Blockchain Papers

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271 papersLast indexed Aug 31, 2026
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Jul 5, 2022·JISIP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan)
4 cites
PENGGUNAAN SMART CONTRACT PADA TEKNOLOGI BLOCKCHAIN UNTUK TRANSAKSI JUAL BELI BENDA TIDAK BERGERAK

Effrida Ayni Fikri, Teddy Anggoro

The advancement of technology has impact on the notarization process. Before blockchain technology being introduced, the notarization process had been done in traditional matters: seller meets buyer, negotiation process, contract making, the parties should be known by the notary, the parties signed the contract, and so on. Those stuff are not relevant anymore with smart contract, because the basic idea of the smart contract’s existence is eliminating the function of the intermediary, so the parties could be connected directly and virtually, without the intervention from the middleman. All the ease of transaction provided by the smart contract does not necessarily eliminte it from shortcomings. The burden of proof on smart contracts is still questionable because, physically, smart contracts can only be accessed by all the parties involved.

Open access
2 source records
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Legal Studies and Policies
Original source
Jun 30, 2022·INICIO LEGIS
2 cites
Penggunaan Bitcoin Dalam Cryptocurrency Terhadap Pendanaan Terorisme

M Alief Thoifurqoni Assyamiri, Aris Hardinanto

Pendanaan dalam sebuah tindak pidana merupakan salah satu faktor pendukung yang dapat menjadikan suatu tindak pidana dapat dilakukan. Saat ini telah berkembang jenis mata uang baru berbentuk digital, yakni mata uang kripto. Kehadirannya tentunya memberikan peluang yang lebih luas terhadap setiap pelaku tindak pidana yang akan mendanai sebuah aksi tindak pidana. Salah satunya ialah pendanaan terorisme. Pendanaan terorisme di Indonesia telah diatur dalam undang-undang No. 9 Tahun 2013 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pendanaan Terorisme. Namun praktiknya undang-undang ini masih belum dapat adaptif terhadap perkembangan jenis media pembayaran yang baru. Sehingga isu hukum yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini meliputi bagaimana legalitas penggunaan bitcoin dalam cryptocurrency dalam melakukan pendanaan terorisme. Penelitian hukum normatif digunakan dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperjelas terkait dengan legalitas berlakunya mata uang kripto di Indonesia, dikarenakan pengaturan yang telah dikeluarkan oleh BAPPETI dan menteri keuangan hanya memberlakukan mata uang kripto sebagai aset, bukanlah alat pembayaran. Sehingga perlunya pengaturan lebih lanjut berupa undang-undang yang menjadi legalitas terhadap mata uang kripto sangat diperlukan.

Open access
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Legal and Social Justice Studies
Original source
Jun 30, 2022·Acta Diurnal Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan dan ke-PPAT-an
10 cites
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT & KOMERSIALISASI NON-FUNGIBLE TOKEN (NFT): PELUANG, TANTANGAN DAN PROBLEMATIKA HUKUM DALAM PRAKTIK

Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran, Ranti Fauza Mayana, Tisni Santika, Universitas Pasundan · 8 authors

Artikel ini menganalisis Non-Fungible Token (NFT) sebagai aset digital serta beberapa masalah hukum yang timbul terkait NFT terutama di bidang hukum kekayaan intelektual diantaranya pelindungan hak cipta serta konstruksi hukum kepemilikan hak cipta atas NFT dan korelasinya dengan pengembangan kekayaan intelektual (intellectual property development) dan komersialisasi NFT. Melalui penelitian deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif, hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa walaupun di Indonesia belum ada regulasi khusus yang secara eksplisit mengatur Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT), hak dari creator karya secara umum dilindungi oleh Undang – Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta, namun dari sudut pandang intellectual property development, NFT menghadirkan potensi pengembangan dan komersialisasi karya melalui media digital yang memiliki jangkauan luas serta memberikan peluang monetisasi yang lebih optimal. Terdapat beberapa tantangan misalnya terkait perlindungan hukum, digital theft dan konversi / minting karya tanpa izin dari pencipta / pemegang hak cipta yang asli. Dalam memformulasikan solusi dari permasalahan tersebut, penting untuk dipertimbangkan solusi dari aspek legal maupun aspek teknologi sebagai model perlindungan terhadap kekayaan intelektual dari ancaman pelanggaran yang diakibatkan oleh teknologi pula. Pendekatan teknologi misalnya melalui Technologies Protection Measures (TPM), Anti Copy Devices, Access Controlling Devices / Digital Envelope, Proprietary Viewer, Watermarking / Fingerprinting, Metering Systems maupun Electronic Copyright Management System (ECMS), sedangkan dari aspek legal dapat dilakukan formulasi regulasi pelindungan Hak Cipta dengan pendekatan teknologi seperti halnya Digital Millenium Copyrights Act 1998 (DMCA) yang diterapkan di AS, pendekatan kontraktual antar para pihak yang berkepentingan juga dapat diambil sebagai upaya memberikan pelindungan hukum dan kepastian hukum.

