets that are considered unique. NFTs can be traded for digital assets (images, music, videos, virtual creations) where ownership is recorded in a smart contract on the blockchain. One of the difficulties faced is that it takes a very long time for NFT creators to create a large number of works of art in a short time. To make it easier for creators to create NFT images, Daniel Eugene Botha, or better known as Hashlips, created a Hashlips Art Engine algorithm that can be used to create many different NFT images based on the layers provided using the canvas API and node.js. The hashlips algorithm also generates metadata as an important role in the mechanism for searching and exchanging NFT data and measuring the percentage of rarity in the resulting image. In addition, this study also shows the time required to create NFT images.
As one of the three basic elements of language, vocabulary is particularly important when learning English. Nowadays, many students are faced with problems such as boring vocabulary teaching, forgetting quickly after reciting, inefficient vocabulary learning, and lack of initiative. Therefore, it is imperative to seek a scientific and effective teaching mode to improve students’ vocabulary achievement. It builds an adaptive learning model of English vocabulary based on blockchain and deep learning, and tests the model. According to the experimental data, 46.8% of the learners will often read English newspapers or magazines to expand their English vocabulary. 50.4% of the students classified and memorized English vocabulary according to different categories. 59% of students often use context to memorize English vocabulary. The results show that before using the English vocabulary adaptive learning model based on blockchain and moderate learning, the average score of students’ methods and strategies is in the middle and lower levels. After using the adaptive learning model, some students have been able to use some learning strategies, and a small number of students have expanded their vocabulary through extracurricular reading.
In order to solve the problem of adding artificial intelligence and blockchain technology to education, the purpose of meeting the needs of combining artificial intelligence and blockchain technology with modern education is to make up for the lack of artificial intelligence in modern education, improve students’ interest in learning, and cultivate high-quality students. Through practice and analysis in a chemistry class in an experimental school, samples were taken from 821 students in the third grade parallel class, and 39 teachers taught students in accordance with their aptitude; finally, from the average score statistics of the first and second inspections, it can be seen that the intelligent classroom teaching of chemistry has a certain effect on improving the average score of students in parallel classes in grade three.
The increasing maturity of Internet information technology has led to the rapid rise of blockchain technology. In essence, a blockchain is a shared database. In recent years, blockchain technology has attracted the attention of the public and society. With the continuous development of the market economy, many domestic enterprises have grown in size. At the same time, companies are also faced with various risks, and business risks will have a great impact on the company's production. This article aims to prevent the business risk of Internet information security platform enterprises based on blockchain technology. Through the PoS algorithm, PoW algorithm, secure hash algorithm, and the principle of direct trust, the Internet information security platform is designed. Firstly, the platform is used for a business risk test with a small company, and the platform satisfaction survey is conducted on the employees of the company. The test results show that the subplatform design reduces the business risk of the company by 5%-10%, and employee satisfaction is high. The signature simulation of this algorithm under the same conditions as the SMRA and RSAR methods is also carried out. The results show that the performance of this algorithm is better. This study opens up a new path for small and medium-sized enterprises to prevent business risks.
Abstract The recycling paper industry has a good potential market. The industry used recycled paper such as Old Corrugated Containers (OCC), Old Newspaper (ONP), mixed waste paper, and Sorted White Ledger (SWL) as raw material. In Indonesia, commonly, the industry got the raw material of about 50% by importing. The government provides regulation to ensure the sustainability of the industrial activity, that is the process of importing recycled paper and internal regulation to increase local raw materials. The objectives of the research were to study the chosen raw material for the recycling paper industry and to analyze the positioning strategy of consumption raw material for the recycling paper industry in Indonesia. This research used a qualitative description method by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Strength Weakness Opportunities Threat (SWOT) analysis. The data were obtained from a questionnaire distributed to the paper industry, paper researcher, and relevant agencies. Based on AHP, the strength criteria to choose raw material is the regulation and availability of raw material with values 0.323 and 0.243; and the alternative chosen is recycled paper raw material import. The result of SWOT analysis, the recycling paper industry in Indonesia, has an Internal Factor Analysis Strategy (IFAS) 0.05, and an External Factor Analysis Strategy (EFAS) - 0.03. That showed from SWOT quadrant matrix, the position coordinate point of IFAS and EFAS in quadrant II. That means the positioning strategy is diversification. The government, recycling paper industry, and relevant agencies to corporate to increase the collecting rate of recycled paper.
