The development of madrasahs and Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia has increasingly required policy approaches capable of balancing educational modernization with the preservation of Islamic traditions. However, limited studies have examined this development from the perspective of Charles E. Lindblom's incrementalism theory. This study aimed to analyze how incremental policy characterizes the contemporary development of madrasahs and Islamic boarding schools and to identify the factors influencing the incremental policy process within these Islamic educational institutions. The research employed a qualitative library research design using official government policy documents, scholarly books, peer-reviewed journal articles, and other relevant academic publications as primary data sources. Data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis involving data reduction, thematic categorization, interpretation, and source triangulation. The findings reveal that the development of madrasahs and Islamic boarding schools consistently follows an incremental policy trajectory characterized by gradual improvements in educational regulations, curriculum and learning systems, teacher professional development, institutional governance, and educational financing. The study also demonstrates that institutional leadership, organizational capacity, government support, educational decentralization, socio-cultural values, political commitment, bureaucratic coordination, digital transformation, and globalization collectively influence the continuity of incremental policy development. These findings confirm the continued relevance of Lindblom's incrementalism theory in explaining policy change within Islamic education and suggest that gradual policy adaptation provides an effective mechanism for maintaining institutional stability while encouraging sustainable educational innovation. The study contributes to both public policy and Islamic education literature by offering a comprehensive conceptual understanding of incremental policy development in contemporary Islamic educational institutions.
The rapid development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) and Web3 has catalyzed digital transformation in the education sector through the convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the metaverse. However, most existing initiatives remain isolated and passive, lacking adaptive learning capabilities. These initiatives also face cross-platform interoperability constraints, cybersickness, gaps in educator readiness, and ethical concerns regarding biometric data privacy. In view of this, this study was conducted with the objective of constructing an integrated conceptual framework, Edu-AIMeta, that links technological dimensions with learning theories, critically analyzing implementation challenges, and proposing sustainable cyber-governance strategies. To achieve these goals, this study employs a conceptual-integrated literature review design by critically analyzing and synthesizing theoretical perspectives from 22 articles published between 2022 and 2026 across the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases. The research findings outline three primary dimensions of integration success: the AI cognitive engine, the spatial metaverse environment, and user adoption and competence, particularly among Generation Z students and educators. Moving forward, this paper recommends the development of an inclusive meta-governance framework through the implementation of open-source standards, the formulation of ethical guidelines for biometric data protection, and the provision of structured immersive pedagogical training programs to ensure an equitable, secure, and sustainable future educational ecosystem.
Effective management of education funding is crucial to ensuring the quality and sustainability of education, particularly in secondary schools, which often face significant financial challenges. This study aims to understand the meaning of technical and allocative efficiency in education funding in secondary schools in the era of decentralization. Using a qualitative approach, the study explores the experiences, perceptions, and strategies of school stakeholders including principals, teachers, and financial managers in managing educational resources. Data .were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis, then analyzed thematically to uncover emerging patterns and meanings. The results indicate that technical efficiency is understood as a school's ability to maximize the use of funds to support effective teaching and learning, while allocative efficiency is defined as the alignment of budget distribution with educational priority needs and the local context. The era of decentralization provides space for schools to be more independent in decision making, but also poses challenges in maintaining a balance between resource constraints and demands for quality improvement. These findings emphasize the importance of managerial capacity and transparency in education funding and provide implications for policies that promote accountability and equitable access to education at the regional level.
Educational financing is a vital component of the education system that plays a significant role in ensuring equitable access, improving quality, and enhancing the efficiency of educational implementation. This study examines various education financing models implemented in Indonesia, ranging from government and community-based sources to philanthropic and social solidarity alternatives such as ta’awun funds. The purpose of this article is to explore and analyze the models of education financing. The method used is a literature review by collecting information from various sources relevant to the topic. The results indicate that Indonesia applies a mixed financing system, which is a modification of several international models, such as the Power Equalizing model, the Foundation Plan, and direct subsidy schemes like the School Operational Assistance (BOS). Previous studies emphasize the importance of careful planning, strong supervision, and accountability in managing education funds. Furthermore, the decentralization of education requires synergy between the central and local governments to ensure effective budget utilization. In conclusion, no single model is entirely ideal; therefore, a combination of models that are adaptive to the socio-economic conditions of each region, while considering the principles of equity, efficiency, and sustainability, is necessary. With effective financing, education in Indonesia is expected to become a key driver of human resource development and national progress.