Open access
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Original source
Jun 22, 2022·Rechtsidee
4 cites
Lack of Protection for Non-Fungible Token (NFT) Creators in Indonesia: A Progressive Legal Study

Dina Aidah Norasari

This article presents a normative legal research that aims to provide legal protection guarantees for creators of Non-Fungible Token (NFT) works from a progressive legal perspective. The research used a statutory approach and concept approach to examine the implications of NFT on the existing legal framework. The results confirm that NFT requires special regulations to protect creators' rights, including revising the Copyright Law and developing regulations to affirm NFT's character. The study recommends that NFT works be included in copyright through extensive and futuristic interpretation, and the government's legal policy should specifically regulate NFT and issue certificates of NFT works to ensure legal protection and certainty. Overall, this research highlights the need for proactive legal responses to technological developments such as NFT, which can have economic value and require legal protection.Highlights:
 
 Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) require special legal protection for creators due to their economic value.
 Revising Copyright Law and developing regulations to affirm NFT's character are recommended.
 NFT works should be included in copyright through extensive interpretation and the government should issue certificates of NFT works to ensure legal protection and certainty.

Open access
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Original source
Jun 16, 2022·At-Tasyri Jurnal Hukum dan Ekonomi Syariah
0 cites
LAW OF BITCOIN INVESTMENT

Rifqy Tazkiyyaturrohmah, Muhammad Tahrizul Amin

This research aimed to understand the Bitcoin investment mechanism and the legal expert opinion towards it. The research used empirical juridical method with sociological juridical approach. The results shown the investment mechanism divided into mining and trading activity. The legal expert opines, in Islamic views, mining is allowed to do because there were two akad forms did and has no element of maysîr on it, also, Bitcoin trading is allowed to do while compatible with sharia principal. Whereas in positive law views, these two activities cannot be shaded by the existing regulation, such as Civil Code, The Currencies Law, Electronic Information and Transaction Law, and Bank of Indonesia Regulation. Although it can be associated with these regulations, the Bitcoin investment still need to regulate in specific role, so it gives the legal certainty to society.
 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mekanisme investasi yang dilakukan serta pandangan pakar hukum terhadap fenomena tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme investasi Bitcoin yang dilakukan dapat berupa mining, dan trading. Pakar hukum berpendapat bahwa, dalam perspektif Islam, aktivitas mining boleh untuk dilakukan karena terdapat dua akad yang berbeda selama prosesnya serta tidak mengandung unsur maysîr, dan trading Bitcoin boleh untuk dilakukan selama tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip syariah. Sedangkan secara hukum positif, kedua aktivitas tersebut belum bisa dinaungi oleh regulasi yang ada, seperti KUH Perdata, Undang-Undang Mata Uang, Undang-Undang ITE, serta Peraturan Bank Indonesia. Meskipun terdapat unsur-unsur yang berkaitan dengan regulasi tersebut, investasi Bitcoin perlu diatur secara tertulis dalam peraturan khusus yang berbeda, sehingga akan memberikan kepastian hukum terhadap masyarakat.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Original source
Jun 6, 2022·Berkala Ilmu Perpustakaan dan Informasi
4 cites
Tinjauan literatur argumentatif tentang kepemilikan data arsip digital non-fungible token (NFT) pada teknologi blockchain

Achmad Fachmi, Nina Mayesti

Introduction. NFT scheme is used to certify the authenticity of digital records. It is also to provide a code for the original (genuine) data recorded on the blockchain. NFT creates a single data that cannot be duplicated in digital records. The misuse of NFT authentication to illegally certify other people's data have become a problem. Data Collection Methods. This study used an argumentative literature review with a qualitative approach. It used literature data sources from various fields related to the basic concepts of archival science as a basic analysis. Data Analysis. The analysis process consisted of several stages, namely reading the reviewed literature, summarising, analysing, and synthesising them critically and deeply. Results and Discussion. The concept of development related to data ownership issues can be formulated by collaborating with user communities, developers, and digital service designers (ecosystems). As a preventive measure, understanding the logistical consequences of data security threats was very helpful. This included authenticity, integrity, confidentiality, and authorisation, they served as important points to reduce risk. Conclusion. The NFT concept continues to develop dynamically. A more in-depth study and the involvement of archival science are necessary, thus, NFT scheme can build trust in digital records regarding the issue of data ownership.

