Blockchain Papers

Галина Вікторівна Марчук, Vitalii Levkivskyi, Alex Kuzmenko, Дмитро Костянтинович Марчук · 5 authors

Blockchain technology and the cryptocurrency market are developing and spreading quite dynamically and thus attract a lot of attention.The technology innovation of blockchain is that information about transactions is no longer stored in a centralized database, but is transferred to the computers of all network participants, who store the data locally.Bitcoin was the first application based on blockchain technology.In recent years, it has been the basis for the creation of other blockchain applications, most of which are currently being developed in the financial sector.In fact, blockchain technology is a universal way of storing and processing information in almost any field of activity.The paper analyzes the Ethereum and Fantom platforms.It was determined that Ethereum demonstrates greater flexibility, scalability and speed, allowing the use of various electronic wallets.The platform introduced the concept of smart contracts.Programming languages for writing smart contracts were analyzed and Solidity language was selected for various use cases including decentralized finance, NFTs and wallets.In working with the blockchain, liquidity issues often appear, which have been solved and described.An analysis of methods and means of implementing blockchain technology to create a platform for processing credit and deposit operations is the result of our work.Blockchain technology opens up a huge range of possibilities, starting with money transfers and payments, ending with smart contracts and reconciliation of documents.It is worth noting that blockchain technology has a number of questions related to insufficient study, understanding of technical implementation, and flexibility.

Iryna Tsuniak

843XОСОБЛИВОСТІ УКЛАДЕННЯ ТА ПРИПИНЕННЯ ФОРВАРДНИХ СМАРТ

Roland Fray, T. O. Sheikh

Beginning students in algebra classes have little experience and struggle to write proofs. The aim of this study was to look at students’ use of definitions in determining the validity of statements and in writing proofs for given propositions on divisibility of integers. The main objectives were to highlight the difficulties students have with proofs and suggest strategies to help them in writing proofs. In the first part of the study the class was given the definition of divisibility and problems were set to which written responses were obtained. In the second part of the study, divisibility problems were set and students were guided through their proofs using dialogue. The final set of tasks involved skeleton proofs to support the writing of proofs. We found that all the students had difficulties with problems involving generalised variables as opposed to numerical tasks. There was conflict between the new definition and preconceptions and prior knowledge. Students had language problems, problems of division by zero, and were reluctant to use proof by counter-example or contradiction when no direct proof was possible. The implications are that new definitions must be introduced carefully, using a wide range of examples and appropriate prompts. Dialogue and skeleton proofs are two strategies that can be used to improve students’ understanding of proofs.