Марат Ібатуллін, O. Vasylenko, Iryna Zakryzhevska, Віталій Карпенко
The article examines current trends in the adaptation of international food trade to the requirements of the European Union and global food safety standards under conditions of increasing competition, digitalization of trade processes, and transformation of global agri-food markets. It has been determined that Ukraine’s integration into the European economic area is accompanied by the need to harmonize national legislation with EU sanitary, phytosanitary, and technical regulations, improve food quality control systems, and strengthen the institutional framework of international trade. It is substantiated that compliance with international food safety standards is becoming a key prerequisite for enhancing the competitiveness of agri-food products in foreign markets and expanding Ukraine’s export potential. The impact of non-tariff barriers, certification procedures, and product traceability requirements on the functioning of international food trade is analyzed. It is established that the modern model of international agri-food trade is shaped by stricter requirements for environmental responsibility of producers, digital traceability of supply chains, implementation of ESG-oriented approaches, and the development of electronic certification systems. Particular attention is paid to the role of digitalization of trade procedures, electronic document management, blockchain technologies, and digital platforms in ensuring transparency of international supply chains, reducing administrative costs for enterprises, and accelerating customs clearance procedures for export operations. It has been proved that the adaptation of international food trade to global food safety standards requires comprehensive modernization of the state regulatory system, development of laboratory and certification infrastructure, improvement of customs and logistics procedures, and expansion of digital integration among agri-food market participants. It has been determined that important directions for increasing the efficiency of international trade include harmonization of the regulatory framework with international requirements, implementation of risk-based control mechanisms, support for exports of value-added products, and development of digital food traceability systems. It is substantiated that the implementation of the proposed measures will contribute to increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian agri-food products, strengthening food security, expanding access to international markets, and forming a modern model of international food trade in accordance with EU requirements and global food safety standards.
Andrii Pecheniuk, Igor Harasymchuk, Pavlo Potapskyi, Mykola Vusatyi
The article provides a comprehensive substantiation of the conceptual foundations and strategic priorities for the transformation of power supply systems in the agricultural sector amid contemporary global challenges. It is demonstrated that the traditional paradigm of energy supply in the agro-industrial complex has exhausted its potential, necessitating a transition to a qualitatively new management model based on the principles of decentralization, decarbonization, and intellectualization. A thorough diagnosis of the critical state of obsolete network infrastructure has been conducted, and an algorithm for its systemic reengineering is proposed. Particular attention is paid to the development and implementation of the Microgrid concept as a key tool for ensuring local energy resilience. The mechanisms for transitioning agricultural enterprises to autonomous operating modes are investigated, guaranteeing the continuity of critical technological processes even under conditions of destabilization of the national power system. The scientific novelty of the study is expanded through the substantiation of the synergistic effect resulting from the integration of phytotechnologies and renewable energy sources. The role of energy crops and the bioconversion of agricultural waste are described as a basis for forming a closed-loop energy consumption cycle, allowing agribusiness to act as an active subject of energy generation. The specifics of the “green transition” are detailed, where carbon footprint management is considered not merely as an environmental standard but as a strategic asset. The shift in the structure of capital and operating expenditures is analyzed, a methodology for the life cycle assessment of energy facilities is substantiated, and a direct correlation between the decarbonization of power supply and the investment attractiveness of enterprises is identified. The article emphasizes the social and organizational aspects of this transformation. The role of human resources and the necessity of forming new professional competencies among personnel in the context of power facility modernization are highlighted. The advantages of energy cooperation as a form of collective resource management, contributing to the socio-economic revival of rural areas, are substantiated.
Inna Kovalchuk, Victoria Melnyk, Tamara Novak, Anna Pakhomova · 5 authors
The article examines innovative approaches to state support for agribusiness through the implementation of virtual asset technologies in the Ukrainian legal field, taking into account international experience. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to modernize the existing mechanisms for financing the agricultural sector in the context of the digital transformation of the economy and the development of the global crypto-asset market. The authors analyzed the current state of legal regulation of virtual assets in Ukraine, in particular in the context of the Law of Ukraine "On Virtual Assets" and its implementation. Also, it was outlined the main problems and obstacles to the introduction of innovative financial instruments in the agricultural sector including: instability of the regulatory framework, insufficient integration of digital solutions into state support programs, as well as low technological readiness of small and medium-sized agricultural producers. The authors studied the international experience of using blockchain technologies to support the agricultural sector in countries such as the USA, Australia, Singapore and the countries of the European Union. In particular, the authors paid attention to the analysis of legal models of tokenization of agricultural assets and the use of smart contracts to optimize the processes of state subsidies. Based on the analysis, the authors proposed a comprehensive model of integration of virtual asset technologies into the mechanisms of state support for agribusiness in Ukraine. The key elements of this model are: the creation of special legal regimes for agricultural tokens and NFTs, the formation of infrastructure for the digital interaction of farmers with state institutions, the implementation of blockchain solutions for the transparent distribution of subsidies, as well as the development of a legal framework for agricultural digital cooperatives. The authors substantiated the need to amend the legislation of Ukraine, in particular the Law of Ukraine "On State Support of Agriculture of Ukraine", the Tax Code and relevant regulations on virtual assets. Also, the authors identified the potential risks and advantages of the proposed innovations for both agricultural producers and the state. The results of the research are of theoretical and practical importance for the formation of state policy in the field of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, taking into account the global trends in digitalization and the use of distributed ledger technologies to ensure the efficiency, transparency and accessibility of state support for agribusiness. Keywords: virtual assets, blockchain, smart contracts, state support for agriculture, tokenization of agricultural assets, agricultural sector, digital transformation.