Open access
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
Original source
Jun 1, 2022·Dirasat Shari a and Law Sciences
2 cites
Smart Contracts Used in the Blockchain: A Juristic Stud

Saba mohammed mostafa Alboul, Hayel Abd-alHafeez Yousef Dawood

Objectives: The research aims to clarify the ruling on forming smart contracts using the blockchain technology, and the related conditions and pillars of legality. Methods: The researchers used a descriptive approach to describe smart contracts and the pillars on which they are based, an inductive approach by extrapolating the scientific material related to the topic of research from ancient fiqh books, contemporary books, and an analytical approach to clarify the legality of smart contracts using the blockchain, its pillars and related conditions. Results: The study concluded that the concept of smart contracts that are formed using blockchain is a contemporary technological term, and there is no agreement on an overarching definition of it. This is because the technology through which these contracts are formed is constantly evolving. The study also found that blockchain technology is the infrastructure for implementing smart contracts, and it is a special type of decentralized database. It also concluded that the pillars of the smart contract, such as the formulation, the contracting parties, and the subject of the contract are in essence compatible with the pillars of the contract in Islamic jurisprudence. The legality of smart contracts used in the blockchain is determined by the smart contract through which they are made, and the legal ruling for conducting contracts using the blockchain follows the contract that is done through it. The principle in these contracts and the contractual conditions based on them is that they are permissible as long as they do not violate Shari’a when concluding them via blockchain. Conclusions: The researchers recommend examining the possibility of benefiting from blockchain technology in developing financing formulas in Islamic banks.

Open access
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Original source
May 30, 2022·Al-ISTINBATH Jurnal Hukum Islam
6 cites
The Legality of Smart Contract in the Perspectives of Indonesian Law and Islamic Law

Munawar Munawar

This study aims to determine the legal status of smart contracts from the perspective of Indonesian law and Islamic law through a comprehensive literature review. The revolution of the internet and smartphones has changed human life, as happens in smart contracts. This difference in character between smart and conventional contracts has not been fully anticipated by applicable law. That is why the urgency of fiqh renewal or reform of the law in the cyberspace era. Although smart contracts are still in their infancy, and there are still many critical issues that need to be resolved, the results of the literature research show that the smart contract has fulfilled the principles in the agreement/contract in Islamic law . According to the ITE Law, a smart contract can be interpreted as an agreement referred to in Article 1313 of the Civil Code, "an act where one person binds himself to one or more other people". Although this study is not sufficient, this needs to be elaborated from the perspective of Indonesian law. The most important things in smart contracts to comply with the Islamic law are: the sequence of processes in the smart contract must comply with Islamic law, the object being transacted must be halal, the perpetrators have complied with the provisions of the Islamic law, fixed price during the contract period and the number of parties involved in the contract may increase over time.

Open access
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Legal Studies and Policies
Original source
May 24, 2022·Borobudur Law Review
9 cites
How are NFT (Non-Fungible Token) transactions reviewed according to Islamic law?

Nur Rizqi Febriandika, Fadli Fadli, Denizar Abdurrahman Mi’raj

In the current digitalization era, many people are motivated to increase economic income in many ways, one of which is using digital technology NFT (Non-Fungible Token). The use of technology contained in NFT has a positive impact on people who have expertise in digital art; this is used to significantly increase economic income. This study discusses the history of NFT, the mechanism of buying and selling NFT, the characteristics of NFT and the view of Islamic law on buying and selling NFT transactions. The purpose of this study is to find out what is meant by NFT, the history of NFT, characteristics of NFT, how the mechanism of NFT sales is, and to find out how Islamic law views NFT buying and selling transactions. This research is a type of qualitative research; the author uses a descriptive-analytical approach which is classified as a qualitative research type by searching through library data or library research. The results of this study found that the history of NFT began in the BC era (Before Cryptokittes) 2012-2016, Cryptokitties and Cyptopunks (2017-2021), and the Decentraland Era (Metaverse) (2021-present). The law of buying and selling NFT is not found in the Koran or Hadith specifically but can be studied based on the pillars and conditions of buying and selling that have been regulated in Islamic law. According to Islamic law, transactions in the sale and purchase of NFT are included in the permissible sale and purchase; the transaction of buying and selling NFT is considered valid as a form of buying and selling in Islam because of the terms and pillars of the sale and purchase have been fulfilled.

