El presente trabajo busca indagar las comunidades NFT (Non-Fungible Tokens), a través del estudio de caso de la colección CryptoPunks como ensamblajes desterritorializados con una clara postura ética de descentralización de los mercados (financiero y del arte), teniendo en cuenta las interpretaciones del sentido(s) de la acción, tanto a través de teoría filosófica cercana a la comunidad Crypto como la percepción de usuarios y expertos en la materia. La investigación busca encontrar dicho sentido a través de un análisis, tanto del nivel semántico como pragmático, distinguiendo entre los discursos manifiestos y las prácticas que se llevan a cabo en la Blockchain, con particular énfasis en la red de Ethereum, para hacer énfasis en los mecanismos que permiten dicho ensamblaje. De igual manera, se espera esbozar la importancia de la interacción humano-no humano en el campo sociológico, enfocándose en las potencias de sociabilidad que son establecidas tanto semántica como pragmáticamente en los desarrollos técnicos y tecnológicos, teniendo en cuenta la pertenencia a la época actual, de creciente automatización y algoritmización de las interacciones. A manera de conclusión, encontramos que la eticidad se distribuye diferencialmente entre el momento semántico y el pragmático, pues los discursos fundacionales y los usos que llevan a cabo los coleccionistas distan en sus sentidos. Los discursos suelen argumentar a favor de la descentralización de la economía, privilegiando formas heterónomas y heterárquicas de construcción de valor y subjetividades; mientras que los usos llevados a cabo por los coleccionistas suelen ir en el sentido de maximizar inversiones que fueron puestas en los bienes digitales atados a los contratos NFT, por ende, la comunidad es sujetada en la medida en que la especulación de una colección mantenga su momento ascendente. La comunidad, gestada como un ensamblaje a partir de su motivación por la velocidad, desterritorialización y descodificación es captada por usuarios cooptados por los discursos del capital en cuanto empresario de sí, caracterizando los bienes de arte digitales como maximizadores de capital y encerrándose en un bucle similar a las prácticas bursátiles.
Régis Barondeau, Axel Guitton, Shima Masoumi, Pablo Campos
This article examines the discourses surrounding non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in gaming and identifies companies involved in NFTs in the Quebec gaming scene. NFTs boomed in the gaming industry in 2021 and continued to grow in 2022, even as the value of gaming coins plummeted. If successful, some believe they could bring new opportunities to the gaming landscape. We conducted an online ethnography in early 2022 through an innovative web-scanning approach and curation process powered by a professional market intelligence platform. Data was collected from various sources and analyzed via statistical analysis software to understand the discourses of companies, gamers, researchers, and insiders. Findings show that the technical and economic discourse is at least ambivalent if not negative, while the gamer discourse is mostly negative. The burgeoning Quebec scene is currently very limited and divided into two groups: large gaming companies and startups. Despite the crypto-enthusiast craze, our analysis shows that early projects were often criticized by traditional gamers and that professionals in the sector remain skeptical.
Seonmi Kim, Y. C. Lee, Yejin Kim, Joohwan Hong · 5 authors
Recommender systems have become essential tools for enhancing user experiences across various domains. While extensive research has been conducted on recommender systems for movies, music, and e-commerce, the rapidly growing and economically significant Non-Fungible Token (NFT) market remains underexplored. The unique characteristics and increasing prominence of the NFT market highlight the importance of developing tailored recommender systems to cater to its specific needs and unlock its full potential. In this paper, we examine the distinctive characteristics of NFTs and propose the first recommender system specifically designed to address NFT market challenges. In specific, we develop a Multi-Attention Recommender System for NFTs (NFT-MARS) with three key characteristics: (1) graph attention to handle sparse user-item interactions, (2) multi-modal attention to incorporate feature preference of users, and (3) multi-task learning to consider the dual nature of NFTs as both artwork and financial assets. We demonstrate the effectiveness of NFT-MARS compared to various baseline models using the actual transaction data of NFTs collected directly from blockchain for four of the most popular NFT collections. The source code and data are available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/RecSys2023-93ED.