The Merdeka Belajar – Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) policy issued by the Ministry of Education and Culture opens up great opportunities for universities to create graduates who are competent and competitive. The MBKM program gives students the right to take part in learning outside the department or university with the equivalent or conversion of credits. However, the Director General of the Ministry of Education and Culture, Research, Technology and Higher Education, highlighted that there are still many universities that have not provided proper grade conversion rights to students (Kemendikbud, 2022). The Kastrat BEM FMIPA UNEJ team found that 93.7% of students who had taken MBKM were worried because they had to retake credits that had not been converted (Kastrat BEM FMIPA UNEJ, 2022). Through SWOT analysis, this research provides an idea solution in the form of an Artificial Intelligence-based Smart Contract as a value conversion platform for the MBKM program to make it easier for departments to convert student grades according to their needs and core competencies.
Cryptocurrency is in great demand as an investment medium to gain financial benefits. A common problem that is often faced is how to predict the movement of the value of electronic money in the future. Investors/traders usually only see price movements and buy/sell Cryptocurrency assets intuitively, so mistakes often occur in making transactions. To anticipate and minimize this, you can use an algorithm that can help predict Cryptocurrency price movements. Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is a development method of a simple feedforward neural network using one hidden layer or commonly known as Single Hidden Layer Feedforward Neural NetworksTesting is done by doing several trials for each percentage value, namely 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%. Tests were carried out using the binary sigmoid activation function, the number of hidden neurons was 20 and the weight range was [-1,1]. The best prediction results using MAPE are generated on Bitcoin data with the smallest error value of 2.8590% Keywords: Cryptocurrency; Investation; Extreme Learning Machine ; Prediction  Abstrak Cryptocurrency banyak diminati untuk menjadi media investasi dalam meraih keuntungan finansial. Masalah umum yang sering dihadapi adalah bagaimana meramalkan pergerakan nilai dari uang elektronik pada masa mendatan. Investor/ trader biasanya hanya melihat pergerakan harga dan melakukan jual/beli aset Cryptocurrency secara intuitif, sehingga sering terjadi salah dalam melakukan transaksi. Untuk mengantisipasi dan meminimalisir hal tersebut maka dapat menggunakan sebuah algoritme yang dapat membantu dalam meramalkan pergerakan harga Cryptocurrency . Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) merupakan metode pengembangan dari jaringan syaraf tiruan feedforward sederhana dengan menggunakan satu hidden layer atau biasa dikenal dengan Single Hidden Layer Feedforward Neural Networks . Pengujian dilakukan dengan melakukan beberapa kali percobaan untuk setiap nilai persentase yaitu 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan fungsi aktivasi sigmoid biner, jumlah hidden neuron 20 serta rentang bobot [-1,1]. Hasil prediksi terbaik menggunakan MAPE dihasilkan pada data Bitcoin dengan nilai kesalahan terkecil yaitu 2.8590% Kata Kunci: Cryptocurrency; Investasi; Extreme Learning Machine ; Prediksi
Banyak perbaikan untuk membantu proses pembelajaran telah dikembangkan oleh kemajuan teknologi dalam pendidikan. Perguruan tinggi sangat perlu mengembangkan kompetensi digitalnya, yang dapat dicapai dengan menggunakan beragam perangkat pembelajaran. Namun, banyak mahasiswa dari universitas lain masih kekurangan kompetensi digital yang diperlukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik survei yang akan dihitung secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan Skala Likert. Arsitektur sistem manajemen pendidikan kooperatif ini memanfaatkan penyimpanan cloud berbasis blockchain untuk Integrasi E-Portofolio. Proses Blockchain akan berguna sebagai landasan teori bagi para peneliti yang akan memulai penelitian tentang teknologi Blockchain untuk pendidikan digital sehingga tantangan dalam penelitian ini dapat diselesaikan dan hasil kompetensi digital jelas dan tidak dapat disangkal. Student-Centered iLearning Blockchain (SCi-B) dengan E-Portfolio didukung oleh teknologi Blockchain, yang mungkin sesuai dengan kebutuhan universitas dan meningkatkan pendidikan kooperatif pada kompetensi digital, menurut temuan penelitian.
Riza Desriandi, Joni Indra Wandi, Rhona Sandra, Erda Fitriani · 7 authors
This study aims to compare Indonesian and Japanese education by using five indicators, namely the purpose of education, education management, education budget, education personnel, and salaries, as well as the learning evaluation process. The education system according to the National Education System Law No. 20/2003 it is stated that the National Education System is all components of education that are interrelated in an integrated manner to achieve national education goals. This research is based on a literature study by looking for theoretical references that are relevant to the cases or problems found. The results of this study According to Law No. 20 concerning "the National Education System" Chapter 1 General Provisions Article 1 paragraph 8 explains that the stages of education that have been determined are based on the level of development of students, the goals to be achieved and the abilities developed. The law explains that formal education in Indonesia consists of primary education, secondary education, and higher education. The financing of the education system in Indonesia is influenced by government policies. There are two financing systems, namely centralized and decentralized.