Open access
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
Original source
Apr 21, 2022·KRTHA BHAYANGKARA
25 cites
Hak Karya Cipta Non-Fungible Token (NFT) Dalam Sudut Pandang Hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual

Dewi Sulistianingsih, Apriliana Khomsa Kinanti

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis karya cipta Non Fungitable Token (NFT) dalam kerangka Hak Kekayaan Intelektual. Perkembangan teknologi di bidang perdagangan menjadikan seniman lebih mudah untuk mempublikasikan karya untuk dijadikan karya yang memiliki nilai jual yang menghasilkan. Non-Fungible Token (NFT) merupakan salah satu media untuk digunakan dan sangat membantu seniman untuk berkembang. Meskipun NFT ini sudah ada sejak tahun 2014, namun masih banyak orang yang belum memahami seperti apa sistem kerja NFT ini. Keadaan ini dapat menimbulkan kebingungan terkait siapa yang menjadi pemegang hak cipta dan hak milik ketika karya tersebut sudah berkali-kali dipindahtangankan atau diperjualbelikan. Artikel ini memfokuskan diri pada karya cipta non fungible token dalam sudut pandang hukum hak kekayaan intelektual. Problem dalam artikel ini yaitu: yaitu hambatan dalam melakukan perlindungan hukum pada karya cipta non fungible token dalam kerangka hukum hak kekayaan intelektual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan studi pustaka dimana menggunakan teknik deskripsi. Data yang terkumpul akan diolah dan dianalisis. Hasil dari pembahasan ini yaitu Hak cipta hanya diberikan kepada pembuat karya tersebut sedangkan hak milik dapat diberikan kepada setiap pihak yang membeli karya tersebut. Kemudian adanya NFT yang masih minim regulasi maka membutuhkan perlindungan hukum terhadap karyanya dan disini yang menjadi payung hukum adalah hak kekayaan intelektual. Setiap karya yang ada pada NFT akan tercatat dan terdaftar secara HKI agar setiap karya terlindungi secara hukum.

Open access
2 source records
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Legal Studies and Policies
Original source
Apr 20, 2022·Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis
3 cites
Urgensi Penggunaan Smart Contract dalam Transaksi Jual Beli di E-Commerce

Laila Alfina Mayasari Rizqi, Dedi Prasetya

Penggunaan internet yang semakin masif kini mempengaruhi dunia perekonomian yang ditandai dengan lahirnya E-Commerce. Mekanisme E-Commerce yang tidak mempertemukan penjual dan pembeli secara langsung ini memunculkan berbagai permasalahan atas syarat subjektif dan objektif perjanjian jual beli. Oleh karena itu, artikel bertujuan untuk menganalisis urgensi penggunaan konsep perjanjian berbasis teknologi Smart Contract dalam transaksi jual beli di E-Commerce. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah penggunaan Smart Contract dalam transaksi jual beli di E-Commerce dinilai sangat penting melihat keunggulan dari segi keamanan, verifikasi, perubahan isi perjanjian, dan kekuatan pembuktian.

Open access
FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Original source
Apr 6, 2022·Sultan Agung Notary Law Review
2 cites
Juridical Overview of the Use of Smart Contracts in Indonesia as a Form of Artificial Intelligence Development

Muhammad Rizqon Baihaiqi, Siti Ummu Adillah, Dahniarti Hasana

Apart from the problems in terms of data security in the midst of blockchain-based business development in Indonesia, it turns out that another problem in smart contracts is that the use of Smart Contracts in Indonesia is actually still a discourse among legal experts regarding the validity of smart contracts. The aims of this research are: a) To find out and analyzeimplementation of the use of smart contracts in Indonesia; b) To know and analyzeobstacles in implementing smart contracts in Indonesia and their solutions; c) To know and analyzelegal remedies that can be taken in the event of a dispute between the parties in the smart contract; d) To find out examples of deeds inthe use of smart contracts in Indonesia as a form of artificial intelligence development." Researchers used normative research specifications with secondary data sources. Stages to find the target, then used the approach through legislation (statute approach). The results were juridical review of the use of smart contracts in Indonesia based on Article 1320 of the Civil Code.Article 1338 of the Civil Code explains that “all agreements made legally valid as law for those who make them”. One of the uses of smart contracts on Ethereum. Thereuem's smart contract has the name ERC20.Article 3 Regulation of the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency Number 5 of 2019 concerning Technical Provisions for the Implementation of the Physical Market of Crypto Assets on the Futures Exchange, Bitcoin which can be traded on the Futures Exchange.Barriers to implementing Smart Contracts in Indonesia and their solutionsimplementing ISO-based Information Security Management or the simplest following the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) framework. ISO 27001:2013 is the latest ISO 27000 series released in 2013. ISO 27001:2013.Article 30 Paragraph (3) in conjunction with Article 40 Paragraph (3) of Act No. 1 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions.