Copyright law safeguards the exclusive rights of authors to their intellectual creations, emphasizing reproduction, public display, and adaptation. A fundamental distinction within this realm is between the intangible creative work and its tangible representations. Owning a tangible embodiment (like a painting) does not grant rights to reproduce the intellectual work it embodies. This demarcation is critical in the dynamic landscape of non-fungible tokens (NFTs), as acquiring an NFT does not automatically confer rights to the associated work. Instead, rights hinge on explicit contractual terms accompanying the NFT transaction. As the world of NFTs continues to unfold in all sorts of directions, delving deep into the intricacies of copyright law is important for artists, investors, and legal practitioners navigating the digital frontier. This chapter offers insights into the various copyright implications associated with NFTs.
Before a good can be purchased, it must be understood who has the authority to sell it, and once a purchase has been made, ownership must be transferred from the seller to the purchaser. The solution provided by NFTs allows parties to agree on a common agreement i.e., smart contract of what constitutes ownership. Digital artists truly faced many problems in the ownership and credit of their artworks in fast growing digital world. They are worried about conducting online exhibitions of their artworks because it can be easily forged or replicated by someone. The same problems apply to real-world works of art, although things are a bit simpler when it comes to determining their authenticity. Blockchain is a revolutionary technology and will have great positive effects in our business environment soon. NFT stands for Non-Fungible Token. An NFT can be considered just a digital form of real-world entities. They are traded online, generally with different types of cryptocurrencies.
Non-fungible token (NFT) is a tradable unit of data stored on the blockchain which can be associated with some digital asset as a certification of ownership. The past several years have witnessed the exponential growth of the NFT market. In 2021, the NFT market reached its peak with more than $40 billion trades. Despite the booming NFT market, most NFT-related studies focus on its technical aspect, such as standards, protocols, and security, while our study aims at developing a pioneering recommender system for NFT buyers. In this paper, we introduce an extreme deep factorization machine (xDeepFM)-based recommender system, NFT.mine, which achieves real-time data collection, data cleaning, feature extraction, training, and inference. We used data from OpenSea, the most influential NFT trading platform, to testify the performance of NFT.mine. As a result, experiments showed that compared to traditional models such as logistic regression, naive Bayes, random forest, etc., NFT.mine outperforms them with higher AUC and lower cross entropy loss and outputs personalized recommendations for NFT buyers.
Among the earliest projects to combine the Meta-verse and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) we find Decentraland, a blockchain-based virtual world that touts itself as the first to be owned by its users. In particular, the platform’s virtual wearables (which allow avatar appearance customization) have attracted much attention from users, content creators, and the fashion industry. In this work, we present the first study to quantitatively characterize Decentraland’s wearables, their publication, minting, and sales on the platform’s marketplace. Our results indicate that wearables are mostly given away to promote and increase engagement on other cryptoasset or Metaverse projects, and only a small fraction is sold on the platform’s marketplace, where the price is mainly driven by the preset wearable’s rarity. Hence, platforms that offer virtual wearable NFTs should pay particular attention to the economics around this kind of assets beyond their mere sale.
Ayesha Kalhoro, Asif Ali Wagan, Abdullah Ayub Khan, Jim‐Min Lin · 7 authors
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are individual tokens with valuable information stored inside them over blockchain technology. They can be purchased and sold like other physical and virtual art pieces because their worth is mostly determined by the market and demand. The unique data of NFTs render it simple to verify and authenticate their ownership and transfer of tokens between owners. However, in Pakistan, developers cannot acquire different licences to accomplish their projects not because they cannot afford it, but because they cannot invest in every piece of software to accomplish each new sensitive task. Rather, they can render the product platform independent. Considering this technology, this paper provides IT professionals with a new NFT approach and business policies that solely belong to the information technology domain. In addition, this paper also introduces how NFT tokens can hold software applications. Since we can store files, we can let NFTs also store complete applications to help developers in further utilising virtuality and having the metaverse at their fingertips. Whenever they succeed in a project, they never receive rewards, and their skills only pay the bills. In a nutshell, this paper presents a prototype of NFTs that would be further polished to save and utilise applications in a decentralised manner while rewarding the developers.
