Fiscal decentralization has become a crucial policy framework for strengthening regional governance and improving the capacity of local governments to finance development independently. However, many regions, including provinces in Indonesia, continue to experience high dependence on central government transfers due to differences in revenue-generating capacity and fiscal management effectiveness. This study aims to examine the effect of tax effort on regional fiscal independence and investigate the mediating role of fiscal space in the relationship between tax effort and fiscal independence in Indonesian provinces. A quantitative approach was employed using balanced panel data from 34 Indonesian provinces during the period 2019–2024. Secondary data were obtained from the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance of the Ministry of Finance and Statistics Indonesia. The data were analyzed using panel data regression with the Fixed Effects Model (FEM), while the mediation effect was tested using the Sobel test. The results indicate that tax effort has a positive and significant effect on regional fiscal independence and fiscal space. Fiscal space also positively influences fiscal independence when examined independently. Furthermore, the mediation analysis confirms that fiscal space significantly mediates the relationship between tax effort and regional fiscal independence. These findings indicate that strengthening local taxation capacity alone is insufficient; effective fiscal management is required to transform additional revenue into greater fiscal flexibility. This study concludes that sustainable regional fiscal independence requires an integrated strategy combining optimal tax mobilization and efficient utilization of fiscal resources. The findings contribute to fiscal decentralization literature and provide practical implications for policymakers in designing strategies to enhance regional fiscal autonomy.
Adina Litriwani, Shafwatul Hilwa, Muhammad Alvin, Dini Vientiany
This study aims to analyze the differences, roles, and contributions of central and regional taxes within the Indonesian taxation system. Taxes serve as the primary source of state revenue and play a crucial role in financing development and improving public welfare. Along with the implementation of fiscal decentralization, local governments are granted authority to manage regional taxes in order to enhance fiscal independence. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, utilizing library research from various sources such as books, academic journals, and legal regulations. The results indicate that central taxes still dominate state revenue compared to regional taxes, reflecting disparities in regional fiscal capacity. Central taxes function to finance national programs and maintain economic stability, while regional taxes support local development and public services. To optimize tax revenue, strategies such as tax intensification, digitalization of the tax system, regulatory simplification, and improvement of taxpayer compliance are necessary. Therefore, an effective, transparent, and fair taxation system is expected to promote economic growth and equitable development in a sustainable manner.
Andi Aidir Arsy, Dewi Salmita, Muhammad Syafaat, Noval · 5 authors
Purpose - This study examines the association between regional investment, leverage, and regional financial independence within the fiscal decentralization framework. Design/methodology/approach - A quantitative associative approach is employed using pooled panel data from 13 regency and municipal governments in Central Sulawesi Province during 2018–2024. The relationships among variables are analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with WarpPLS. The analysis is grounded in fiscal decentralization theory and agency theory to explain local government financial management behavior. Finding/Results – The results indicate that regional investment and leverage are positively and significantly associated with regional financial independence in the pooled PLS-SEM model. Long-term investment is related to stronger fiscal capacity, while leverage may serve as a supportive financing instrument when managed prudently. Together, both variables explain a moderate proportion of the variation in regional financial independence. Originality/Value - This study contributes empirical evidence on how regional investment and leverage are linked to local fiscal autonomy in Central Sulawesi, an underrepresented provincial context in Indonesian local government finance studies. The findings provide practical insights for local governments to improve productive long-term investment and maintain prudent liability management. This study is limited to one province and two explanatory variables; therefore, future research may expand regional coverage and include governance quality, revenue effectiveness, transfer dependence, and expenditure efficiency.
The results of this research are based on Law Number: 1 of 2022 concerning Financial Relations between the Central Government and Regional Governments regulating the new design of transfer funds to regions, regional income and expenditure. Likewise, it regulates how to monitor and provide evaluation of regional spending so that any existing budget can be used effectively and efficiently. The Ministry of Finance continues to strive to solve and eliminate gaps in the misuse of transfer funds to regions and village funds while seeking harmony between central and regional fiscal policies. This research aims to evaluate the level of transparency and accountability of transfers to regional and village funds through cash account management and assess the quality of government cash management and also evaluate government account management in increasing government revenue. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method by utilizing secondary primary data originating from various literature. From 2022 to 2023, it is even estimated that by the end of 2024, transfer funds deposited in regional government accounts throughout Indonesia at regional banks will average more than IDR 100 trillion. Deposition of funds will disrupt development and public service activities. In fact, it is hoped that government spending will be realized, which is the main stimulus for regional economic movements. By joining regional governments in the Treasury Single Account (TSA), all aspects of financial resource mobilization and expenditure can be managed as a whole by the government for the benefit of the people. Apart from strengthening and responding to the challenges of limited government financial resources. Existing idle cash can generate income. The participation of the Regional Government in implementing the Treasury Single Account (TSA) does not reduce the autonomy that has been mandated.
