Academic certificate fraud is a persistent problem across developing economies, undermining trust between graduates, employers, and higher education institutions. In Nigeria, this has prompted a federal mandate requiring every employer to verify staff credentials; yet existing verification processes remain manual, slow, and easily circumvented. This paper proposed, implemented, and evaluated a fully decentralized academic certificate management framework built on the Ethereum blockchain, leveraging Solidity smart contracts, the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) for off-chain document storage, QR-code-enabled instant verification, and on-chain revocation.The system was deployed and tested on the Ethereum Sepolia testnet using Hardhat 2.19.4 and ethers.js 6.x. Results show that issuing a single certificate costs a fraction of a cent, that batch issuance lowers this cost further, that verification is free for employers, and that the system correctly detects fabricated or altered certificates in the overwhelming majority of cases while cutting verification time from days to seconds. These findings demonstrate that blockchain-based credential management is technically sound, affordable, and readily deployable in resource-constrained institutional settings, offering a practical path toward restoring trust in academic credentials across Nigerian and other African universities.
Pemalsuan ijazah digital menjadi permasalahan yang dapat mengurangi kepercayaan terhadap keaslian dokumen akademik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem verifikasi ijazah digital berbasis blockchain untuk menjamin integritas dan keaslian dokumen. Sistem dibangun dengan mengintegrasikan algoritma SHA-256, Merkle Tree, digital signature, dan blockchain. Proses verifikasi dilakukan melalui pembangkitan hash dokumen, pembentukan Merkle Root, serta pencocokan Merkle Root dan digital signature dengan data referensi yang tersimpan pada blockchain. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan 14 dokumen yang terdiri atas 1 ijazah asli dan 13 ijazah yang telah dimodifikasi pada berbagai komponen data. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu mengidentifikasi seluruh dokumen sesuai kondisi sebenarnya dengan Accuracy Verification Rate sebesar 100%. Setiap perubahan data menghasilkan nilai hash dan Merkle Root yang berbeda sehingga dapat dideteksi secara akurat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi SHA-256, Merkle Tree, digital signature, dan blockchain efektif dalam meningkatkan keamanan, integritas, serta keandalan proses verifikasi ijazah digital.
Halek Mu’min, Denny Bernardus Kurnia Wahyudono, Thomas Stefanus Kaihatu
This investigation develops and validates Blockchain Utilization Capability as a novel construct fundamentally reconceptualizing complex enterprise technology adoption by addressing critical limitations in conventional frameworks assuming direct antecedent-intention relationships. Through cross-sectional survey methodology examining 300 Indonesian SMEs actively engaged with blockchain platforms, we integrate Technology-Organization-Environment Framework with Technology Acceptance Model, positioning capability as central mediating mechanism analyzed using PLS-SEM with bootstrapping procedures. Results reveal complete mediation configurations wherein organizational infrastructure, environmental pressures, technological features, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use operate exclusively through capability development rather than directly influencing adoption intentions. Organizational dimensions demonstrate substantial effects on capability formation, while perceived ease of use exhibits paradoxical negative associations through suppression mechanisms, with the construct achieving superior predictive performance explaining considerable variance in adoption intentions. We introduce Capability-Mediated TAM, demonstrating perceptual beliefs require translation into organizational capabilities preceding complex technology adoption influence, bridging previously disconnected frameworks by revealing common capability-building pathways through which diverse antecedents operate, transforming TOE from descriptive taxonomy into dynamic process architecture. Findings establish that organizations should prioritize systematic capability development through phased approaches emphasizing organizational readiness, formal governance, and cross-functional integration preceding production implementations, recognizing capability building as essential rather than optional pathway toward blockchain adoption success.
The increasing digitalization of higher education has created growing demands for secure and transparent academic data management. As a background, conventional academic information systems remain vulnerable to data manipulation, unauthorized access, and difficulties in verifying the authenticity of academic records. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the role of blockchain technology in enhancing academic data security and transparency within higher education institutions. The method employed in this research is a quantitative approach using a survey questionnaire distributed to 173 respondents consisting of students, academic staff, and administrative personnel from various higher education institutions. The collected data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships between blockchain technology adoption, academic data security, and academic transparency. The results reveal that blockchain technology has a significant positive effect on academic data security by providing decentralized data storage, cryptographic protection, and immutable transaction records. In addition, blockchain implementation significantly improves academic transparency by enabling reliable verification, traceability, and authenticity of academic information and credentials. The findings suggest that blockchain technology can minimize the risk of data tampering while strengthening stakeholder trust in academic information systems. In conclusion, blockchain technology serves as an effective solution for improving academic data security and transparency, contributing to the development of a trustworthy and data-driven governance framework in higher education institutions.