The article is devoted to the theoretical and methodological justification of the impact of decentralization reform on the financial capacity of rural communities using the example of Zakarpattia Oblast in the context of martial law and profound socio-economic transformations. The content of decentralization as a key element of multi-level public administration is revealed, and its role in redistributing powers, resources, and responsibilities between the central government and local self-government, as well as in the formation of capable territorial communities, is clarified. Based on the Constitution of Ukraine, the fundamental laws on local self-government, and strategic documents of state regional policy, the institutional foundations of financial decentralization and the formation of local budgets’ revenue base are analyzed. A methodological approach to assessing the financial capacity of communities is proposed, based on the use of an integral index and a system of eleven indicators (revenues, expenditures, budget structure, share of transfers, capital investments, etc.), considering data from the ULEAD with Europe program and the specifics of the war period. Based on empirical data from 2023–2024, differences in financial capacity across rural, settlement, and urban communities were revealed. Trends in the share of communities with high, optimal, satisfactory, low, and critical levels of capacity were outlined, including a decrease in the share of critically weak communities and a gradual strengthening of individual rural communities. Specific attention is paid to the analysis of the financial situation in the communities of Zakarpattia Oblast, where both deterioration in indicators for individual territories and positive examples of capacity growth through intermunicipal cooperation, participation in international projects, and the intensification of local economic development have been recorded. The expediency of using an integrated financial capacity index as a tool for monitoring and justifying targeted state and regional policy measures to support rural communities is demonstrated. Keywords: decentralization, capacity, socio-economic development, finance, rural areas, territorial communities, competitiveness.
Статията изследва въздействието на новата институционална икономика (НИЕ) върху аграрния сектор, като акцентира върху ролята на смарт договорите за намаляване на транзакционните разходи и повишаване на икономическата ефективност. НИЕ разглежда институциите като ключов фактор за координация и управление на икономическите взаимодействия, особено в условия на висока несигурност, специфичност на активите и опортюнистично поведение. Смарт договорите, базирани на блокчейн технология, се представят като иновативен механизъм за автоматизиране на процесите на договаряне, мониторинг и изпълнение на споразумения. Те елиминират необходимостта от посредници, минимизират риска от човешки грешки и увеличават прозрачността във веригата на стойността. Използвайки стохастични модели, статията оценява ефективността на разходите за преки вложения, договорна работа и обслужване на дълга при три сценария – базов, оптимистичен и песимистичен. Резултатите показват значителен потенциал на смарт договорите да трансформират аграрния сектор чрез намаляване на транзакционните разходи и подобряване на рентабилността, особено при пълно внедряване. Въпреки това, приложението им е ограничено от недостатъчно развита инфраструктура, липса на технологични умения и неясноти в регулаторната рамка. Статията подчертава необходимостта от целенасочена институционална подкрепа за преодоляване на тези бариери. Изследването допринася към литературата с интердисциплинарен подход, свързващ теоретични модели и практически анализи, предоставяйки основа за развитие на устойчиви политики в аграрния сектор.
The object of this paper is blockchain technology in the tracking system of grain supply chains. The current study considers the task of determining the impact of blockchain technology introduction on the tracking system of grain supply chains. The key problems in the system of grain supply chains have been identified and the tasks to solve them have been proposed. The characteristics of key technologies in the implementation of blockchain in the system of grain supply chains have been defined, such as smart contracts, the Internet of Things (IoT), interplanetary file system (IPFS), contactless tags (RFID), Ethereum platform (identified as the best for supply chain tracking). The influence of factors on the introduction of blockchain technologies into the grain supply chain tracking system was determined using a SWOT analysis. Strengths include transparency, increased trust, automation of processes and protection against falsification. Weaknesses include high implementation costs, difficulty scaling, and the need for staff training. Opportunities that open up through the use of blockchain include attracting new partners, increasing competitiveness, and developing new markets. Threats include legal difficulties, technical failures, high energy costs, and resistance from market participants. An assessment of the investment attractiveness of introducing blockchain technology into the grain supply chain tracking system was carried out by calculating such indicators as economic effect; net present value (NPV) of implementing blockchain technologies; payback period of investments. According to the results of analysis, the following data were obtained: NPV (150439 a.u.)>0, the payback period of investments is 2.8 years, which is acceptable for large agricultural holdings. Prospects for development have been determined, in particular, the unification of agricultural holdings for the joint implementation of blockchain technologies in the tracking system of grain supply chains, which would be a strategically beneficial solution for all participants in the supply chain
This study explores the potential of blockchain technology to stabilize food supply chains during periods of economic inflation. Economic inflation poses significant challenges to food security, as rising prices can disrupt supply chain transparency, efficiency, and trust among stakeholders. This research develops a conceptual model demonstrating how blockchain can enhance transparency and stability in food supply chains, ultimately improving resilience against inflationary pressures. By providing a decentralized, immutable ledger, blockchain technology allows for real-time tracking of food products from farm to table, enabling better inventory management and demand forecasting. The proposed model integrates key components, including smart contracts, which automate transactions and ensure compliance with quality and safety standards. This feature not only reduces delays but also fosters trust among supply chain participants, such as farmers, distributors, retailers, and consumers. Additionally, the model emphasizes the role of data analytics in harnessing blockchain data to provide insights into pricing trends and inventory levels, facilitating proactive decision-making in response to inflation. Future research directions are identified, focusing on innovations within blockchain technology that could further mitigate the effects of inflation on food supply chains. Potential areas of exploration include integrating artificial intelligence (AI) for predictive analytics, utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) devices for real-time data collection, and developing decentralized finance (DeFi) solutions to enhance liquidity and investment in the agricultural sector. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on blockchain applications in supply chain management by highlighting its potential as a tool for enhancing food security in inflationary environments. By ensuring transparency, improving stakeholder collaboration, and providing actionable insights, blockchain technology can play a pivotal role in stabilizing food supply chains amidst economic fluctuations. Ultimately, this research advocates for the adoption of blockchain solutions as part of comprehensive strategies to safeguard food systems from the adverse impacts of inflation. Keywords: Blockchain Technology, Food Supply Chains, Economic Inflation, Transparency, Stability, Smart Contracts, Predictive Analytics, Data Analytics, Food Security, Decentralized Finance.