Open access
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
Original source
Apr 1, 2022·Jurnal Lex Renaissance
0 cites
Pembangunan Hukum Nasional Menghadapi Non-Fungible Tokens Dalam Revolusi Digital

Aufar Abdul Aziz

The purpose of this study is to analyze: first, the form and legal consequences that occur in Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) transactions. Second, the role of legal development in dealing with NFT transactions in the era of the digital revolution. This is an empirical legal research as it examines NFT transactions that exist in the community with the approach to laws, legal principles, legal norms and existing legal theories. First, there are still obstacles in NFT transactions from a legal perspective, such as smart contracts executed in the blockchain system that have left several important elements of the agreement. Besides this, NFT itself has the potential to become a ground for cyber money laundering crimes because in blockchain technology it is possible to use anonymous and assets that are in the NFT have a high value as money laundering crimes that have taken place, money laundering often uses valuable assets. And the self-assessment tax reporting system allows individuals not to make tax payments. Second, the development of national law in dealing with NFT must prioritize efficiency as in the economic approach to Posner's law, in addition to the development of laws that create public order, laws that reflect values in society. It also requires the political will of the government in the law making process and law enforcement process in cyberspace, in order to present effective and efficient laws and regulations and law enforcement processes.

Open access
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Legal and Social Justice Studies
Original source
Mar 29, 2022·Jurnal Fundamental Justice
18 cites
Pelindungan Hukum atas Pelanggaran Hak Cipta pada Karya Seni yang dijadikan Karya Non Fungible Token (NFT) pada Era Ekonomi Digital

Bio Bintang Gidete, Muhamad Amirulloh, Tasya Safiranita Ramli

Perkembangan teknologi yang ada saat ini telah memberikan suatu kemudahan bagi masyarakat dalam mengakses internet untuk dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai bidang salah satunya di bidang perekonomian. Dalam kegiatan perekenomian melalui media digital dikenal istilah ekonomi digital. Kegiatan ekonomi digital tidak dapat terlepas terhadap objek-objek Hak Cipta yang menjadi barang yang diperjualbelikan. Melihat bahwa mengkaji masalah Hak Cipta yang pada akhirnya akan bermuara kepada konsep hukum itu sendiri, terutama menyangkut upaya pelindungan terhadap hasil karya seni dua dimensi dalam bentuk Non Fungible Token (NFT). Kegiatan jual beli karya seni NFT dalam media digital membawa angin segar bagi para seniman, Namun hal ini juga menghadirkan permasalahan bagi beberapa pihak dalam melindugi karya ciptanya dari perbuatan-perbuatan yang merugikan pencipta. Maka penelitian ini dimaksudkan guna memahami pelindungan hukum bagi pencipta terhadap karya seni dua dimensi dalam media digital, memperlancar kegiatan perkenomian serta untuk mengetahui tindakan hukum yang tepat bagi pencipta atas pelanggaran hak cipta di dalam media digital. Pada penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian normatif yakni penelitian terhadap bahan pustaka serta dengan data sekunder melalui pendekatan yuridis normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analitis, sehingga pada penelitian ini akan ditinjau dan dianalisis regulasi yang berkaitan dengan pokok permasalahan. Terhadap hasil penelitian ini telah jelas menunjukkan bahwa sejatinya Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta dan Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik belum mengatur secara komperhensif terhadap karya seni dua dimensi dalam media digital. Dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang muncul pencipta dapat melakukan tindakan hukum berupa gugatan ganti rugi di pengadilan niaga atau mengajukan laporan pidana serta membuat laporan penutupan konten dan/atau hak akses ke Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual apabila dirasa terjadi pelanggaran hak cipta pada karya seni pencipta dalam media digital.

Open access
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Original source
Mar 18, 2022·Jurnal Ilmiah Galuh Justisi
9 cites
PENGARUH NFT TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN HAK CIPTA DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN

Alis Yulia, Rima Duana, Nina Herlina

Meskipun teknologi ini sudah ada sejak tahun 2014, namun beberapa waktu ini Media Sosial Twiter digaduhkan dengan berita mengenai Non-Fungible Token atau populer disebut dengan NFT. Sejatinya NFT bertindak seperti kepemilikan aset digital dengan bentuk NFT terpopuler adalah jpeg, gif dan video. NFT saat ini menjadi sangat populer karena mampu merevolusi bidang gaming dan barang koleksi. Dalam segi kekayaan intelektual, NFT bisa dilihat sebagai alat penyederhanaan. Seorang pemilik hak cipta dapat memutuskan untuk mengubah hak cipta yang ia miliki menjadi NFT, sehingga mempermudah hak ciptanya untuk dijual, diperdagangkan, dan dikomersilkan. Teknologi ini mengautentikasi dan merancang salinan sah media digital. Hal ini memungkinkan seniman, musisi dan profesi lainnya untuk menjual karyanya dalam bentuk aset digital yang bisa dikoleksi. Namun teknologi dibalik NFT memiliki potensi besar dalam hal aplikasi terutama tentang dampaknya terhadap lingkungan. NFT membutuhkan energi dalam jumlah besar untuk melakukan perhitungan rumit menggunakan komputer canggih dan perangkat keras penambangan khusus. Peralatan tersebut membutuhkan banyak daya dan menghasilkan panas dalam jumlah besar, yang menghasilkan emisi karbon. Kata Kunci : Hak Kekayaan Intelektual, NFT, Dampak Lingkungan.