The study aimed to investigate the perceived application of Blockchain technology among accountants, auditors, bankers, and other related professionals in Iraq and the statistical association between this perceived application and financial-information reliability, based on respondents’ perceptions of financial-information reliability. The study was designed as a field study using a five-point Likert scale. The analysis was based on 150 valid responses. Blockchain application was measured using ten items, and financial information reliability was measured using another ten items. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, descriptive statistics, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, and simple linear regression were used. The results of the Blockchain scale showed acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.775), while the financial information reliability scale showed very high internal consistency (α = 0.989). The mean scores were 4.232 and 4.221, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient was positive but not statistically significant (r = 0.146, p = 0.076), and the regression model was also not statistically significant (R² = 0.021, F(1, 148) = 3.203, p = 0.076). The results indicate positive perceptions of Blockchain technology and the reliability of financial information. However, the current data do not provide sufficient evidence at the 5% significance level that perceived Blockchain application is statistically significantly associated with financial-information reliability.
Indonesia's national engineering accreditation system faces systemic inefficiencies, governance limitations, and data integrity challenges that hinder international recognition under the Washington Accord and impede the global mobility of engineering graduates. These shortcomings are compounded by fragmented audit trails, opaque decision-making processes, and vulnerability to credential fraud, which undermine trust in accreditation outcomes. This study aims to design a model-based system engineering framework for a blockchain-enabled accreditation system that enhances data integrity, transparency, and traceability to support evidence-based decision-making and Washington Accord compliance. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA protocol was conducted, synthesizing insights from 109 selected studies on blockchain implementation in accreditation and credential verification systems. The study adopts a Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) approach using the Requirement-Functional-Logical-Physical framework to translate requirements into a structured system architecture. The proposed framework integrates Hyperledger Fabric as a permissioned blockchain network for immutable record-keeping and the InterPlanetary File System for decentralized off-chain document storage, creating a hybrid on-chain/off-chain architecture. The resulting five-layer framework comprises Participants, Digitalized Access Points, Communication, Distributed Ledgers, and Existing IT Systems layers. Key findings demonstrate that the proposed architecture significantly enhances data integrity through cryptographic verification, provides transparent and tamper-proof audit trails for all accreditation activities, enables real-time verification of document authenticity, and supports interoperability among diverse stakeholders. The framework strengthens decision-making by providing verifiable evidence for informed judgments, ensuring accountability through transparent record-keeping, and enabling cross-border trust in accreditation decisions. This research concludes that the blockchain-IPFS integrated framework offers a scalable and trustworthy pathway for transforming Indonesia's engineering accreditation system, addressing both domestic governance challenges and international compliance requirements under the Washington Accord.
Currently, the most significant threat to the validity of academic credentials in the United States is the advanced forgery of transcripts along with diploma mills. This research study addresses the potential of blockchain technology as a decentralized means to protect academic credentials. By integrating recent academic research and technical frameworks, this study analyzes the shift from centralized databases to immutable, distributed ledgers. The integration of various perspectives, including advanced zero-knowledge proof architectures as well as legal frameworks for transnational data circulation, is a major innovation of this study. Using a systematic literature review and a case study approach, the research indicates that though blockchain's potential to enhance security and automate processes through smart contracts is indeed great, a number of legal, compliance, and technical barriers have to be removed for it to be a viable option. This study proposes that the combination of artificial intelligence (AI), along with blockchain technology, provides the most secure option for U.S. higher education institutions.