This study is intended to examine the effect of the Degree of Fiscal Decentralization, Regional Financial Dependence, PAD Effectiveness, and SiLPA Financing Level on Capital Expenditure Allocation in Provinces on the Island of Sumatra during the period 2019 to 2023 with the official website of the Supreme Audit Agency of the Republic of Indonesia which is the main source of secondary data collection in this study. and multiple regression methods with Eviews 13. Based on the results of partial analysis, the variables of the degree of fiscal decentralization and regional financial dependence have a significant positive effect on the allocation of expenditure in the Province on the Island of Sumatra. In contrast, the variable effectiveness of PAD and the level of SiLPA financing on the allocation of capital expenditure in the Province on the Island of Sumatra. Simultaneous test results indicate that the four variables affect the allocation of capital expenditure. This finding indicates that an increase in the effectiveness of PAD and the level of SiLPA financing does not always lead to an increase in the allocation of capital expenditure if the provincial government on the island of Sumatra cannot manage the APBD budget properly.
Indonesia’s fiscal decentralization provides village funds and tax revenue sharing funds to strengthen village autonomy, support public services, and enhance community economic welfare. This study examines the impact of village fund allocation, village fund, and tax revenue sharing funds on the economic welfare of communities across 13 villages in Murung District, Murung Raya Regency, from 2020 to 2024. Using a quantitative explanatory approach, the research applies descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including validity and reliability tests, multiple linear regression, and significance testing. The findings reveal that fund allocation, village fund, and tax revenue sharing funds significantly influence key indicators of economic welfare, such as household income, access to clean water, and the growth of active micro-enterprises. Among these, village funds emerge as the most dominant variable, contributing directly to economic participation and service access. The regression model demonstrates strong predictive power. These results align with theories of fiscal decentralization, public finance allocation, and welfare economics emphasizing the role of targeted fiscal transfers in reducing inequality and enhancing local development. The study recommends optimizing sharing funds for productive programs, integrating fiscal planning with SDGs and performance indicators, and strengthening governance, transparency, and community participation.
Levina Khulaidah, Syifa Rhamadani, Fadjar Tri Sakti
This study aims to analyze the financial performance of the Bandung City Government during the 2020–2024 period from a fiscal decentralization perspective. The research employs a descriptive quantitative method using secondary data obtained from the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (DJPK) of the Ministry of Finance. The analysis applies seven regional financial ratios, namely the degree of fiscal decentralization, regional financial independence, fiscal dependency, effectiveness of Local Own-Source Revenue (PAD), expenditure efficiency, expenditure harmony (operational and capital expenditures), and growth ratio. The results indicate that the financial performance of the Bandung City Government has shown improvement, as reflected in the increasing levels of fiscal decentralization and financial independence. However, fiscal dependency remains relatively high, the effectiveness of PAD has not been optimal, and expenditure efficiency is still classified as less efficient. The expenditure structure is dominated by operational spending, while capital expenditure allocation remains relatively low. In addition, regional revenue growth during the study period is considered low and unstable. Therefore, optimizing PAD, improving expenditure efficiency, and restructuring the budget composition are necessary to support sustainable fiscal decentralization. Keywords: Fiscal decentralization, Regional financial performance, Bandung city, Local owns source revenue, Regional financial rations
Margaret Simangunsong, Zamzami Zamzami, Parmadi Parmadi
This study aims to: 1) identify and analyze the degree of fiscal decentralization and the level of financial independence of regencies and cities in North Sumatra Province during the period 2015–2024; and 2) analyze the variation in regional revenue realization based on its components, as well as the variation in regional financial capacity across regencies/cities during the same period. The methods used in this research include the Fiscal Decentralization Degree Ratio (DDF), the Regional Financial Independence Ratio (RKKD), and a Two-Way ANOVA test, supported by SPSS 20 software. The findings show that the degree of fiscal decentralization remains relatively low from year to year, indicating a strong dependence on central government transfers. Similarly, the regional financial independence ratio is also categorized as low, with an instructive pattern of relationship, meaning that regional governments still have limited ability to finance development needs independently. The Two-Way ANOVA test results reveal significant differences in regional revenue realization both across regencies/cities and across years within the study period. The largest variations are attributed to the differing characteristics of each regency/city, including economic potential, effectiveness in managing locally generated revenue, and variations in regional fiscal structures. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing fiscal capacity and optimizing local revenue sources throughout North Sumatra.