Open access
Digitalization and Economic Development in Agriculture
Financial provision of rural territorial communities in conditions of sustainable development is an important aspect of the country's economic and social development. The successful functioning and development of such communities depend on their ability to attract and effectively distribute the financial resources needed to improve infrastructure, education, health care and other vital areas. In the conditions of sustainable development, which involves a balance between economic growth, social well-being and environmental protection, the financial support of rural communities becomes especially important for the preservation of their unique natural and cultural heritage. That is why the purpose of the presented work is to determine the features of financial support of rural territorial communities in conditions of sustainable development. The methods that were used in the formation of the current study are: methods of analysis and synthesis to determine the key aspects of the development of rural territorial communities; methods of induction and deduction to determine the features of the financial provision of territories; method of comparison; logical method; graphical and tabular methods for visual display of research results. Also, as a result of the study, it was proved that the necessity of diversifying the sources of financing is a prerequisite for the financial provision of rural territorial communities. In particular, such communities should actively attract local tax revenues, state support, as well as use the opportunities of international grants and technical assistance programs. At the same time, effective management of resources aimed at the implementation of sustainable development programs, which includes energy saving, development of local businesses and support of environmental initiatives, becomes an important task. In the context of reforming the financial system in Ukraine, financial decentralization is of particular importance, which opens up new opportunities for strengthening the financial independence of rural communities, at the same time placing greater responsibility on them for the rational use of funds. Rural communities can direct the received finances to improve infrastructure, develop social services, support local entrepreneurs, as well as to environmental and energy-saving initiatives.
Павло Чуб, Олена Олександрівна Примостка, Антон Пащенко
Метою статті є аналіз правових аспектів регулювання криптовалют в провідних країнах світу (США та ЄС), дослідження можливостей і переваг інтеграції криптовалюти та блокчейну в банківську систему, а також виявлення потенційних ризиків та викликів, пов'язаних з цим процесом. Розглянуто технічні та правові аспекти (на прикладі США та ЄС) інтеграції криптовалют та блокчейну в банківську систему. Особливу увагу приділено Bitcoin (BTC) та Ethereum (ETH) як найпоширенішим криптовалютам. Аналіз технічних аспектів показав, що ці криптовалюти функціонують на базі децентралізованої технології блокчейну, яка забезпечує безпеку, прозорість та незмінність транзакцій. Проаналізуємо регулювання ринку криптовалют в ЄС. Проаналізовано потенційні ризики та виклики, пов'язані з інтеграцією цифрових активів, такі як висока волатильність криптовалют, проблеми з легалізацією та регулюванням цифрових активів та ключові напрями консалтингу. Серед проблем регулювання криптовалют слід виділити насамперед відсутність правил для спотових ринків та ризики регуляторного арбітражу. Доведено, що інтеграція криптовалюти та блокчейну в банківську систему може бути вигідною для банків та їх клієнтів, проте все ще потребує ретельного вивчення технологічних та правових аспектів задля запобігання насамперед можливим зловживанням та кримінальній діяльності. Проаналізовано ризики, пов'язані з інтеграцією криптовалют та блокчейну в банківську систему.