Secure and transparent attendance management has become increasingly important in educational institutions as conventional attendance systems often face challenges such as proxy attendance, unauthorized record modification, and limited traceability. Most existing solutions rely on centralized databases, making them susceptible to data tampering, accidental loss, and single-point failures. This paper presents a Blockchain-Based Attendance Management System that leverages blockchain technology to provide a decentralized and immutable mechanism for recording and verifying attendance information. The proposed framework integrates a React.js-based user interface with a Node.js and Express.js backend, while Firebase Authentication and Firestore manage user authentication and application data. Attendance records are securely stored through Ethereum smart contracts executed on the Ganache blockchain network, with transaction hashes linked to Firebase for efficient retrieval and verification. This hybrid architecture combines the scalability of cloud-based data management with the integrity and transparency of blockchain technology. Once attendance is recorded, the information cannot be altered without detection, ensuring reliable auditability and improved trust among students, faculty members, and administrators. The implemented system demonstrates secure attendance recording, fast verification, and efficient transaction management while reducing the possibility of record manipulation. The proposed solution offers a practical, scalable, and cost-effective approach for modern attendance management and provides a strong foundation for future enhancements such as biometric authentication, QR code-based attendance, and cloud-enabled blockchain deployment.
Hadeer Khayoon Ashour, Noor Salah Alramadan, Hamid Mohsin Jadah
There is growing interest in using blockchain technology to overcome the flaws of legacy payment systems and banking operations, few empirical efforts have examined the possible use of blockchain by large institutions. The study examines how blockchain is changing the payment systems and banking services with a focus on Citigroup (Citi) and various Citi blockchain projects, specifically Citi Token Services. The study aims to assess the impact of blockchain’s adoption on efficiency, cost reduction, customer confidence and service accessibility. A quantitative research study was conducted in a longitudinal design, and data were analysed using multiple linear regression in the SPSS program from 2020–2024 to check the relationship between variables. The results indicate that blockchain implementation offers considerable transaction speed, operational and transactional cost reduction (up to 80 percent), increased customer trust and broader service access with 24/7 transactions. The regression model explains 51.9 percent of the variance in performance. Although promising, blockchain for banking is still in its infancy and facing a variety of challenges that need to be solved for wider application, such as scalability, regulatory compliance, and integration with existing systems.
Dodi Setiawan, Sri Sutjiningtyas, A. Eka Hermia Fitrianingsy, Ronald Naibaho · 5 authors
Blockchain consensus mechanisms are critical for ensuring security, efficiency, and scalability in decentralized networks. This study qualitatively examines ten widely used consensus algorithms—Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS), Delegated PoS (DPoS), PBFT, Raft, Proof of Authority (PoA), Hybrid PoW/PoS, DAG/IOTA, Hashgraph, and Tendermint—within the research context of Bintan, Riau Islands, Indonesia. Performance was evaluated through literature review and simulated network observations, focusing on transaction throughput (TPS), latency, energy consumption, and network stability. Results indicate that DAG/IOTA and Hashgraph achieve the highest throughput with minimal latency, making them suitable for IoT and enterprise-scale applications. PoS and PoA offer energy-efficient alternatives, while PoW provides high security at the cost of high energy usage. Hybrid PoW/PoS demonstrates balanced performance across multiple metrics. Qualitative analysis highlights trade-offs among energy efficiency, throughput, latency, and decentralization. These findings provide practical guidance for selecting consensus mechanisms according to network requirements, operational constraints, and sustainability considerations, contributing a consolidated perspective on blockchain efficiency and scalability.
Introduction: Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative innovation in the financial sector by enhancing transparency, security, and operational efficiency. As academic interest in blockchain applications continues to grow, understanding the development, structure, and direction of research in this field has become increasingly important. Novelty: Although previous studies have examined blockchain broadly, limited research has specifically mapped the intellectual structure, thematic evolution, and collaboration patterns of blockchain research in finance, particularly regarding transparency and security. To address this gap, the present study provides a comprehensive bibliometric mapping of blockchain research in finance from the perspectives of transparency and security. Methods: This study applies a bibliometric analysis approach to 256 Scopus-indexed publications related to blockchain in finance. Data were analyzed using the Bibliometrix package in R to examine annual scientific production, keyword co-occurrence, thematic development, historiographic structure, and collaboration networks among authors, institutions, and countries. Results: The findings reveal a significant increase in blockchain-related publications, particularly after 2021, indicating growing scholarly attention. Major research themes include blockchain foundations, security and privacy, decentralized finance, regulation, and cross-sector applications. The analysis also demonstrates increasingly interconnected global collaboration networks led by several productive countries. Conclusion: Overall, the findings indicate that blockchain has become an increasingly prominent research domain within financial studies. This study contributes by providing a comprehensive mapping of research trends and offering insights for future studies and policy development related to transparency and security in digital financial systems.