The Non-Fungible-Token (NFT) market has experienced explosive growth in recent years. According to DappRadar, the total transaction volume on OpenSea, the largest NFT marketplace, reached 34.7 billion dollars in February 2023. However, the NFT market is mostly unregulated and there are significant concerns about money laundering, fraud and wash trading. The lack of industry-wide regulations, and the fact that amateur traders and retail investors comprise a significant fraction of the NFT market, make this market particularly vulnerable to fraudulent activities. Therefore it is essential to investigate and highlight the relevant risks involved in NFT trading. In this paper, we attempted to uncover common fraudulent behaviors such as wash trading that could mislead other traders. Using market data, we designed quantitative features from the network, monetary, and temporal perspectives that were fed into K-means clustering unsupervised learning algorithm to sort traders into groups. Lastly, we discussed the clustering results' significance and how regulations can reduce undesired behaviors. Our work can potentially help regulators narrow down their search space for bad actors in the market as well as provide insights for amateur traders to protect themselves from unforeseen frauds.
With the proliferation of the Internet, particularly the rise of social media, digital images have gradually become an important part of life, and trading platforms have emerged for buying and selling images. However, traditional image trading service providers may disclose users' private information for profit. Additionally, many image trading platforms disregard the fairness of a transaction and the issue of copyright protection after an image is sold. This neglect harms the interests of users and affects their enthusiasm for trading. A secure way to safely transact images is needed. We proposed a copyright-preserving and fair image trading scheme based on blockchain, which combines amplifying locality-sensitive hashing with searchable symmetric encryption to achieve safe image retrieval on blockchain and ensure the credibility of the image retrieval process. Additionally, we use digital fingerprint and watermark technologies to realize the copyright protection of images and use smart contracts to achieve fair transaction processes. The experimental results show that our scheme can protect image copyrights and realize a fair trading process while ensuring efficiency.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
In 2021, the concept of NFTs gained worldwide attention when a digital artist known as ‘Beeple’ sold his work Everydays: The First 5000 Days for 69 million US dollars at Christie’s, placing him among the top three living artists by sale value (Kastrenakes 2021). Since then, “non-fungible token” (or “NFT”) has rapidly become a high-scoring term on Google Trends and there has been corresponding growth in the number of artists, collectors, and platforms dealing with NFTs.Because of the many NFT platforms, the enormous volume of NFTs, the involvement of various cryptocurrencies, the fluctuating prices, and unpredictability of trends, navigating the NFT art market is very complicated. In an attempt to engage in this new sphere of speculation (and to speculate about it), we opened a physical NFT Shop at an abandoned gas station. Besides NFT art, we offered conversation and warm coffee to visitors. Surprisingly, we found almost everyone we met had heard about NFTs, although few demonstrated any in-depth knowledge. Our NFT Shop was expressly concerned with displaying only ‘clean’ NFTs, thereby underlining the environmental impact of typical blockchain technology. Tezos, a cryptocurrency known as a clean and eco-friendly ‘crypto’, is gaining popularity in the NFT art market as an alternative to Ethereum, which has a high carbon footprint (McDonald 2021) and high minting cost. According to Memo Akten’s A guide to eco-friendly CryptoArt, the cost of transactions in Ethereum fluctuates between $100-$1000 (Akten 2021), which is in stark contrast to Tezos, where exchange fees are currently below a dollar. The high energy consumption of blockchain has generated strong opposition, especially among artists. Thus, many alternative NFT platforms such as objkt and fx(hash) use Tezos and brand themselves as an eco-friendly and affordable marketplaces.Despite the availability of relatively clean cryptos, many digital artists prefer not to be associated with CryptoArt of any kind. At the same time, the general audience for art largely assumes that all digital art is NFT art. From the perspective of digital artists, it is difficult to say whether NFTs are a blessing or a curse. On the one hand, the art market has become receptive to digital formats, so many artists now have the opportunity to make a living from their art. On the other hand, there remains much that seems ‘unclean’ about NFT markets, although all transactions are entirely transparent. In this context, this paper and our art project NFT Shop aim to offer a framework for making sense of the NFT marketplaces and thus help to demystify the concepts of NFT and related platforms.