Rismi A. Dukomalamo Dukomalamo, Asrudin Hormati, Irfan Zam Zam
Abstract:This research was conducted in local governments in North Maluku province. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of independent variables, specifically financial performance measured by the degree of fiscal decentralization, regional financial dependence, SiLPA financing level, and regional financial efficiency, on the dependent variable, which is capital expenditure. This study used the technique of multiple linear regression. The findings of this study suggest that the degree of fiscal decentralization, regional financial dependence, level of SiLPA financing, and regional financial efficiency all have a simultaneous and significant impact on the allocation of capital expenditure. Specifically, the degree of fiscal decentralization and regional financial efficiency have a positive and significant effect on capital expenditure allocation, while regional financial dependence and the level of SiLPA financing do not have any effect on capital expenditure allocation. Keywords: regional financial performance, capital expenditure Abstrak:Penelitian ini dilakukan di pemerintah daerah di provinsi Maluku Utara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh variabel independen, khususnya kinerja keuangan yang diukur dengan derajat desentralisasi fiskal, ketergantungan keuangan daerah, tingkat pembiayaan SiLPA, dan efisiensi keuangan daerah, terhadap variabel dependen, yaitu belanja modal. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik regresi linier berganda. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa derajat desentralisasi fiskal, ketergantungan keuangan daerah, tingkat pembiayaan SiLPA, dan efisiensi keuangan daerah secara simultan dan signifikan berpengaruh terhadap pengalokasian belanja modal. Secara spesifik, derajat desentralisasi fiskal dan efisiensi keuangan daerah berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap alokasi belanja modal, sedangkan ketergantungan keuangan daerah dan tingkat pembiayaan SiLPA tidak berpengaruh terhadap alokasi belanja modal. Kata kunci : Kinerja Keuangan Daerah, Belanja modal.
The Buru Regency Government, as the party tasked with administering government, development, and public services, is required to report on regional financial accountability as the basis for assessing its financial performance. The purpose of this study is to assess regional financial performance using ratios from 2020 to 2024, consisting of: Regional Fiscal Independence; Effectiveness of PAD Management; Effectiveness of Regional Taxes; Degree of Fiscal Decentralization; Fiscal Dependency; and Growth of Regional Government Finance in Buru Regency. Using secondary data sourced from the Ministry of Finance website, this study concludes that the financial performance of the Buru Regency Government consists of: 1) the regional fiscal autonomy ratio is still very low with an instructive relationship pattern, indicating that the local government is not yet capable of financing its own government activities, development, and services to the community, and the local government still needs intervention from the central government; 2) the fiscal decentralization ratio indicates that the local government's ability to increase its own revenue (PAD) to finance its own development is still very limited; 3) the local tax effectiveness ratio and local revenue (PAD) indicate that the local government is less effective in realizing tax revenue and local revenue (PAD) from the set targets and real potential; 4) The fiscal dependency ratio shows that the Buru Regency local government is still highly dependent on assistance from the central and provincial governments compared to its own regional revenue; 5) The PAD growth ratio shows that the local government is poor/negative in maintaining and increasing PAD.