Open access
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Original source
Feb 26, 2022·Jurnal Preferensi Hukum
4 cites
Kajian Yuridis Mengenai Legalitas Cryptocurrency di Indonesia

Ida Ayu Samhita Chanda Thistanti, I Nyoman Gede Sugiartha, I Wayan Arthanaya

Technological advances in the world are very helpful in payment systems that are safe, fast and confidential. Currently, it has also given birth to a rapidly growing currency, namely cryptocurrency, but Indonesia still does not have definite regulations regarding the use of cryptocurrencies. The purposes of this research are to examine the regulation of cryptocurrency legality based on the Indonesian Positive Law and to examine the legal sanctions in the event of a criminal use of cryptocurrency in Indonesia. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach. The legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials that have authoritative properties. To obtain valid data in the field, the researcher uses library techniques, recording techniques, and combines it with normative legal research and makes a law that is both inductive and deductive. The data were analyzed by legal argumentation and descriptive analysis to obtain a systematic comprehensive picture. The results of the study reveal that the regulation of the legality of using cryptocurrencies in Indonesia is no longer referred to as “digital money”, but “commodities” regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency in CoFTRA rules No. 3 of 2019 and CoFTRA No. 5 of 2019. It is expected that policy holders will issue strict regulations and sanctions related to the use of crypto currency for crimes against the use of cryptocurrencies for the public and investors as users of Crypto Assets in Indonesia.

Open access
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Legal and Social Justice Studies
Original source
Feb 19, 2022·Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi
9 cites
Perlindungan Hukum dan Pengenaan Pajak Bagi Investor Cryptocurrency di Indonesia

Dhimas Candra Andrianto

The significant increase in crypto investment in Indonesia is very high. This is indicated by the increase in crypto transactions, especially bitcoin and the increasing number of member investors in Indodax as one of the crypto transaction platforms in Indonesia. However, this increase is not supported by laws and regulations that can protect investors against their funds that have been deposited on a crypto transaction platform due to platform errors or due to fraud that is rampant in the cryptocurrency world. The fairly high increase in investment has also attracted the attention of the Indonesian government in collecting income taxes for investors in the crypto world which can increase the government's coffers of wealth destined for national development. However, there is also no regulation that regulates how much and how the income tax will be imposed. imposed on investors. So tthe problem arises as to how legal protection is for crypto currency investors in Indonesia and how income taxes can be imposed on crypto investors. The problem approach used in this research is the statutory approach, and the conceptual approach. Legal protection for CryptoCurrency investors is in the form of supervision from BAPPEBTI, supervision from the Investment Supervisory Task Force, security protection from crypto asset market managers and law protection form UU ITE. The imposition of crypto taxes can be imposed as well as the final share income tax, which is 0.1% of the gross amount of crypto asset sales transactions.

Open access
SMEs Development and Digital Marketing
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Islamic Finance and Communication
Original source
Feb 10, 2022·Mahadi Indonesia Journal of Law
13 cites
Tata Kelola Pembentukan Regulasi Terkait Perdagangan Mata Uang Kripto (Cryptocurrency) sebagai Aset Kripto (Crypto Asset)

Maria Arbina, M Ilham F Putuhena

Investasi kripto (Cryptocurrency) sangat berkembang saat ini baik secara global maupun di indonesia, Cryptocurrency dapat digunakan sebagai alat pembayaran atau mata uang yang merupakan tujuan pertama diciptakannya mata uang tersebut, dan sisi lainnya adalah sebagai komoditas atau sebagai aset digital yang lazimnya disebut sebagai Aset Kripto atau Crypto Asset. Sebagai alat pembayaran, cryptocurrency dilarang di Indonesia tetapi sebagai aset di perbolehkan untuk diperdagangkan. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana tata kelola pembentukan regulasi terkait perdagangan mata uang kripto (cryptocurrency) sebagai aset kripto (crypto asset) saat ini? dan Bagaimana pengaturan yang dibutuhkan untuk membangun tata kelola regulasi yang lebih komprehensif terkait aset kripto (crypto asset)?, dari hasil penelitian terdapat pengaturan terkait dengan Aset Kripto yang dikeluarkan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2011 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 1997 Tentang Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi, dan Peraturan Menteri perdagangan serta peraturan Bappebti. Tetapi beberapa aspek pengaturan masih belum diatur seperti terkait dengan perlindungan investor/pelanggan aset kripto dalam Bursa/ Pasar Fisik Aset Kripto.

Open access
2 source records
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Legal Studies and Policies
Original source
Feb 1, 2022·DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
0 cites
LEGAL PROTECTION ON BITCOIN PRICE MANIPULATION

Wardah Yuspin, Wijaya B.A.