Purpose. The purpose is to reveal the theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation and application of blockchain technology in the economic activity of agricultural enterprises, taking into account the economic feasibility of their implementation and determining the system of elements of the implementation of blockchain technology in agriculture. Methodology / approach. The following methods were used during the research: analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction – when determining the goal and formulating research conclusions; comparative, calculation, statistical and graphic – when evaluating, analyzing, comparing and determining the current state of implementation of blockchain technology in the economic activity of agricultural enterprises. The method of surveying agricultural producers regarding their awareness of blockchain technology and the benefits of its application was also used. The research used: a theoretical approach (based on the analysis of theoretical aspects of blockchain technology and its application in agriculture) and a practical approach (on the basis of the proposed methodology, the economic feasibility of using blockchain technology in the economic activity of an agricultural enterprise was determined). Results. The main areas of influence of blockchain technology in agriculture have been determined. It has been established that every year the amount of funding for the implementation of blockchain technology is increasing, and the reasons are identified. The world experience of implementing blockchain technology in the economic activity of agricultural producers is considered. The results of a survey of agricultural producers of the Mykolaiv and Kirovohrad regions regarding their awareness of blockchain technology and the benefits of its implementation are highlighted. The objective reasons that affect the implementation of blockchain technology in agricultural production are determined and ways of its popularization are proposed. An action algorithm for the introduction of blockchain technology for agricultural producers has been developed. Agricultural producers who are potentially ready and financially able to implement this technology in their activities have been identified. The main factors affecting the cost of implementing blockchain technology in agricultural production have been identified. A methodology for calculating the economic feasibility of implementing blockchain technology according to optimistic and pessimistic options is proposed, and the calculation of the net present value, payback period, discounted payback period of the project, internal rate of return and the rate of return on the example of a specific enterprise of the Mykolaiv region is carried out. Based on theoretical and practical approaches, a system of elements for implementing this technology in agriculture has been developed. Originality / scientific novelty. The novelty consists in the implementation of a comprehensive theoretical study of the problems and prospects of the implementation of blockchain technology in agriculture; for the first time, a system of elements for the implementation of blockchain technology in agriculture was developed; an algorithm of actions for agricultural enterprises that plan to implement this technology was improved; a methodology for calculating the economic feasibility of implementing blockchain technology in an agricultural enterprise was proposed. Practical value / significance. The results can be used in the process of decision-making by business entities regarding the implementation of blockchain technology and the calculation of its economic feasibility, during the optimization of the processes of management of production, financing, supply chains, etc., as well as by scientists, government bodies and other entities that are interested in implementation of blockchain technology in agriculture.
Topicality. The events of November 2022 showed the absolute instability of Ukraine's centralized energy system. Up to 40% of the centralized energy infrastructure was disabled in two days. Millions of people were left without electricity, heat and water for a long time. Therefore, it is very important to develop the energy sector of the state in the future, taking into account the needs of Ukraine's decentralization policy, in particular, local communitiesAim and tasks. The purpose of the research is to determine the imperatives of decentralization of the energy sector of Ukraine. The main way of developing the energy system of the state is the transition from a centralized to a distributed system. The location of generation systems in united communities makes it possible to switch to systems of cogeneration of electric and thermal energy to increase the efficiency of installed capacities and save fuel significantly by up to 40%.Materials and Methods. The methodological basis for the formation of regional policy should become the best of the world and European practices of the country`s energy sector development. Active use of the methods of system analysis, expert assessment on the implementation of decentralization systems of the energy industry is a guarantee of achieving the priorities of national security of Ukraine in the post-war period. Priority support from the EU and others international donors refers to those projects and programs aimed at decentralization, decarbonization, local economic sustainability and energy independence.Research results. The research substantiates that local communities have great opportunities for using alternative renewable resources for the generation of electricity and thermal energy. First of all, it is biomass, biogas, solar energy, wind energy and geothermal energy. In particular, the authors proved that due to the installation of means of electric energy accumulation, it is possible to raise the level of use of the installed capacities of solar and wind power plants by another 50% and to bring the total level of use of the installed energy capacities to 70%.Conclusions. The active implementation of alternative energy sources into economic practice can become the basis of the national security of the state in the post-war period. It is suggested that Communities use nearby agricultural waste and solid household waste as fuel instead of imported fossil fuel. It is also proposed to create local electric networks combined into virtual power plants within the framework of united communities, including not only all types of generation available on the territory, but also systems of short-term and long-term storage of electric energy. For the long-term storage of large amounts of electrical energy, it is suggested to use accumulators based on cryogenic liquids. It has been proven that due to the installation of means of electric energy accumulation, it is possible to raise the level of use of the installed capacities of solar and wind power plants by another 50% and to bring the total level of use of the installed energy capacities to 70%. Virtual power plants make it possible to significantly increase the amount of generated (consumed) electricity without additional investment costs. Such technologies meet the requirements of the European Union for candidate countries to join the Union and open the possibility of financing projects related to the restoration of the energy system of Ukraine based on renewable sources and advanced energy-efficient technologies.