Chornolius Hendreo, Nia Pratiwi, Syarif Muhammad Ilham
In this study, researchers identified a holistic approach integrating risk and opportunity analysis of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) within the Indonesian context, addressing the limited local research gap. The researchers identified the primary risks of DeFi, namely smart contract vulnerabilities (AHP weight 0.54), market volatility (0.30), and regulatory uncertainty (0.16), with case examples such as the 2021 Poly Network attack and the 2022 TerraUSD collapse. Additionally, significant opportunities were highlighted, including financial inclusion (AHP weight 0.54) for 50% of Indonesia’s unbanked population, technological innovation through layer-2 solutions like Optimism, and cost efficiency of up to 50% compared to traditional finance. The novelty of this research lies in the application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize risk and opportunity factors, as well as the development of a blockchain-data-driven SWOT strategy to support financial inclusion in remote areas. The researchers recommend enhancing smart contract security and user education to foster a secure and inclusive digital financial ecosystem in Indonesia, supporting sustainable DeFi growth.
This study aims to analyze the contribution of village funds, Islamic financial institutions, and regional economic integration to regional economic growth. In the context of fiscal decentralization and regional development, these three variables play a strategic role in accelerating inclusive and sustainable economic development. Village funds serve as the primary instrument to finance infrastructure development and community empowerment. Meanwhile, Islamic financial institutions provide access to fair and Sharia-compliant financing, supporting the productivity of micro and small enterprises. Regional economic integration, particularly through inter-regional connectivity and cooperation, strengthens local markets and enhances regional competitiveness. The analysis method uses a descriptive-qualitative approach based on literature studies and secondary data. The findings indicate that the synergy among the three variables can drive equitable economic growth, although integrated policies and institutional capacity strengthening are still needed.
The government has established the relocation of Indonesia’s capital city through Law Number 3 of 2022 concerning the Capital City. It is called as Nusantara. The government also formed the Nusantara Capital Authority (IKN Authority) an institution responsible for managing local governance in the IKN region, including collecting taxes and special levies. This study analyzes the role of the authority within the constitution and how it affects managing state’s finances. This research employs a doctrinal method with a statutory approach. The study's findings indicate that the authority holds the status of a ministry-equivalent institution under the House of Representatives' supervision. This authority has the power to collect special taxes although it is not supervised by The Regional House of Representatives. The power to collect tax does not align with the principle of fiscal decentralization stipulated in the State Finance Law. Under Article 8 of the Law, the collection of IKN special taxes shall be performed by the Minister of Finance to ensure the consolidation of state revenue accountability. Such way of collecting taxes is similar to the United States, where the Internal Revenue Service, which is part of the US Department of Treasury, collects federal taxes.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan literatur akademik terkait perilaku menabung (saving behavior) dan resolusi finansial melalui pendekatan bibliometrik. Data dikumpulkan dari basis data Scopus menggunakan kata kunci yang relevan dalam rentang tahun 2000–2024. Analisis dilakukan dengan perangkat lunak VOSviewer untuk memetakan tren kata kunci, kolaborasi antar penulis, dan evolusi topik berdasarkan waktu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa saving behavior dan financial literacy merupakan inti dari penelitian keuangan personal, sementara isu-isu seperti decentralized finance dan energy savings muncul sebagai tema baru yang mengarah pada digitalisasi dan keberlanjutan. Penulis kunci seperti Annamaria Lusardi dan Richard Thaler menempati posisi sentral dalam kolaborasi ilmiah. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi bagi perumusan kebijakan literasi keuangan yang lebih inklusif, serta arah penelitian masa depan yang mengintegrasikan teknologi digital dan perspektif perilaku dalam resolusi finansial individu.
This article discusses the comparison between the public sector and the private sector in terms of goals, financing, and organizational structure. The public sector focuses on public services and fulfilling basic needs, with limited resource management and a more complex bureaucracy. In contrast, the private sector prioritizes profit and efficiency, with a more flexible and decentralized organizational structure. Public sector financing is based on taxes and community contributions, while the private sector relies on investors, debt, and equity capital. While both sectors play complementary roles, this article also identifies the challenges each sector faces in resource and managerial management. Implications and recommendations for both sectors are discussed to enhance operational efficiency and sustainability.