The advent of blockchain technology has created a paradigm shift in the way digital data can be securely, transparently and decentralized managed, a paradigm that could potentially replace the longstanding centralized digital information systems. This is a full journal-grade review of blockchain as a tool to ensure trustless, immutability and decentralized data governance in a variety of important application fields. The study, which is based on a systematic review of 20 peer-reviewed publications from 2023 to 2025, explores the essential structural elements of blockchain systems: Distributed ledger structures, cryptographic hash functions, Merkle tree integrity verification, consensus mechanisms, and smart contracts, and how they all contribute to removing single points of failure and institutional trust dependencies. There is a comparative study of the various public, private and consortium blockchain types, as well as the evaluation of the various consensus algorithms, such as Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS) and Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT). The results show that data management systems based on blockchain technology always have superior data integrity, access auditability, censorship resistance, and user data sovereignty properties compared to centralized systems, and come with trade-offs in scalability, energy efficiency, and compliance with regulations. Evidence collected for the application has come from health care organizations' record management, supply chain traceability, decentralized identity systems, Internet of Things (IoT) data integrity, an energy company data management system, and cybersecurity threat intelligence, among other contexts. Key challenges and emerging technologies, such as quantum computing systems, post quantum cryptographic standards, layer-two rollups, sharding and zero-knowledge proofs, are explored in tandem with the blockchain trilemma, GDPR compliance issues and cross-chain interoperability. The study finds that blockchain-based data management is moving from the experimental stage to becoming a core component to the digital economy's infrastructure.
Bitcoin’s Proof-of-Work mechanism is energy intensive, exceeding the electricity consumption of a medium-sized country. As the adoption accelerates, it become a concern. Most studies analyzed its energy consumption, emissions, and price in isolation. This study examines the relationship between the energy consumption and energy mix of Bitcoin and its market performance, moderated by quality of regulation, using a time-series of secondary data from reputable resources e.g. Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index,, the Worldwide Governance Indicators, etc. Regression analyses are employed to test the hypotheses. Eight of nine null hypotheses failed to reject. However, energy consumption was found to have a significant positive relationship with market return. It is, however, likely that this finding captures shared underlying drivers of Bitcoin’s price and its energy consumption, as well as possible reverse causality. Energy mix was found to have no significant effect on the three alternative outcomes, aligned with the fungibility of Bitcoin. Furthermore, regulatory was found not to significantly moderate also likely due to the narrow variation in the Indonesia’s scores during the study period. The study identified that markets do not reward sustainable mining with a market premium, implying that the transition towards renewable-powered mining in Indonesia requires more policy intervention.
The rapid development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) and Web3 has catalyzed digital transformation in the education sector through the convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the metaverse. However, most existing initiatives remain isolated and passive, lacking adaptive learning capabilities. These initiatives also face cross-platform interoperability constraints, cybersickness, gaps in educator readiness, and ethical concerns regarding biometric data privacy. In view of this, this study was conducted with the objective of constructing an integrated conceptual framework, Edu-AIMeta, that links technological dimensions with learning theories, critically analyzing implementation challenges, and proposing sustainable cyber-governance strategies. To achieve these goals, this study employs a conceptual-integrated literature review design by critically analyzing and synthesizing theoretical perspectives from 22 articles published between 2022 and 2026 across the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases. The research findings outline three primary dimensions of integration success: the AI cognitive engine, the spatial metaverse environment, and user adoption and competence, particularly among Generation Z students and educators. Moving forward, this paper recommends the development of an inclusive meta-governance framework through the implementation of open-source standards, the formulation of ethical guidelines for biometric data protection, and the provision of structured immersive pedagogical training programs to ensure an equitable, secure, and sustainable future educational ecosystem.