Вступ. Криптовалюти, такі як Bitcoin, Ethereum та інші, з’явилися на світовому фінансовому ринку близько десяти років тому і з тих пір стали предметом великої уваги. Ці цифрові валюти привернули увагу не лише інвесторів, а й фахівців з фінансів та економіки, які досліджують їх вплив на міжнародні фінансові ринки. Мета. Аналіз впливу криптовалюти на міжнародні фінансові ринки. Наукова новизна. Полягає у всебічному аналізі впливу криптовалюти на міжнародні фінансові ринки в контексті регулювання та регуляторної політики урядів та міжнародних організацій. Робота містить нові результати, які були отримані завдяки аналізу останніх досліджень та статистичних даних, що забезпечує її важливість у розумінні взаємозв’язку криптовалюти та міжнародних фінансових ринків. Результати дослідження. В результаті дослідження було встановлено, що регулювання криптовалютного ринку має значний вплив на міжнародні фінансові ринки. З одного боку, регулювання може забезпечити більшу стабільність на ринку криптовалюти та знизити ризики для інвесторів, що може позитивно вплинути на загальний фінансовий ринок. З іншого боку, неправильне регулювання може призвести до великих коливань цін на криптовалюту та зростання ризиків для інвесторів, що може негативно вплинути на міжнародний фінансовий ринок. Дослідження також показало, що регулювання криптовалютного ринку відрізняється в різних країнах та може мати різний вплив на міжнародний фінансовий ринок. Деякі країни активно регулюють криптовалютний ринок та намагаються забезпечити більшу стабільність на ньому, тоді як інші країни намагаються заборонити криптовалюту або дозволяють торгівлю на незареєстрованих біржах, що може призвести до збільшення ризиків для інвесторів. Також було виявлено, що криптовалюти можуть мати значний вплив на загальний міжнародний фінансовий ринок, зокрема на біржові курси валют та інші фінансові інструменти. Водночас, криптовалюта також може використовуватись як інструмент для захисту від інфляції та інших ризиків на міжнародному фінансовому ринку. Отже, результати дослідження показують, що регулювання криптовалютного ринку має значний вплив на міжнародні фінансові ринки.
The article examines the possibility of increasing the attractiveness of international investments in the Ukrainian solar industry. The nature of alternative energy concepts is studied. A significant place of alternative energy sources in the general system of electricity production. The potential of using solar energy in Ukraine was assessed. The feasibility of using blockchain technology in energy. The advantages and disadvantages of using smart contracts in solar power plant projects to improve the innovation climate in the solar energy sector of Ukraine have been identified.
The purpose of the article is to identify the risks of agricultural development in Ukraine in the context of wartime, to substantiate the economic consequences of the impact of the Russian invasion and the introduction of martial law on the logistics system in the agrarian sector. In the context of the carried out study, the problems faced by agricultural producers in the context of the wartime situation in Ukraine (problems caused by the occupation and hostilities in a large part of the country; disruption of food supply chains and resources necessary for agricultural work; problems for the development of agricultural production as a result of the financial crisis; problems caused by the development of the energy crisis) are identified and systematized. Risks to the agricultural producers’ activities are identified (reduced supply and demand for food products; reduced liquidity of agricultural producers, difficulty in accessing financing; undermining of agricultural land and damage to crops as a result of hostilities; difficulty in purchasing seeds, breeding livestock and poultry, fertilizers, machinery, fuel and lubricants; disruption of value chains and logistics chains; shortage of labor in the agrarian sector). The article emphasizes the ways to mitigate the risks in the context of implementing mechanisms for preventing and/or overcoming such problems by establishing cooperation between Ukraine, the EU and international organizations. The author substantiates the need to change approaches to the further development of the agricultural sector in the areas of development of «short» value chains and logistics, to focus on the decentralized local food production systems, adaptation of conditions and traditions of agriculture to new conditions. Prospects for further research lie in a detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of agricultural development in Ukraine, taking into account the elaborated guidelines.
The subject of the study is theoretical aspects and practical proposals regarding the strategic directions of development of enterprises and institutions of social infrastructure in the countryside under conditions of decentralization. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical principles and practical recommendations regarding the directions of development and increasing the efficiency of the functioning of enterprises of the social infrastructure of rural territorial communities in conditions of decentralization. The methodological basis of the article is the methods and approaches of economic, institutional and theory of sustainable development. In particular, historical, monographic, economic comparisons, statistical-economic, systemic-structural analysis and synthesis were used. Results of the article. As a result of the research, it was found that the main problems of the enterprises of the socio-cultural sphere, respectively, and the strategic directions of development relate to the optimization of their placement and ensuring operation and proper maintenance; expansion of the range of services and their optimization and new forms of provision; development of new sources of financing, motivation of personnel and intensification of community cooperation in socio-cultural activities. The directions of the development of educational institutions relate to improving the quality of educational services, improving the content and organization of training, financing, including and on the principles of implementing the "New Ukrainian School" concept; ensuring budgeting and filling of preschool education institutions with children; increasing the prestige and preserving the network of professional (vocational and technical) education institutions on the basis of duality of education, improving educational programs in cooperation with employers. The directions of development of medical institutions in the village relate to the spread of family and insurance medicine; improvement of primary medical care forms; introduction of innovations in all types of services and financial income "according to the patient". Field of application of results. Conclusions and practical recommendations can be used in the activities of social infrastructure enterprises; business and public organizations; territorial communities and their leadership; the educational process of institutions of secondary special and higher education. Conclusions. A comprehensive analysis of the problems of the development of enterprises and organizations and institutions of the main sectors of social infrastructure in the village (socio-cultural, educational, medical) made it possible to come to the conclusion that they were and in many cases remain acute and require an urgent solution; have different manifestations in accordance with sectoral and territorial characteristics; depend on the effectiveness of the management decisions of the management, community specialists, and the active civic position of all their members. Meanwhile, it is decentralization that allows them to be solved most productively, systematically and in a short time. The financial resources and authorities available to communities already provide and can provide in the future the main strategic directions of the development of social infrastructure enterprises: optimization of the number, placement and capacity of institutions and forms of service provision; introduction of innovations directly into the main activity, management and organization, investment and their modernization.