Clearly, digital technologies have been developed rapidly, and it affects art form significantly. For instance, visual works, where were displayed and sold in the art galleries have shifted into the blockchain networks nowadays. As a result, it makes NFT (Non-Fungible Token) becoming extremely popular, mainly in Generation-Z. This study aims to discuss how visual communication design students as a part of Gen-Z are introduced to the world of NFT as a visual archiving solution through the art history learning method in Bina Nusantara University. In addition, this study sees to what extent art history could be implied in the NFT art in order to attract Gen-Z to learn history and gaining analytical and critical ability. In order to design a historical NFT art, first, students should be able to understand the cultural concepts that exist in each particular era, from the mindset, characteristics, to the main essence of that period. From the analysis of previous artefacts and any great relics that were exist, students are capable to express their thoughts about the certain culture and providing conclusions from each era they adopt. Through this process, a historical NFT art that emphasize the origin meaning in the past and executed through visuals that tailored to the needs of Gen-Z would be successfully achieved. To sum up, this study found that even digital assets could not be separated from enculturation and history.
Les Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) ont une importance grandissante dans des secteurs qui sont concernés par le droit d'auteur, comme l'art, les jeux ou les métavers. Ce domaine du droit est donc particulièrement impacté par ce nouveau phénomène. Cet article tente de répondre aux principales questions qui se posent dans ce contexte, comme la protection de l'auteur en cas de création d'un NFT ou le transfert de droits patrimoniaux lors du transfert d'un NFT.
 --
 Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) gewinnen in Bereichen, die vom Urheberrecht betroffen sind, zunehmend an Bedeutung, etwa in der Kunst, bei Spielen oder im Metaversum. Dieses Rechtsgebiet ist daher besonders stark von diesem neuen Phänomen betroffen. Der vorliegende Artikel versucht, die wichtigsten Fragen zu beantworten, die sich in diesem Zusammenhang stellen, wie beispielsweise der Schutz des Urhebers oder der Urheberin bei der Schaffung eines NFT oder die Übertragung von Vermögensrechten bei der Übertragung eines NFT.
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are digital assets that provide unique ownership and authenticity of digital media such as art, music, and collectibles.NFT Marketplace is a blockchain-based platform that enables the creation, trading, and collecting of NFTs.The platform leverages blockchain technology to ensure the authenticity and ownership of NFTs, providing a secure and transparent way to transact digital assets.In this major project report, we explore the NFT Marketplace and its underlying blockchain technology.We provide an overview of the platform's features, including the ability to tokenize any digital asset, create customizable smart contracts, and sell NFTs with low fees and instant trades.We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the platform, including its ease of use, potential for fraud, and scalability challenges.The Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have revolutionized the digital realm, redefining the concept of ownership and trade of unique digital assets.NFTs represent one-of-a-kind tokens, each verifiably and indelibly linked to a specific digital or physical asset, encompassing diverse forms of content, including video, audio, and images.These unique tokens have paved the way for creators to monetize their digital creations while providing collectors with an innovative means to invest, trade, and showcase their multimedia NFT collections.Central to the NFT ecosystem are NFT marketplaces, digital platforms designed to facilitate the creation, sale, and management of NFTs in various multimedia formats.These marketplaces have proliferated, providing creators with the means to mint NFTs, buyers with the opportunity to acquire them, and collectors with platforms to curate and trade their diverse NFT portfolios.We explore the multifaceted world of NFT marketplaces, focusing on their pivotal role in the creation, sale, and management of video, audio, and image NFTs.We analyze the economic implications, including pricing strategies and royalties, while addressing environmental sustainability concerns associated with NFTs.Challenges and opportunities encountered within this dynamic ecosystem are critically examined, including scalability, intellectual property rights, and the emergence of decentralized NFT marketplaces.Through in-depth case studies, we offer insights into the unique features and innovative approaches adopted by leading NFT marketplaces, shedding light on the transformative potential of this digital metaverse.This report serves as a valuable resource for those seeking a comprehensive understanding of NFT marketplaces catering to video, audio, and image NFTs, emphasizing the profound impact these tokens have on the creation, trade, and experience of digital content across various media formats.Navigating this dynamic digital frontier necessitates a nuanced perspective, and our survey aims to provide a holistic view of this rapidly evolving landscape.