Educational institutions require secure, transparent, and tamper-resistant systems to manage academic records, examination data, and student results while ensuring accountability and data integrity. Conventional marks management systems primarily rely on centralized databases, making them susceptible to unauthorized modifications, security breaches, limited traceability, and single points of failure. The proposed blockchain-based university student marks management framework utilizes academic information collected from institutional administrative records, including student details, faculty information, academic structures, subject allocations, examination schedules, marks, and result data. The workflow incorporates secure user authentication using SHA-256 hashing, AES-based encryption of sensitive marks data, role-based access control, blockchain transaction validation, and smart contract execution for academic operations. Ethereum blockchain, Solidity smart contracts, Flask, Web3.py, MetaMask, and Ganache are integrated to implement secure record management, immutable storage, result publication, audit trail generation, and academic analytics. Performance evaluation is conducted using blockchain transaction processing, encryption efficiency, data integrity verification, access control validation, audit traceability, and result dissemination correctness. Experimental results demonstrate reliable storage of academic records, secure handling of examination information, accurate result processing, comprehensive audit logging, and effective protection against unauthorized modifications while maintaining complete transaction transparency. The proposed architecture significantly enhances the security, reliability, transparency, and trustworthiness of university examination and academic record management systems.
This study addresses the persistent challenges of limited transparency and inefficiency in accounting information systems, particularly in the context of financial reporting and auditing. It aims to examine the role of blockchain in enhancing transparency and improving audit processes within accounting systems. The research adopts a systematic literature review approach by analyzing 43 selected academic articles and relevant industry reports published between 2019 and 2026. The analysis focuses on identifying key characteristics, mechanisms, and implications of blockchain adoption in accounting practices. The findings indicate that blockchain has strong potential to improve data transparency, traceability, and reliability through features such as distributed ledgers, immutability, and smart contracts. These characteristics support real-time financial reporting and enable more continuous and efficient audit processes. The study also identifies several implementation challenges, including regulatory uncertainty, high adoption costs, and limited professional expertise. Furthermore, this research proposes a conceptual framework integrating blockchain into accounting information systems to support better governance and decision-making. The study contributes to the growing discourse on digital transformation in accounting, particularly in emerging economies.
Ethereum sebagai platform smart contract banyak digunakan untuk dApps, namun Ethereum (Layer 1) masih menghadapi kendala skalabilitas ketika aktivitas transaksi meningkat, yang berdampak pada kemacetan jaringan, naiknya latensi, dan biaya transaksi yang tinggi. Makalah ini menyajikan kajian literatur yang berfokus pada rollups sebagai solusi utama Ethereum Layer 2 untuk mengurangi beban pemrosesan transaksi pada Layer 1. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review terarah dengan sintesis tematik terhadap literatur yang membahas: sumber masalah skalabilitas di Ethereum Layer 1, konsep dan arsitektur rollups, perbedaan Optimistic Rollups dan Zero-Knowledge Rollups, serta tantangan implementasi rollups pada kondisi nyata. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa rollups menjadi pendekatan dominan karena menggabungkan transaksi dalam batch untuk diproses di Layer 2, lalu melaporkan ringkasan/bukti ke Layer 1 sehingga efisiensi biaya dan kapasitas transaksi meningkat. Namun, efektivitas rollups bergantung pada aspek operasional dan keamanan seperti ketersediaan data, mekanisme penarikan dana, serta risiko ketergantungan pada operator/penyedia infrastruktur. Secara keseluruhan, rollups efektif sebagai solusi skalabilitas Ethereum, tetapi memerlukan penguatan desain keamanan dan keandalan operasional agar dapat diadopsi lebih luas.
The rapid increase in distributed mobile e-learning systems has resulted in numerous security threats, including student data protection, secure access, transparency, and decentralized education management. Traditional cloud-based e-learning systems have been prone to various risks, such as centralization vulnerability, data access violations, identity theft, and lack of scalability in a highly variable wireless learning environment. This paper proposes a blockchain-integrated, privacy-preserving, distributed mobile e-learning architecture for securely and autonomously managing student data. In this framework, blockchain technology will be used for ensuring a decentralized ledger, lightweight cryptography, smart contract-based authentication, and distributed data storage. Blockchain transaction verification, data encryption and sharing, distributed data storage, and smart contract execution are the methodologies utilized by this system to ensure secure academic record and activity management in a mobile environment. The evaluation of the proposed architecture will involve performance measurement of the following parameters: authentication accuracy, privacy protection capability, transaction processing speed, throughput, and data storage efficiency. It was revealed from experimental studies that the suggested approach provided 98.3% in terms of identification, 97.5% in relation to data privacy protection, and 91.8% concerning storage efficiency compared to other methods, including traditional cloud-based learning systems and previous blockchain-based education platforms. In addition, the suggested system enabled reducing the transaction time to 190 ms and increasing the throughput speed up to 465 transactions per second, which proves its high efficiency and capability of functioning in a distributed wireless environment. Therefore, it can be stated that introducing blockchain technology in distributed mobile e-learning systems enhances the level of privacy, resilience against malicious attacks, traceability, and autonomy in controlling personal information. The introduced concept provides a basis for designing a highly reliable and scalable framework for the future generation of wireless educational communities based on the management of decentralized and reliable data.