In the area of cloud computing, data deduplication enables the cloud server to store a single copy of data by eliminating redundant files to improve storage and network efficiency. Proof-of-ownership (PoW) is a cryptographic function that verifies the user who really owns the data. Most of the existing schemes have tried to solve the deduplication problem by providing the same encryption key for identical data. However, these schemes suffer from dynamic changes in ownership management. In this paper, we propose an in-line block matching (IBM) protocol based on zero-knowledge proof for deduplication with dynamic ownership management, which eliminates the unauthorized access of sensitive data. In this proposed work, for a new file, the uploader randomly chooses a file encryption key and encrypts the file. The user also computes a unique proof for the uploaded file by dividing the file into number of blocks and stores this proof to the cloud server. The cloud server computes the group key for the ciphertext and re-encrypts it using this group key. The cloud server also does the proof verification against the subsequent uploader for an existing file. The cloud server is honest-but-curious, so the proposed scheme confirms that the cloud server does not know any information about file encryption key even though it plays a proxy role. The result shows that our proposed scheme protects the data from both cloud server and adversaries. Also, the computational cost is comparatively less than other existing schemes.
Muhammad Fajar Sidiq, Akbari Indra Basuki, Halim Firdaus, Muhammad Aldi Baihaqi
Pengawasan jaringan pada beberapa kantor yang berlokasi berjauhan sangat sulit dilakukan kerana keterbatasan tenaga ahli, biaya, dan teknologi pendukung. Penelitian yang sudah ada tidak dapat menyediakan sistem pengawasan jaringan yang mampu menjamin tiga aspek keamanan sekaligus, yaitu: availability, integrity, dan confidentiality. Teknologi blockchain mampu menyediakan sistem pengawasan jaringan secara terpusat dan aman dengan menjamin keamanan sistem komunikasi pelaporan dan sistem basis data pelaporan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan purwarupa sistem pengawasan konfigurasi dan statistik jaringan menggunakan jejaring blockchain Ethereum. Metode pengawasan mengharuskan program controller pada setiap jaringan kantor untuk secara berkala menarik informasi flow-rules dari setiap perangkat jaringan dan melaporkan data tersebut dalam sebuah transaksi ke jejaring blockchain. Pada penelitian ini dianalisa dua jenis skema pengiriman transaksi: transaksi berbasis smart contract dan transaksi berbasis zero-payment. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, transaksi berbasis zero-payment secara rerata hanya membutuhkan sekitar 6 % dari biaya transaksi smart contract. Perkiraan biaya bulanan untuk pensamplingan informasi setiap 10 menit adalah sekitar 1,19 ether per-perangkat jaringan. Meskipun demikian, metode pada penelitian ini lebih sesuai untuk diterapkan pada jejaring Ethereum jenis Proof-of-Authority (PoA) dibandingkan jenis Proof-of-Work (PoW) karena harga Ether yang mahal. AbstractCentralized monitoring of remote networks is hard to implement due to the high cost, lack of experts, and the missing key technologies. The existing researches are unable to provide a secure, centralized monitoring system that satisfies three security aspects, namely: availability, integrity, and confidentiality. Blockchain technology meets those three requirements by providing a reliable reporting and immutable database system. In this paper, we proposed a prototype of a centralized monitoring system that records network statistics and configurations into the blockchain ledger. The method requires the network controller to periodically fetch network information from every network device and submit it as a single blockchain transaction. We compare two kinds of transaction schema, smart-contract based and zero-payment based reporting schemes. The evaluations show that zero-payment transactions only cost 6 % of the smart-contract transactions. The estimation of the monthly cost is 1.19 ether per-device for 10-minutes data sampling. Nevertheless, the proposed method is applicable only for the Proof-of-Authority (PoA) Ethereum networks. It is not feasible for the Ethereum main network that uses Proof-of-Work (PoW) due to the high cost of Ether.
The development of global tourism has put forward new requirements for the construction of smart tourism. More and more travel-related data have reached the level of TB or even PB, which has brought great difficulties to tourism management. This article explores the use of big data technologies such as genetic algorithms to explore massive travel data and establish a comprehensive tourism information service platform for governments, enterprises, tourists, and scientific research institutions. The overall design of an industrial information service platform based on big tourist data is proposed. The overall function, data source, data standard, and application scope of the platform are all focused on. The traceability and nontampering of blockchain technology can also help passengers retain and verify their identity information. From the perspective of the design goals of the system, in general, the time required for repeated authentication will greatly reduce air ticket bookings, accommodation reservations, and bill verification, and improving efficiency is the only way to establish a “trust ecology.” Architecture design, distributed architecture, and intelligent service design, as well as the key implementation technology of service platform construction, route recommendation algorithm and tourism information big data mining, research and analysis on the construction of tourism information intelligent service.