The article considers and investigates the system of decision making in the production processes of an agricultural enterprise. In dynamic conditions of decision-making and operational adjustments, a methodology of operational analysis of the current situation is needed to obtain the necessary results. Decentralized blockchain-based systems are the most promising for doing business. Usage areas of decentralized systems are production and logistics. Globalized production and distribution of agricultural tasks have brought a new milestone in the development and optimization of existing systems. The growing number of issues related to the optimization of internal processes in enterprises, has caused an urgent need for an effective solution to process tracking, which serves as an important tool for quality management and provides adequate protection of the process in the agricultural production chain. Blockchain is one of the main technologies that can provide innovative solutions for tracking agricultural products and food supply chains. Modern agricultural supply chains are a complex ecosystem that includes a number of stakeholders and therefore complicates the verification of important criteria: country of origin, stages of crop development, compliance with quality standards, yield monitoring. Ethereum Smart Contracts can effectively monitor and seamlessly integrate business operations and workflows for a stable supply of agricultural products. The agricultural sector has great potential for modernization and optimization of production, which in general can be a breakthrough for the economy as a whole. It is thanks to him that the country receives a significant flow of currency. After the abolition of tariffs restricting the supply of products to Europe, new markets were opened for production. Demand for agricultural products is high and by modernizing the management system, we will be able to get even better results. Also, the involvement of information technology provides good conditions for productive and confident development of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises and farms. For example, blockchain technology will provide access to new markets and reduce the bureaucratic burden on the company, simplify communication with suppliers and customers.
Abstract. A Ukrainian intellectual-expert community is at the initial stage of forming a methodological basis of the rural economy ontogenesis that is determined, first of all, by the ongoing decentralization reform, a new role of the rural economy from the national perspective of a new (both coronavirus and post-COVID) economic reality in ensuring food sovereignty, economic recovery of the economy, in general, and rural territorial communities, in particular, with regard to new challenges associated with the ageing of the rural community, de-population, predominance of the rural employment in the rural area and financivization of relationships within the rural economic agents, ultimately creating a new normality of the operation and development of the rural economy. Taking into account that Ukraine has strategically outlined its aspiration for integrating into the European Community having successfully passed a forming phase of group dynamics (according to Bruce Tuckman), has moved to a conflict phase having enlarged its orthodox understanding to the absence of proper parity in the development of socioeconomic, financial-institutional processes inside the rural economy, having created the threats to its transition to comprehensive digitalization and «greening» of finances applied for it. In the European Union, this problematics has been studied and an analysis of searches of directions of its solution has been carried out since the 50s of the past century actualizing the necessity to typologize best regional practices, their implementation from the perspective of the agrarian policy with regard to iteration of the Public Finance Management System Development Strategy, directions of the modernization of state support for agricultural goods producers, a gradual transition from a support institution to an assistance institution. To achieve the goal, which was defined as typologization of theoretical leverages and empirical inter-influences and inter-dependencies of the ontogenesis of the rural economy in the conditions of the implementation, by the European Community, of the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals as the basis for new strategying and financivization (including their «greening») of its development in our country, the methods were used: of induction and deduction, comparison and systematization — in researching the historiography of the notion «rural economy», penetrating it with a «financial» spirit and processes of «greening» financial-economic relationships of the economic agents of the rural economy; of synthesis and analysis — for characterization of financial support (assistance) of the rural economy with regard to modern approaches to the establishment and development of the Common Agricultural Policy in the EU member countries in order to implement a comprehensive regulatory European-colored movement towards digitalization and financivization including the post-COVID financial recovery of the rural economy, the formation of the basis for the financial central focus on local value added; of morphological analysis — for a new parametrization of the rural economy with regard to evolvement of the financial vector towards stimulating agro-producers for sustainable and comprehensive development; a graphical method — for vivid presentation of theoretical and methodical material; а abstract-logical method — for theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions from the conducted research. Formed typologies of theoretical leverages of the rural economy enabled to clearly crystallize the parameters inherent to it only, in particular: goal-oriented collaboration of various economic activity types carried out within the rural territorial community in order to form local value added, ensure local food sovereignty and food security, create conditions for developing integrated corporate associations based on symbiomatics of the agrarian and construction economies; both enterprises (corporations, agro-food clusters) and individual entrepreneurs as well as households determining the operation of the food market and focusing the financial system on the respective genotype of economic agents involved in the rural economy, act as the entities of the rural economy; the compliance id provided, with the principle of sustainable and inclusive development, the «green» ontogenesis of the system of state support (assistance) of agro-producers; the orientation is substantiated, towards a new scaling of rural construction projects, social infrastructure including that involved in counteracting a coronavirus infection providing conditions for meeting the intellectual-staff needs of economic agents-stakeholders of the rural economy. Conducted generalization enabled to single out a number of modernization stages of the EU Common Agricultural Policy, in particular, in terms of mass-qualitative and mass-variable characteristics of financial support (assistance) of agro-producers as well as characterize the current central focus in their development on the rural economy institution expressed, in particular, through rural territories (rural territorial communities) in terms of promoting implementation of village-saving projects of rural development and solution to financial-economic, social and ecological problems of the rural area. A new European-colored parametrization of the rural economy has become a basis for formulating an own conceptual-categorical construct, in particular, the «rural economy» and its related financial-economic categories and notions as a system of the economic agents, whose activities being associated with the rural territory envisage using natural and other raw-material-climatic resources to meet the food needs of the community and perform financial-economic, social-food functions within the modelity of the operation of the national economy, with regard to the basic principles of sustainable and inclusive development, «greening» of state and local finances etc. The proposed definition relying on laid foundations in scientific studies of Ukrainian and foreign academic economists and actual parameters of development of rural territories, in particular, in respect of the mechanisms of financial support (assistance) in the EU member countries promotes further formation of the methodological basis for the harmonization of co-development of agrarian and financial policies in order to stabilize the rural economy, give it the signs of sustainability and European-formed financivization priorities. Keywords: rural economy, financivazation, state support (assistance), agriculture, rural territory, agrarian policy, state and local finances, natural-climatic resources, «green» finances. JEL Classіfіcatіon Q18 Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 20.