<p><em>This study aims to analyse the influence of the degree of fiscal decentralization, balancing funds, and economic growth on the Islamic Human Development Index (I-HDI) in eight provinces in Indonesia with the lowest I-HDI scores. To fill the research gap, these provinces were categorised based on I-HDI intervals. This study contributes in addressing empirical gaps by focusing on the regions that have received limited attention in the context of Islam-based human development, as well as substantive gaps by integrating variables of fiscal decentralization and balancing funds that have rarely been directly examined in relation to the I-HDI. Methodologically, the System Generalised Method of Moments (System-GMM) approach is applied to address potential endogeneity and the dynamic nature of panel data. A region’s capacity to finance public expenditure is reflected in the degree of fiscal decentralization, while balancing funds serves as the main source for financing public welfare. Although economic growth is generally expected in enhancing welfare, it may exacerbate social inequality if not accompanied by inclusive policies and equitable distribution. The results of this study indicate that the degree of fiscal decentralization has no significant effect on I-HDI in either the short or long term. Conversely, balancing funds has a significantly negative impact, reflecting allocative inefficiency. Economic growth also negatively affects the I-HDI across both time horizons, indicating that its benefits are not evenly distributed. These findings emphasise the need for comprehensive policy evaluation to improve resource allocation efficiency and promote equitable and sustainable human development in line with the principles of Maqasid al-Shariah (Sharia principles).</em></p>
The article examines the historical stages of the formation and development of financial control over local finances in Ukraine. The origins of financial control since the times of Kyivan Rus are investigated, the role of “Ruska Pravda” in the formation of the first legal principles of financial control is characterized. Particular attention is paid to the functioning of treasury chambers, control departments and state control bodies during the period of the Russian Empire, starting from the 18th century. The transformations of the financial control system in the conditions of imperial, Soviet and independent Ukrainian statehood are analyzed. The key regulatory legal acts that regulated financial control at different stages of history are identified – from the “Temporary Regulation on Control Institutions” (1866) to the Budget Code of Ukraine. It is proposed to define the following historical stages of the formation of financial control over local finances in Ukraine: 1) the Old Russian stage (X–XIII centuries) – primary forms of financial control, when the financial system was based on in-kind taxes and fees, and financial control was carried out through the princely administration, in particular through the “princely treasury”; 2) the pre-reform period (XIII century – until 1864) – financial control at the local level was weak, carried out through the governor’s office, the main attention was focused on collecting taxes and ensuring revenues to the empire’s budget; 3) the period of the zemstvo reform (1864–1917) – the creation of zemstvos – local self-government bodies with the right to draw up local budgets, the emergence of the first institutions of financial control at the local level; 4) the Soviet centralized stage (1918–1990) – complete centralization of finances, local budgets were integrated into the national budgets; 5) the beginning of independent financial control (1991–2000) – the formation of the legal foundations of local self-government, the emergence of a regulatory framework for local financial control, the formation of financial powers of local authorities; 6) codification and systematization of regulatory and legal acts regulating financial control (2001–2010); 7) the stage of decentralization and digital transformation (2010 – to date) – the activation of local self-government, digitalization of budget processes, the introduction of public control tools.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan perkembangan literatur ilmiah mengenai keuangan berbasis dampak dengan fokus pada integrasi investasi berbasis ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) dan kewirausahaan sosial. Menggunakan pendekatan bibliometrik berbasis data dari Scopus dan alat analisis VOSviewer, studi ini mengidentifikasi tren penelitian, kolaborasi penulis, serta struktur tematik yang membentuk ekosistem pengetahuan di bidang ini. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa topik ESG menjadi pusat dalam jaringan literatur, dengan keterkaitan erat terhadap keuangan berkelanjutan, kinerja keuangan, dan tanggung jawab sosial korporat. Selain itu, isu-isu baru seperti decentralized finance dan machine learning menunjukkan kemunculan tren digitalisasi dalam pengelolaan investasi berdampak. Jaringan kolaborasi penulis memperlihatkan dua klaster dominan yang mewakili kawasan Barat dan Asia, menandakan globalisasi riset dalam domain ini. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi strategis dalam merumuskan arah penelitian masa depan serta pengembangan kebijakan keuangan yang lebih berorientasi pada dampak sosial dan lingkungan.