The integration of blockchain technology into e-learning ecosystems offers a foundational shift toward secure, transparent, and decentralized educational architectures. Despite this potential, current literature reviews frequently remain descriptive, lacking the depth of systematic comparative analysis. To bridge this gap, this study conducts a rigorous critical survey of blockchain-based e-learning research published from 2018 through 2025. Following PRISMA protocols, we evaluate the literature using a novel multi-dimensional analytical framework that simultaneously cross-examines four interdependent evaluation axes: (1) blockchain architectural design (public vs. permissioned), (2) consensus mechanism suitability for educational throughput, (3) privacy-preservation technique alignment (e.g., Zero-Knowledge Proofs, off-chain storage), and (4) regulatory compliance posture (GDPR/FERPA). This combinatorial lens, applied specifically to e-learning systems, distinguishes our framework from prior single-criterion evaluations. We qualitatively compare and critically evaluate educational blockchain applications against conventional centralized learning management systems, employing a structured multi-criteria analytical framework. Furthermore, our filtering process yielded 56 eligible studies, from which 22 pivotal works were selected for in-depth analysis to suggest an original taxonomy. Our analysis identifies enduring obstacles like interoperability, governance, and regulatory compliance (such as GDPR/FERPA) while highlighting a strategic shift toward permissioned networks and hybrid storage models. In conclusion, this work advances the conversation beyond simple introductory talks by providing practical design approaches for the upcoming blockchain-enabled learning environments.
Penelitian ini menganalisis fungsi Non-Fungible Token (NFT) sebagai instrumen experience marketing dalam penyelenggaraan Prambanan Jazz Festival (PJF), yang menjadi salah satu festival musik pertama di Indonesia yang mengadopsi NFT sebagai sistem membership dan ticketing berbasis blockchain sejak 2022. Menggunakan kerangka Experiential Marketing Schmitt (1999) dengan lima Strategic Experiential Modules (SEMs), penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana ekosistem NFT mengaktifkan dimensi-dimensi pengalaman tersebut. Pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan wawancara mendalam dilakukan terhadap empat belas narasumber, terdiri atas pemegang NFT dari berbagai tier kepemilikan serta jajaran penyelenggara festival. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelima modul SEMs berhasil diaktifkan, namun dengan efektivitas yang tidak merata. Modul Feel paling konsisten lintas seluruh tier melalui rasa kepemilikan aset digital yang persisten dan nilai simbolik eksklusivitas. Modul Sense dan Act hanya teraktivasi secara bermakna pada tier menengah keatas, sementara modul Relate menjadi titik terlemah akibat komunitas yang bersifat musiman. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi tiga dimensi nilai NFT PJF, yakni nilai fungsional, simbolik, dan finansial. Implementasinya terkendala oleh sistem gacha yang menciptakan kesenjangan pengalaman antar tier, kompleksitas teknis bagi pengguna berliterasi rendah, serta ketidakkonsistenan benefit lintas tahun. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan NFT PJF merupakan inovasi yang hadir mendahului kesiapan ekosistemnya, namun memiliki potensi signifikan apabila dikembangkan melalui desain pengalaman yang lebih inklusif, distribusi benefit yang berkeadilan, dan strategi komunitas yang berkelanjutan.
Currently, tickets scams and counterfeits are the main issue within the ticket purchasing platforms. This creates an unfair pricing strategy and diminishes users' confidence in them. Traditional platforms have issues with transparency, cannot control unauthorized re-selling and excessive buying. Rexell uses a combination of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence for solving these problems. The tickets are generated from smart contracts in the form of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) for providing security and traceability. The AI anti-scalping component monitors users' actions and informs about any potential scam activities, including use of bots and fast transactions. The implementation of the controlled resale process with permission from the organizers prevents price manipulation. The system strives to be convenient, safe, transparent and have fraud prevention algorithm. The experiment proves that the proposed approach is effective in preventing the scam attempts and increasing the integrity of the system.