The latest technological advancement resulted in the creation of innovations, such as cryptocurrency, namely virtual money that functions as a tool of exchange as well as a form of investment. A popular form of cryptocurrency is bitcoin. Bitcoin prices often fluctuate, which opens the risk for price manipulation that may bring loss to others. This paper aims to analyze the legal protection of bitcoin price manipulation. This descriptive research uses the doctrinal or the normative approach. The data of this research is obtained from secondary data, i.e., literary legal materials. Results show that the price manipulation in bitcoins happened due to the ‘pump and dump’ activity. ‘Pump and dump’ is the most dangerous crime in the cryptocurrency market, as the crypto assets are bought in large amounts (‘pump’), thus causing the price to steeply increase. Then, it is sold in large amounts (‘dump’) so the price falls drastically and it returns to the point before the pump. This is categorized as a cybercrime. All the parties that experience loss from this crime have the right to obtain legal protection and to undergo legal efforts. Then, the legal effort includes the litigation method through the court or the non-litigation method by resolving disputes outside of the court.

Open access
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Legal Studies and Policies
Original source
Feb 1, 2022·DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
5 cites
LEGALITAS CRYPTOCURRENCY DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KEJAHATAN PENCUCIAN UANG

Yolanda Adelia Bella Lestari Sam, Messy Rachel Mariana Hutapea, Suyudi Setiawan

Abstract The rapidly growing currents of globalization and technology are having a tremendous impact on the joints of human life. The one that's currently high and hyper preoccupied is Cryptocurrency (virtual money). Cryptocurrency is a nonformable, yet it is essentially a digital form of digital data or information in the digital form of electronic transactions. Cryptocurrency currently is often used as a cover for criminal offence. Basically, the use of Cryptocurrency has two sides: profit and surplus. Therefore, the study aims to analyze whether Cryptocurrency is a criminal money laundering crime and how legality of the Indonesian use of Cryptocurrency is based on regulations. The research of journal used normative legal methods, constitutional approaches and conceptual approaches. The result of the study as a virtual currency has been debated because it has two sides of a double-edged knife. Cryptocurrency directly benefits the transaction process to those who make the transaction and are safer for the users. However, it can help to facilitate and provide virtual (digital) crime and help crime members more safely washing off their crime results. The legality of the use of Cryptocurrency in Indonesia, when using it as a payment, would not be a valid one because it would not fit the regulations of the law, but instead, cryptocurrency could be traded through a physical trader of crypto assets in the stock exchange. Key word: cryptocurrency; criminal offence; virtual money Abstrak Arus globalisasi dan teknologi berkembang dengan pesat yang memberikan dampak yang luar biasa terhadap sendi kehidupan manusia. Salah satunya yang saat ini ramai dan banyak di perbincangkan adalah cryptocurrency (uang virtual). Cryptocurrency merupakan benda niaga yang tidak berbentuk, namun pada dasarnya berbentuk digital berupa data atau informasi dalam bentuk digital dalam transaksi elektronik. Cryptocurrency pada saat ini sering dijadikan sebagai penyamaran dari sebuah tindak pidana. Pada dasarnya Penggunaan cryptocurrency memiliki dua sisi yaitu keuntungan dan kelebihan. Sehingga Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa apakah cryptocerrency termasuk Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Pencucian Uang dan bagaimana legalitas penggunaan cryptocerrency di Indonesia yang didasarkan Peraturan perundang-undangan. Pada penelitian jurnal ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif, dan menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang serta pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitiannya adalah mata uang virtual (cryptocurrency) telah menjadi perdebatan karena memiliki dua sisi pisau yang bermata dua dan sama-sama tajamnya. Secara langsung cryptocurrency memberikan banyak manfaat bagi proses transaksi bagi para pihak yang melakukan transaksi dan lebih aman bagi penggunanya. Namun, disisi yang lainnya dapat membantu untuk memfasilitasi dan menyediakan kejahatan dunia maya (dunia digital) serta membantu anggota pelaku kejahatan lebih aman dalam mencuci hasil kejahatannya. Legalitas penggunaan cryptocurrency di Indonesia, apabila menggunakan sebagai alat pembayaran maka bukanlah alat yang sah karena tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, Namun, sebaliknya cryptocurrency atau asset crypto dapat diperdagangkan melalui pedagang fisik yang berupa aset kripto di bursa berjangka dan dapat dimiliki. Kata kunci: cryptocurrency; tindak pidana; uang virtual

Open access
Legal Studies and Policies
Legal and Social Justice Studies
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Original source
Jan 1, 2022·Universitas Airlangga Repository (Universitas Airlangga)
0 cites
Pelaksanaan Smart Contract Dan Perlindungan Hukum Sektor Agri Blockchain Di Indonesia