Gilang Muhammad Mumtaaz, Angga Dwi Ferdiansyah, Murjani
Abstract Since entering the Reformation era, Indonesia has entered a new era in the government system, where most of the affairs for basic services that were previously in the hands of the central government are devolved through decentralization policies, which are also referred to as regional autonomy policies. Regional development in the autonomy era provides an opportunity for local governments to innovate by building local growth centers to encourage regional economic growth. In practice, Indonesia adoptsasymmetric decentralization, which in principle can be based on conditions: (1) administrative (management), (2) political, and (3) fiscal. Regarding fiscal decentralization, starting from the regime of Law 25/1999, Law 33/2004, to Law 1/2022, the central role of fiscal decentralization from the beginning aimed to support the financing of devolved affairs, known as the Money Follows Functions principle. The fiscal decentralization policy provides certainty that the devolved affairs can be properly implemented by the Local Government. However, in its empirical dynamics, during the 23 years that regional autonomy has been implemented, at least there are various problems originating from regulations and local governments themselves, which result in inefficiencies in regional spending. Starting from the effect of incumbent spending allocations in regional head elections (pilkada), known as the political budget cycle (PBC) effect; weak local government governance that causes inefficiencies in regional financial management; central and regional budgeting support that has not been optimal in implementation; to the biggest problem, namely the problem of corruption of the Regional Budget by the definitive Regional Head and the ranks of the regional government. This research uses a normative juridical approach method with a statutory approach accompanied by an analytical descriptive case approach. The type of data is secondary data collected and studied using literature studies and analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. The results and discussion of this study conclude, First, it cannot be denied that corruption drastically distorts fiscal decentralization in the regions. It is estimated that about 30 percent of Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja (APBD) funds evaporate due to corruption, and about 70 percent of them occur in the procurement of government goods and services. the emergence of APBD corruption is weak planning and budgeting. There are several sectors that are vulnerable to potential corruption, especially in expenditures sourced from the Transfer to Regional Funds, Village Funds and Deconcentration Funds, which have implications for the high cost economy. Second, the ideal formulation used to inhibit the potential for corruption in the regions, especially the APBD, includes optimizing the implementation of fraud audits such as investigative audits or corruption audits, creating an internal whistleblowing system for local governments, improving the regional budgeting system, and strengthening the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus. In terms of encouraging sustainable regional development governance, policy recommendations are needed, including: increasing sustainable public transparency; considering results-based accountability; making extensive use of ICT (Information and Communication Technology); increasing the role of reward and penalty mechanisms; and changing the paradigm from money follows function to money follows program. Keywords: Fiscal Decentralization; Corruption; APBD
The research focuses on the “Analysis of the effectiveness of the Special Allocation Fund (SAF) in financing the reconstruction of school facilities in Bogor Regency”. Dana Alokasi Khusus or SAF is one the Indonesian Government’s budget schemes initiated by the Ministry of Education and Culture or the MoEC to assist local governments in reconstructing school buildings that are heavily damaged due to various reasons. However, There have been an increasing number of damaged classrooms over the years during the period 2016 to 2018 in Bogor Regency, one of the worst in Indonesia. The conceptual framework was developed based on three main theoretical frameworks: the theory on measuring the effectiveness of finance policy implementation; the budget accountability in analyzing the effectiveness of public expenditure; and the currently applied government system based on decentralization policy in budget allocation in Indonesia. The research used qualitative methodology, which analyzed the collected data and information descriptively. Semi structured questionnaires were used to conduct interviews to relevant stakeholders. The implementation of building reconstruction based on allocated SAF has been both effective and ineffective. SAF scheme as one of the fiscal policy instruments under decentralization policy for improving the education quality has shown to be less effective due to miss-allocation of budget, improper distribution, lack of participation and transparency, and increased public complaint.The budget accountability of SAF in Bogor Regency has shown that policy on SAF use needs to improve. Recommendation should be directed towards policies to ensure fair process in selecting school as recipient, fair budget distribution, increased public participation and transparency
Fani Budi Kartika, Muhammad Ihsan, Bambang Indra Gunawan, Muhsin Lambok Ilvira
The Non-Fungible Token (NFT) market has grown rapidly as one of the innovations in the digital economy, opening up new opportunities for creators to trade their works globally. However, this development also presents significant challenges related to copyright protection and dispute resolution in blockchain-based digital transactions. This study aims to analyze Indonesia's legal regulations in overseeing the NFT market, with a focus on copyright protection and dispute resolution mechanisms. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with a literature analysis of existing regulations, such as Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright. The results show that legal regulations in Indonesia have not fully accommodated blockchain technology and NFT transactions, thus creating legal loopholes that increase the risk of copyright infringement. In addition, the existing oversight and dispute resolution mechanisms are still conventional in nature, which is less effective for handling the complexity of the NFT market. To address these challenges, this study recommends the establishment of specific regulations governing copyright protection in the NFT market, the development of a technology-based surveillance system, and the implementation of a digital dispute resolution mechanism. The implication of this research is the importance of collaboration between the government, creator community, and technology platforms to create a healthy, safe, and competitive NFT market ecosystem. The findings are expected to be the basis for strengthening regulations and increasing legal protection on copyrighted works transactions in the NFT market in Indonesia.