Dmytro Nemish, M. Gumeniuk, Іван Баланюк, Діана Шеленко · 5 authors
Goal. To reveal the modern features of the functioning of personal farms (PF), to highlight the main problems and prospects for their development. Methods. The methodological basis of the study formed general and special methods: abstract, analysis and synthesis, comparative, graphical, analytical groupings, sociological, computational and constructive. Results. The analysis of the structure of agricultural products is carried out. It is established that the share of PF in its production is significant and will contribute to the food supply of the region. Research confirms that the specialization of PF is regulated by the area of available agricultural land and production. It is determined that the development of these farms, turns them into major producers of most types of agricultural products. PF can compete with the public sector in some aspects of its activities, to promote the restructuring of the agricultural sector of the economy, to influence the change of land, property and labor relations. The main problems in their activities are the low level of technical equipment, high cost and complexity of products, limited financial resources and sales opportunities, changes in the socio-demographic situation in rural areas. The newly created united territorial communities (UTC) may solve these problems. Conclusions. The development of PF in a market economy is one of the conditions for the survival of the modern rural family. Several options for the transformation of PF depending on their area have been identified, in particular, the transformation into family farms. At the level of UTC, it is advisable to use measures aimed at stimulating the development of PF in the existing form and in the form of family farms to increase the efficiency of the industry and improve the financing of rural residents.
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Mykola O. Kyzym, Yevhen I. Kotliarov, Viktoriia Ye. Khaustova
The article is aimed at defining the main tendencies in the development of centralized heat supply in Ukraine. Objective prerequisites for the use of centralized heating sources, as well as levels of development of heat supply systems of settlements are identified. It is determined that the development of heat supply systems largely depends on climatic conditions and the climatic characteristics of certain cities of Ukraine are considered. The main stages of construction of district heating systems in localities of Ukraine are formed. Types of heat supply of cities of Ukraine are identified. The genesis of development of heat generation and heat supply processes in Ukraine is researched. The peculiarities of formation of the national legislative framework for regulation of issues on production and consumption of heat energy are analyzed. The provisions of the Concept for the implementation of the State policy in the sphere of heat supply are analyzed. Based on the carried out analysis, it is determined the following: firstly, the imbalance of financial capabilities and needs for financing investment projects of heat supplying enterprises, as well as a shortage of investment resources, which requires careful substantiation of investment programs, directions and order of modernization and reconstruction of available capacities; secondly, shifting the focus to the powers of local authorities (through decentralization of public administration), which received broad powers to license and set tariffs for heat energy, but at the same time received a wider range of obligations to maintain heat supply systems in working condition; thirdly, the lack of medium- and long-term planning for the development of heat supply systems in localities, which largely explains the current state of the heat supply sector. It is substantiated that such features of the current state of heat supply in Ukraine require the development of new approaches to planning and implementation of works on organizational-technological modernization of heat supply in conditions of limited financial resources.
Vasyl A. Holian, Nataliia Medynska, Yu.B. Zastavnyy
It is determined that the economic mechanism of economic management of the nature is a set of methods, means, instruments and forms of budget-tax and financial-credit regulation of economic development and use in the reproduction process of the natural component of national wealth, as well as the implementation of activities aimed at the reproduction of natural resource potential and environmental protection. It is substantiated that in the current socioeconomic and political-legal conditions, the economic mechanism of economic management of the nature operates with an overly narrowed specification of methods and instruments, which makes it impossible to fully ensure a sufficient level of financing for the implementation of environmental projects and priorities for expanded reproduction and enhance of the natural resource potential. It is proved that in the unfavorable conditions of the European natural gas market for the national economy and crisis phenomena caused by the curtailment of business activity due to the spread of the coronavirus pandemic, budgetary opportunities for financing environmental expenditures are limited. Researches have shown that in the dynamics of the real value of environmental expenditures of both the State and local budgets in 2002-2020 in general, there is a downward trend, which indicates a real decrease in the volume of public financing of environmental protection. It is substantiated that due to the deregulation of land relations, that is, the transfer of the State-owned agricultural land outside settlements to communal ownership, additional resource opportunities have been formed to increase the efficiency of the use of instruments of the economic mechanism of economic management of the nature at the local level. It is determined that in the conditions of an overly unified system of budget and tax regulation of economic management of the nature and limited opportunities for financing environmental activities, ensuring a high level of efficiency of functioning of the economic mechanism of economic management of the nature at the local level requires the installation of a complex of incentives into the range of its instruments and methods. Such incentives will orient the entities of agrarian entrepreneurship to the introduction of additional capacities of organic farming, organic cattle breeding and organic feed production. It is substantiated that such incentives are represented by tax and budget preferences.