Fikri Adiyasa Rosidin

Smart contract lahir dari pemanfaatan tekonologi blockchain yang terdiri dari susuan algoritma komputer. Smart contract diciptakan oleh Nick Szabo pada tahun 1994 sebagai kegiatan transaksi menggunakan komputerisasi untuk menjalankan ketentuan-ketentuan yang telah diatur di dalam kontrak. Salah satu sifat dari smart contract adalah adanya self executing yang mampu memberikan keamanan para pihak. Dirancang dengan menggunakan kriptografi yang memberikan efisiensi dalam pelaksanaan kontraknya. Dengan menggunaan tekonologi blockchain di dalam smart contract dapat memberikan manfaat bagi perkembangan bisnis. KarakteristIk dalam teknologi blockchain adalah desentralisasi yang tidak begantung dengan pihak ketiga, transparan dalam perekaman transaksi yang ada, terbuka untuk umum dan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh semua orang, mandiri, tetap dan kerahasiaan. Smart contract mampu membawa perubahaan dalam pelaksanaan kontrak yang diikuti dengan perkembangan teknologi saat ini. Dalam pelaksanaanya di Indonesia smart contract harus dapat memenuhi syarat sahnya suatu perjanjian agar dapat diakui sebagai suatu kontrak yang sah serta dapat memberikan perlindungan bagi para pihak. Selain itu dalam UU ITE smart contract yang dikategorikan sebagai salah satu kontrak elektronik. Pemanfaatan smart contract telah diaplikasikan kedalam beberapa sektor, salah satunya sektor pertanian. Dengan pemanfaatannya disektor pertanian akan mampu memberikan manfaat kepada berbagai pihak seperti petani, lembaga perbankan/ finansial, perusahaan asuransi pertanian, industri pangan, dan industri teknologi dan manufaktur melalui pertukaran data yang dilakuakaan.

Open access
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Legal and Social Justice Studies
Original source
Jan 1, 2022·Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Law, Social Science, Economics, and Education, ICLSSEE 2022, 16 April 2022, Semarang, Indonesia
0 cites
Legal Aspect of Cryptocurrency Transactions in Indonesia

Eddy Herwani, Rineka Sara

Cryptocurrency is a digital currency system where the user uses digital payments for business activities carried out that function as a standard currency. A statutory method as well as a conceptual approach were used in this study carried out in a normative juridical manner based on statutory regula

Open access
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Islamic Finance and Communication
Original source
Dec 31, 2021·Ikatan Penulis Mahasiswa Hukum Indonesia Law Journal
19 cites
Optimalisasi Penanggulangan Kebocoran Data Melalui Regulatory Blockchain Guna Mewujudkan Keamanan Siber di Indonesia

Inaz Indra Nugroho, Reza Pratiwi, Salsabila Rahma Az Zahro

Pada era disrupsi saat ini, inovasi teknologi dan informasi terus mengalami perkembangan, salah satu contohnya adalah e-commerce. Namun pada pelaksanaannya, masih dijumpai beberapa kelemahan, salah satunya dalam sistem keamanan siber yang mengatur perlindungan data pribadi milik pengguna ecommerce yang mengakibatkan kebocoran data pribadi. Selain itu, belum adanya peraturan khusus terkait perlindungan data pribadi menyebabkan banyaknya permasalahan terkait kebocoran data pribadi. Hal ini bertentangan dengan Pasal 28G ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD NRI Tahun 1945) yang menyatakan bahwa setiap orang berhak atas perlindungan diri pribadi. Penulisan ini memiliki tujuan untuk membantu mewujudkan penegakan keamanan siber di Indonesia. Karya tulis ilmiah ini menggunakan metode penulisan yuridis empiris. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu studi lapangan dengan melakukan wawancara dan studi kepustakaan, seperti peraturan perundang-undangan, buku dan jurnal. Ketika data sudah terkumpul, kemudian dianalisis mengunakan metode kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisa yang telah dikumpulkan, bahwa sistem keamanan siber di Indonesia masih membutuhkan inovasi terhadap perlindungan data pribadi, yaitu berupa sistem keamanan blockchain. Penggunaan sistem blockchain memerlukan sebuah payung hukum agar keberadannya dapat mengurangi permasalahan kebocoran data pribadi. Berkaitan dengan hal itu, diperlukan kebijakan terkait sistem keamanan siber yang memiliki orientasi pada era disrupsi terhadap perlindungan data pribadi, yaitu Regulatory Blockchain. Dalam pelaksanaannya membutuhkan peran stakeholder, seperti Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika, serta Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara untuk merealisasikan Pasal 28G ayat (1) UUD NRI Tahun 1945.

Open access
Legal and Social Justice Studies
Legal and Policy Analysis in Indonesia
Indonesian Legal and Regulatory Studies
Original source