Development of Centralization and Decentralization Political Policy Changes in the socio-political atmosphere in Indonesia that emerged, as well as the economic crisis then developed into a socio-political crisis had implications for changes in various fields, including the field of education The issue of centralization and decentralization, which had previously been raised as an effort to empower the regions, has become stronger. Driven by the atmosphere of state political change, it is increasingly believed that one of the important efforts that must be made in improving the quality of education is to empower schools through MBS (School Based Management), which essentially provides authority and delegation of authority (delegation of authority) to schools to make improvements and quality continuous improvement. The approach in this research is qualitative with the type of case study research, data collection techniques through observation, interviews, documentation. The results of the research The method used in system development is the iteration method where the work of a stage can be done repeatedly and if there are errors it can be corrected immediately, the stages of the iteration method are: Survey, Analysis, Design, Creation, Implementation, Maintenance. The results of this study can be concluded that the financing available at SD Negeri 2 Cikalong School only relies on BOS funds from the government. The allocation of funds is used to meet the National Education Standards. The obstacles that exist in financing education at SD Negeri 2 Cikalong are the limited funds received from the government.
Decentralization of education management is essentially the authority of the central government to provide full abundance to regional governments, to manage their own households in all matters. The affairs in question are about all matters related to education management. All matters of abundance are given to regional autonomy, unless there are certain affairs which are still part of government affairs, or the right of the government itself to manage everything. The scope of education management is one that is related to various parties and is multidisciplinary. These multidisciplinary disciplines include management of education and educational staff, in addition to student management and curriculum management, financing management, facilities and infrastructure management, school management, principal management and community relations management. Everything is related to one another so that the decentralization of education management is implemented properly. This scope is also still divided into several sections, among which there is scope according to work area. Where, within this scope management is divided into several classes including management of the whole country, management of one province, management of one work unit and class management. Next, there is scope according to cultivated objects, including student management, education personnel management, management of facilities and infrastructure, administrative management, and financing management, and finally there is scope related to activity functions where this relates to planning, organizing, directing , coordinate, communicate, and monitor or evaluate. The process of processing the scope in the decentralization of education certainly has many obstacles. To see the success of the scope of decentralization of education management, this research seeks quantitative data, which collects data, analyzes and provides conclusions about the success of the scope of decentralization of education.
Regional Autonomy in the reform era along with changes in legislation regarding the management of the education financing system has had a serious impact on the education system that was initially centralizedto decentralized. This change has a positive impact on the region in the management of education, especially financing in the process of advancing education in each region, especially Islamic education. Because the needs of each region differ in conditions and problems, the central government provides a mandatory through the basic law in Law No. 22 of 1999 concerning regional government and Law No. 25 of 1999 concerning financial balance between the central government and the regions, which was later revised to Law No. 32 of 2004 concerning regional government and Law No. 33 of 2004, namely the regulation of two new regional revenue sources, namely regional balance funds and loans. With the decentralization of central authority to the regions means that a region is given the opportunity to recognize and find solutions to the problems of the region in advancing Islamic education.
This article aims to describe and analyze an idea of decentralization of education based on local excellence through the implementation of school-based management in SMK N 1 Pesisir Tengah. The results of this research showed that the implementation of school-based management in SMK N 1 Pesisir Tengah has not been going well. This can be seen from yet successful implementation of decentralization functions by the Ministry of National Education to the school. Such as planning and program evaluation, management of curriculum, the management of equipment and supplies, Management of curriculum, teaching process management functions, management of financial, the school and community relations. From several functions that have not run optimally which mentioned above, SMK N 1 Pesisir Tengah is good enough in carrying out the functions workforce management, student services and the management of school climate. Meanwhile, community participation in the educational practices at SMK N 1 Pesisir Tengah only visible on the financing of honorary staff. Keywords : School-Based Management, School Autonomy, Public Participation