Michael Kah Ong Goh, Yu-Xian Cheng, Check-Yee Law, Connie Tee · 6 authors
Traditional ticketing systems often suffer from major drawbacks such as ticket fraud, duplication, inflated resale prices, lack of transparency, and centralized control over transactions. These issues result in reduced trust and limited flexibility for both event organizers and ticket buyers, especially in unregulated secondary markets. To address these gaps, this paper presents the design and development of a Decentralized Ticketing System (DTS) using Web3 technologies. The system leverages Ethereum blockchain, smart contracts written in Solidity, and NFT-based ticket issuance to ensure security, transparency, and verifiable ownership. Features include wallet-based login via MetaMask, multi-ticket purchasing, QR-based validation, controlled resale pricing, and seller revenue withdrawal. Smart contract reliability is enhanced using OpenZeppelin libraries and tested with Mocha and Chai. By decentralizing control and automating ticket processes, the proposed DTS enhances current practices by offering a more secure, tamper-proof, and user-centric ticketing alternative that mitigates fraud and enables transparent peer-to-peer interactions. The architecture of this system integrates a decentralized storage and interaction layer that connects the blockchain smart contracts with a web-based user interface which allow organizers to create events and sell tickets while buyers can securely browse, purchase, and manage their digital assets. The system also demonstrates how blockchain-based ticketing can improve traceability, reduce intermediaries, and support fairer event ecosystems for stakeholders across industry.
Muhammad Husnul Hamdala, Erna Kumalasari Nurnawati, Yuliana Rachmawati Kusumaningsih, Suparyanto
The threat to blockchain security has become increasingly critical in the era of quantum computing. This study analyzes the potential risks of quantum computers against crypto by simulating five attack scenarios using Shor’s Algorithm and Grover’s Algorithm. Shor is employed to exploit weaknesses in the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) by factoring large integers to obtain private keys, while Grover accelerates the search for valid hashes or inputs, reducing complexity from O(2ⁿ) to O(√2ⁿ). The testing environment was built on a local Ethereum network using Ganache, with attack scripts implemented through Node.js, Python (Qiskit), and Hardhat. The results demonstrate that both quantum algorithms can compromise smart contracts, proof-of-stake consensus mechanisms, user wallets, and public key cryptography. Attacks were successfully carried out without original private keys, showing potential for asset theft, consensus manipulation, replay attacks, and increased computational load that could disrupt network availability. Although the simulations were conducted on classical hardware, the findings provide a realistic perspective that large-scale quantum computers will significantly increase the risk of blockchain security breaches. These findings emphasize the urgency of transitioning to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) through approaches such as lattice-based cryptography, hash-based signatures, and layered authentication. Implementation strategies can be divided into three phases: short-term (0–1 year) contract audits, wallet security reinforcement, and developer education; medium-term (1–2 years) PQC testing on crypto testnets and adoption of quantum-resistant validator nodes and long-term (1–3 years) full migration from ECDSA to PQC through key rotation and infrastructure updates.
Teknologi informasi dan komunikasi kini sebagai media yang memfasilitasi berbagai kegiatan di GKPS Cililitan. Salah satunya adalah untuk proses pemilihan personel pada masa periodisasi Gereja. Pada saat ini proses pemilihan personel di GKPS Cililitan masih dilakukan secara manual, dimana masih menggunakan kertas untuk menulis nama kandidat pilihan dan papan untuk proses penghitungan yang juga secara manual di saksikan oleh seluruh anggota rapat yang hadir. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempermudah proses periodisasi di GKPS Cililitan, baik secara proses pemilihan dan proses penghitungannya yang dapat di pantau secara realtime sehingga proses pemilihan bisa diselesaikan lebih cepat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian action research dengan pendekatan kualitatif serta pengembangan sistem yang digunakan yaitu metode prototyping. Dalam pembuatan sistem ini menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Typescript, Javascript, Solidity, CSS serta menggunakan framework Next.JS 14 dan Hardhat yang dikemas dalam 1 bundle development kit Scaffold.eth. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebuah sistem pemilihan elektronik berbasis web3 dan teknologi blockchain yang diharapkan dapat membantu mengelola proses pemilihan serta penghitungan suara secara realtime di GKPS Cililitan.