Indonesia saat ini sedang mencari metode mutakhir untuk melindungi Ijazah dan Kekayaan Intelektual seperti Transkrip Nilai dari pemalsuan. Ini dilakukan karena adanya oknum pemalsu dokumen, ada beberapa contoh yang didokumentasikan. Salah satu cara menggunakan transkrip palsu adalah untuk mendaftarkan diri ke sekolah yang bagus dan mendapatkan promosi di tempat kerja. Blockchain adalah teknologi baru yang diklaim mampu menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Sifat teknologi blockchain yang aman, tidak dapat diubah, terdistribusi, dan tentunya transparan yang dimana memenuhi persyaratan untuk dokumen yang di transkrip. Blockchain digunakan untuk membangun intervensi baru untuk meningkatkan proses pendidikan tinggi. cara-cara yang berlaku untuk berbagi, menyampaikan dan mengamankan data pengetahuan dan catatan pribadi para mahasiswa/i. Penerapan teknologi Blockchain membawa kemajuan konseptual dalam sektor pendidikan tinggi di mana ia telah menambahkan nilai substansial dengan berbagi, menyampaikan dan mengamankan data pengetahuan dan catatan pribadi siswa. Untuk mereplikasi proses belajar mengajar universitas, penelitian sedang dilakukan di bidang ini. Banyak penelitian telah dilakukan, namun tidak ada yang secara khusus menunjukkan prosedur sistematis untuk kegiatan belajar mengajar. Banyak penelitian telah dilakukan, namun tidak ada yang secara khusus menunjukkan prosedur sistematis untuk kegiatan belajar mengajar. Bagaimana teknologi blockchain dapat membantu kegiatan belajar mengajar adalah pertanyaan studi utama. Kelompok fokus dengan perwakilan dari 9 universitas terkemuka digunakan sebagai metode kualitatif dalam penelitian ini untuk membahas proses operasi akademik. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa layak untuk mengintegrasikan Teknologi Blockchain ke dalam proses belajar mengajar untuk mencegah pemalsuan dokumen transkrip universitas.
<span>learning process implemented in universities due to COVID-19 has brought significant disruption to education. Interest and motivation to learn are very important in the learning process. It takes a platform that supports students to be motivated in running the activity hours well. Learning techniques that can be chosen are collaborative and creative learning in achieving effective graduate outcomes with the support of the Merdeka Campus program. This research aims to make gamification techniques to make students more creative, innovative, and interactive by utilizing the concepts of learning and playing. Furthermore, a learning platform based on blockchain technology can support quality universities as a layer of control in implementing security and fun learning. With gamification techniques in collaboration with blockchain technology, all devices connected to the network will become nodes or servers. This study uses agile development methods based on iterative and incremental models to create a distributed storage blockchain algorithm, and IPFS used to build the GamiChain iLearning education model (gamification blockchain). It can be concluded that GamiChain (gamification blockchain) can support the Merdeka Campus program, which can provide facilities for students to develop their potential and prepare excellent and outstanding graduates.</span>
The development of technology in education has produced many innovations to support the learning process. The large variety of learning media is the digital competence of education, which is very much needed in higher education . However, from several universities, there are still many that do not have adequate digital competence. This study uses a survey method that will be calculated quantitatively through a Likert Scale calculation. The design of this cooperative education management system uses E-Portfolio Integration stored in cloud computing based on Blockchain technology. The Blockchain process will be helpful as a literary platform for researchers who will start research on Blockchain technology for digital education so that the results of digital competence cannot be taken over by third parties and are transparent, and this is the solution to the problems in this research. Based on the study results, it can be seen that the Student-Centered iLearning Blockchain (SCi-B) with E-Portfolio is supported by Blockchain technology that can meet the needs of universities and improve cooperative education on digital competence.