Muhammad Fikri, Tubagus Umar Syarif Hadi Wibowo, Ana Nurhasanah
The objectives of this research are: (1) Describe the background to the emergence of the southern region of Tangerang Regency to become a new autonomous region, (2) Analyze the process of regional expansion of South Tangerang City (2000-2008). The research method used is the historical research method which consists of heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The theory in this study uses the theory of regional expansion, the theory of decentralization and regional autonomy, and the theory of the city. This theory is used as an analysis of the research process of regional expansion, especially the southern region which became South Tangerang City in 2000-2008. The results of this study indicate that the background of this expansion stems from public concern over the process driven by rapid growth in the South, which has given rise to the need for better governance, especially related to infrastructure and public services that are felt to be less effective and efficient. This study highlights the role of local communities in it to fight to separate their regions with community organizations such as the Cipasera City Autonomous Region Formation Committee (KPPDO-KC), Bakor Cipasera, Formats, and the Ciputat Communication Forum (FKMC). Through a historical approach and analysis of the legislative framework, this study attempts to reconstruct the journey of decentralization which finally culminated in the formation of South Tangerang City based on Law Number 51 of 2008.Keywords: Process, Regional Expansion, South Tangerang City, 2000-2008
Decentralized Finance (DeFi) adalah inovasi keuangan yang memanfaatkan teknologi blockchain untuk meningkatkan inklusi keuangan, terutama di negara berkembang. Dengan mengurangi kebutuhan akan perantara tradisional seperti bank, DeFi menawarkan layanan keuangan yang lebih mudah diakses, seperti pinjaman, tabungan, dan asuransi. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi peran DeFi dalam meningkatkan inklusi keuangan dengan mengidentifikasi manfaat, tantangan, dan aplikasinya di dunia nyata. Melalui studi literatur, penelitian ini menganalisis berbagai makalah akademik, laporan, dan studi kasus untuk memahami dampak potensial DeFi terhadap populasi yang kurang terlayani. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa DeFi dapat menurunkan biaya transaksi, menyediakan layanan keuangan bagi mereka yang tidak memiliki rekening bank, dan mengatasi hambatan geografis. Namun, teknologi ini menghadapi tantangan regulasi, infrastruktur, dan keamanan yang dapat membatasi adopsi yang lebih luas. Meski begitu, DeFi memiliki potensi untuk mentransformasi sistem keuangan di negara berkembang dan menciptakan lingkungan keuangan yang lebih inklusif.
This study's main goal is to investigate how government spending affects Myanmar's economic growth, with an emphasis on fiscal decentralization and local governments' financial capabilities. Utilizing panel data collected spanning fifteen Myanmar regional states between 2000 and 2021, the study first used a fixed effects model before using quantile regression to confirm the findings' robustness. Secondary records supplied by the Budget Department and the Department of the Ministry of Planning and Finance served as the source of the data. The study's findings indicate that while labor and net exports have a negative impact on Myanmar's economic growth, financial decentralization, government spending, both decentralization and centralization, foreign direct investment, and the general populace all significantly and positively contribute to economic growth. Nonetheless, there is a statistically significant positive interaction between fiscal decentralization and government spending that results in economic growth. Government expenditure, decentralization for economic growth, and recommendations all play a major role in developing policies aimed at reducing poverty. This area has demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing poverty in Myanmar's regional states by providing aid to low-income or employed individuals who lack access to financial resources. Finally, by advancing understanding of regional supervisory skills beyond certifications, the government may use local expenditures as well as fiscal decentralization to improve development competitiveness, thus promoting regional autonomy and revolutionizing national economies.