Олена Тодорівна Прокопчук, Y.V. Ulyanych, S. Ptashnyk
Reform of local autonomy and local organizational power has been fully initiated in Ukraine since 2015. Decentralization is one of the biggest changes in the process of European integration, aimed at forming a real local autonomous government, starting from the basic level — united communities. The newly formed community of the united territories must be able to provide the existing government and provide public services at the appropriate level. The main level of socio-economic stability in the administrative region largely depends on the correspondence and balance between the received financial resources and powers. It is expected that the introduction of the agricultural land market may lead to significant changes in the tax structure of integrated communities. The status and trends of formation and development of local budgets are influenced by certain provisions of the regulatory framework. Currently, the revenue side of the local government budget relies too much on government programs and grants, which complicates the work of local communities in the process of self-stimulating their economic development. At the same time, it is proved that special attention should be paid to the search for additional revenues to local budgets, which would compensate for the expected losses from the personal income tax on shares. It is also necessary to take measures to improve the administration process and ensure the proper implementation of the fiscal function of local taxes and fees. In particular, there is an objective need to study the possibility of transferring the administration of certain local taxes and providing access to relevant registers (in the case of property tax) to local governments, which will ensure adequate local tax revenues to relevant budgets and partially address the tax debt.
The article deals with the social and economic development of rural areas as an important component of social and regional policy. It is noted that in the terms of a transformational economy, it should be based on new principles of organizational support and financing, support for integrated rural development, attracting investment resources, based on the needs of the rural population. It is determined that one of the main causes of the crisis in the Ukrainian countryside is the loss of state control over the processes of socio-economic development of rural areas. It is investigated that the most important precondition for overcoming the crisis is the creation of an effective system of state regulation in the rural sector of Ukraine. The formation of self-sufficient (in particular in financial terms) territorial communities of rural areas is proposed is one of the ways of socio-economic development of rural areas. It is analyzed that the state policy of Ukraine in the field of local self-government is based on the interests of residents of territorial communities and provides for decentralization of power, i.e. transfer of large amounts of power, resources and responsibilities from local governments to local authorities. This policy is based on the provisions of the European Charter of Local Self-Government and the best world standards of public relations. The focus of research is state regulation of rural development processes – the main priority of public policy in the vector of European integration of Ukraine's foreign policy. Increasing the importance of solving the problems of rural areas requires a change of state orientation in the direction of increasing the investment attractiveness of rural areas, introduction of structural adjustment of rural economic infrastructure to balanced multifunctional development, formation of organizational and economic tool for risk management and safety of rural development. It is established that one of the main conditions for the effective functioning of local budgets is to ensure the formation of sufficient financial resources for their independence and autonomy in order to meet the needs of the rural population.
Rural areas occupy the major part of the territory of Ukraine, but they are characterized by low levels of socio-economic development, limitations in the amount and quality of public services, negative demographic trends. The purpose of the article is to systematize modern means of financing rural development in Ukraine and to identify problems of their application by local governments. The authors proposed to improve the mechanism for financing rural development by active use its budgetary, credit and investment instruments. The prevalence of budgetary funding, whose limitation constrained rural development, was proven. Modern approaches to financing rural development were stated based on broadening community involvement in local budgeting, as well as in attracting investment resources.
It has been found out that government subventions are the most powerful support instrument for rural development in the spheres of infrastructure, education, health care, etc. The possibilities of financing rural development through the development budgets under financial decentralization have been investigated. It was noted that the use of participatory budgeting and other forms of project finance most clearly demonstrated real democratic transformations in local finance in Ukraine. The proposals for the use of PPP agreements, crowdfunding, and international funds’ grant programs for financing rural development were provided.
Стаття присвячена сутності та порядку відображення в бухгалтерському обліку операцій з криптоактивами суб’єктами господарювання в умовах розвитку світової економіки. Розглянуто криптовалюту як різновид цифрових грошей. Охарактеризовано найвідоміші види криптовалют та стан криптовалютного ринку протягом 2019 року. Розглянуто правове регулювання криптовалюти в різних країнах. Окрему увагу приділено питанню визнання та нормативно-правовому регулюванню обліку криптовалюти в Україні. Встановлено, що криптоактиви можуть бути оприбутковані на баланс суб’єкта господарювання шляхом придбання, отримання як засобу платежу за продукцію, товари, роботи та послуги, набуті внаслідок інвестицій на ринку криптовалют та одержані самостійно внаслідок криптовалютного майнінгу. В процесі дослідження доведено, що криптоактиви потребують методичного та теоретичного обґрунтування в умовах нестабільності діючого законодавства. Запропоновано здійснювати облік криптоактивів за допомогою міжнародних стандартів фінансової звітності. Описано принцип роботи блокчейну та наведено переваги використання цієї технології як самостійної системи для ведення бухгалтерського обліку криптовалюти.