The process of educational informatization in the digital era of big data is one of the significant changes in the transformation of the educational model from traditional classrooms (face to face) to online teaching and learning based, which brings innovations from various e-learning. E-Learning is distance learning that uses computer technology, computer networks and the internet. The E-Learning system in higher education in Indonesia which is still centralized is a problem in developing E-Learning in this research in implementing the Independent Campus Policy, one of the manifestations of student-centered and decentralized learning launched by the Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemdikbud). This research takes advantage of blockchain technology to achieve breakthrough E-Learning in Higher Education that is not centralized or decentralized. Blockchain technology provides the advantages of decentralized digital certificate issuance as well as secure storage using the Ethereum blockchain. The results show blockchain technology to solve weaknesses in the field of online education based on Merdeka Campus, namely the issuance of certificates as evidence of student learning outcomes in the form of a formal digital certificate in decentralized E-Learning and insecurity in storage for verification using the Ethereum blockchain. The digital certificate from the transaction will identify block hash, gas usage, block number and block time as different private keys.\n\nKeywords: E-Learning, Independent Campus, Blockchain, Digital Certificate Verification Abstrak \n\nProses informatisasi pendidikan di era digital data besar (big data) merupakan salah satu perubahan signifikan transformasi model pendidikan dari kelas trandisional (tatap muka) menjadi berbasis belajar-mengajar secara online, yang membawa inovasi dari berbagai e-learning. E-Learning adalah pembelajaran jarak jauh yang menggunakan teknologi komputer, jaringan komputer, dan internet. Sistem E-Learning pada Pendidikan tinggi di Indonesia yang masih terpusat menjadi permasalahan pengembangan E-Learning penelitian ini dalam menerapkan Kebijakan Kampus Merdeka salah satu perwujudan pembelajaran berpusat pada mahasiswa (student centered learning) dan terdesentralisasi yang diluncurkan oleh Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Kemdikbud). Penelitian ini mengambil keunggulan teknologi blockchain agar dicapai terobosan E-Learning pada Pendidikan Tinggi yang tidak terpusat atau terdesentralisasi. Teknologi blockchain memberikan keunggulan penerbitan sertifikat digital terdesentralisasi serta penyimpanan aman menggunakan Ethereum blockchain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan teknologi blockchain menyelesaikan kelemahan di bidang pendidikan online berbasis Kampus Merdeka yaitu penerbitan sertifikat digital sebagai bukti hasil belajar mahasiswa berupa sertifikat digital secara legal formal pada E-Learning secara terdesentralisasi dan ketidakamanan dalam penyimpanan untuk verifikasi sertifikat digital menggunakan Ethereum blockchain. Sertifikat digital hasil transaksi tersebut akan teridentifikasi block hash, gas usage, block number dan block time sebagai private key yang berbeda satu dengan lainnya.\n\nKata kunci: E-Learning, Kampus Merdeka, Blockchain, Verifikasi Sertifikat Digital
Writing skripsi is an obligatory scientific work for students at the last semester at English education study program of IKIP Gunungsitoli. It is done through a research. The research is conducted based on a certain research design. Teacher-researcher did a research to describe what article errors done by the students, how many times the students are writing article errors and why the students cannot revise the article errors successfully particularly in Chapter I. The data source was from the three skripsi done by three students who graduated faster, 3 years and half. As the research findings, the teacher-researcher found there were three kinds of article errors done by the three students in their skripsi in Chapter I namely indefinite article (a, an), definite article (the) and zero article. It’s concluded that the article errors which were done by the three students who wrote their skripsi are indefinite articles (a, an), definite article (the) and zero article, the three students write article errors as 34 times of 27 sentences and the three students cannot revise the article errors successfully because lack of knowledge of using articles as well as lack of attention to find out proof readers to make better papers.
Abstrak: Beberapa tahun terakhir eksistensi Pancasila dalam fungsinya sebagai dasar negara (philophische grondslag) dan pandangan hidup bangsa (weltanschauung) dipertaruhkan. Banyak tantangan dan rintangan yang dihadapi oleh Pancasila dalam mempertahankan eksistensinya. Kemerosotan nilai-nilai bangsa menjadi tantangan tersendiri yang dihadapi oleh Pancasila. Terorisme, radikalisme, narkoba, korupsi, hilangnya toleransi serta melunturnya rasa nasionalisme dan patriotisme sudah menjadi bukti merosotnya nilai-nilai kebangsaan. Mahasiswa sebagai agent of change harus peka dalam melihat situasi ini dan diharapkan mempunyai solusi dalam memecahkan masalah merosotnya nilai-nilai kebangsaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi mahasiswa terhadap fungsi Pancasila sebagai weltanschauung dalam upaya menghadapi merosotnya nilai-nilai kebangsaan. Lokasi penelitian di Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar Universitas Mataram. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Tahap penelitian melalui tahap perencanaan dan pelaksanaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) mayoritas mahasiswa masih percaya bahwa Pancasila sebagai weltanschauung masih mampu menghadapi berbagai persoalan tentang merosotnya nilai-nilai kebangsaan. (2) diperlukan penanaman nilai-nilai pancasila melalui pendekatan multiapproach, multimedia, multidiscipline dan multistake holders dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kata Kunci: Pancasila, Philosopische Grondslag, Weltanschauung, Nilai-Nilai BangsaAbstract: The last few years of the existence of Pancasila in its function as the basic of the state (philophische grondslag) and the way of life (weltanschauung) were at stake. Terrorism, radicalism, drugs, corruption, loss of tolerance and the weakening of the sense of nationalism and patriotism have been proof of the decline of national values. Students as agents of change must be sensitive in seeing this situation and expected to have a solution in solving the problem of declining national values. This study aims to determine students' perceptions the function of Pancasila as a weltanschauung in an effort to deal with the decline of national values. The research location in the Universty of Mataram, Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program. The research approach uses descriptive qualitative. Methods of data collection using interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis using data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. Research phase through the planning and implementation stages. The results of the study show that: (1) the majority of students still believe that the Pancasila as a weltanschauung is still able to face various problems regarding the decline of national values. (2) it is necessary to cultivate the values of the Pancasila through a multimedia, multidiscipline and multistakeholder approach in daily life.Keywords: Pancasila, Philosopische Grondslag, Weltanschauung, National Values
There are changes that occur in our education which impact on regional competitive build towards a global competitive, both in the formal institutions of national and Islamic institutions. So this raises complex issues that wraps acceleration of development in promoting an Islamic educational institutions in rural areas. These problems include institutional, leadership, finance, personnel, curriculum and educational model. Each of these components can inhibit the saving potential and within certain limits can threaten the existence, sustainability, competitiveness, and progress of Islamic educational institutions. The question of research: how is each of these institutions are trying to attract views of rural communities by providing an alternative strategy such as the advantages and characteristics of the institution in the decentralization and globalization?. This research resulted in four alternative bid that is modeling the Islamic educational institutions business model in the financing strategy, improve excellence at regular intervals sustainable in the interests of rural communities, implement the task of public relations in spreading the advancement of excellence of the school, and no achievement or excellence will find both nationally and internationally. Thus meaning that the top schools are part of a plan to be achieved can run well and there are no gaps in it and is able to work by well.
Muhammad Yunus, Kadek Dewi Wahyuni Andari, Muhammad Addinul Islam
In the National Education System Act of 2003, there was a shift in the paradigm of education from centralized to decentralized, commonly referred to as School Based Management (SBM). With the law, the greater the role of headmaster in establishing various policies, one of which concerns the management of school culture and environment. Therefore the principal must have some competences in performing his duties. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research conducted at SDN 033 Tarakan in the academic year 2016/2017. Sources of research are primary and secondary data. Informants in the study were principals, two teachers, two students, TU staff, school committees and school supervisors. Data collection techniques in this study are interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Based on the data analysis, the first research is the competence of the principal personality that can be said to be good, but the discipline aspect still needs to be improved. Second is the social competence of the principal is limited to cooperation with committees and guardians. Third is the managerial competence carried out from planning, organizing, implementation, and supervision. Fourth is the competence of supervision where supervision is done 2 times in a year. Fifth is the entrepreneurial competence, there are some efforts of the principal in school financing.
The Indonesian authorities are exploring options for the establishment of subnational government endowment funds and the Ministry of Finance (MoF) has drafted regulations in that context. However, the motivations and objective for establishing an endowment fund at the subnational level diverge across various stakeholders. Clarity of the objectives and purpose of the endowment fund will be critical for informing features of its architecture, and the endowment fund should be aligned with the national fiscal policy objectives. Establishing such funds at a time of fiscal deficit entails a “borrowing-to-save” approach which is not optimal from a fiscal policy perspective. Currently, there is a misalignment between the design of inflow and outflow rules, the endowment fund’s objectives, and the fiscal/economic context. In addition, the current draft MoF regulations restrict the investment policy to conform with the law on decentralization enacted in 2022. This report emphasizes that regardless of the structure of the endowment fund, it needs to be fully integrated within the budget. The report also provides recommendations on assessing the full cost of the subnational government endowment fund, its design and implementation, and provides suggestions to improve the draft MoF regulations.
The Act No. 221999 on regional government and No. 251999 on the balance of finance between central government and regional government, have vast impact on all aspects of the nation life. The impacts are not only on politic and economic aspects, but they also have logic consequence on the changes of Indonesian education form and system. Based on the rules above, the education process in schools should be independent gradually and will not depend on central government moreover on regional government especially in finance. Consequenly, the quality of school must be improved either in planning or process or outcome aspect. To reach the aimed quality of the schools need a management system that can improve the quality of schools. In this frame, this writing offers the total quality management system as a medium to autonomous education having a certain quality in decentralization era.