Alicia Cork, Adam Joinson, Laura G. E. Smith, David A. Ellis · 5 authors
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) allow individuals to demonstrate ownership of digital and physical assets. NFTs are scarce, unique, and authentic; three properties known to be key for determining perceived value. Whilst previous research has primarily focused on NFTs as a source of economic value, here we assess the psychological motivations of collectors of digital fashion NFTs. Specifically, NTFs related to digital fashion are particularly relevant to HCI researchers as they sit at the intersection between business, culture, and self-expression. Here, we survey 19 users of a digital avatar fashion company, Genies, to understand the gratifications users derive from collecting digital NFT fashion. Results demonstrate that the primary motivations for collecting fashion NFTs are self-expression and utility and that motivations associated with value are secondary. We make design recommendations based on these results, indicating that developers should distinguish between expression-based motivations and value-based motivations.
The explosive growth of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) on Web3 has created a new frontier for digital art and collectibles, but also an emerging space for fraudulent activities. This study provides an in-depth analysis of NFT rug pulls, which are fraudulent schemes aimed at stealing investors' funds. Using data from 758 rug pulls across 10 NFT marketplaces, we examine the structural and behavioral properties of these schemes, identify the characteristics and motivations of rug-pullers, and classify NFT projects into groups based on creators' association with their accounts. Our findings reveal that repeated rug pulls account for a significant proportion of the rise in NFT-related cryptocurrency crimes, with one NFT collection attempting 37 rug pulls within three months. Additionally, we identify the largest group of creators influencing the majority of rug pulls, and demonstrate the connection between rug-pullers of different NFT projects through the use of the same wallets to store and move money. Our study contributes to the understanding of NFT market risks and provides insights for designing preventative strategies to mitigate future losses.
Jean-Marc Seigneur, Suzana Mesquita de Borba Maranhao Moreno
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) have gained popularity since 2021, reaching a total market valuation of several billion US dollars, especially in art. This paper highlights the findings of our statistically representative survey of more than 1850 Americans, e.g., 5.7% have already bought an NFT. Unfortunately, that trust has been misplaced on many occasions due to technical and legal issues of most created NFTs. We detail those issues and evaluate them in the case of the most well-known NFT marketplace, i.e., OpenSea.
S Sarumathi, Altaf Raja, Alok Kumar, Aman Yadav · 5 authors
With the advancement of technology around the globe lead to a rise of technology called Blockchain and amazing technology that completely eradicates the centralized network. Blockchain Technology has got its applications from finance, gaming, supply-chian etc. One of Applications of this amazing technology are NFT’s(Non Fungible Token’s) That act as a digital assets in the world of Blockchain. NFT’s can be any form of data from art, music to video etc. The interest of NFT’s have been growing in every field of various industries like fashion, gaming, etc. Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are transferrable rights to digital assets, such as art, in-game items, collectables, or music. The phenomenon and its markets have grown significantly since early 2021.The information about the NFT’s are stored onto the blockchain Where each information is kept encrypted and prevented from attack as its impossible to alter the data in the blockchian. This cutting-edge technology continues to grow and capture the attention of the masses as more applications of NFT’s are identified with time. The System proposed in this paper allows consumers to transfer encrypted content and write it to NFT’s. Various consumers can approach the content of NFT’s by mentioning their purchase or endorsement. Confidential information is licensed for a period of time, after which the information is appropriately deleted.
In the NFT (non-fungible token) market, collectors are trading works of art with the same awareness as investing in cryptocurrency. In the closed and centralized art scene of the past, it was difficult for artists to make a profit, but the introduction of NFTs has dramatically evolved the art scene. In order to observe such dynamic changes and compare them with the past art scene, the author believed that a first-person research approach was essential. Through creative activities, the author conducted participant observation to identify issues. While marketing activities by artists were not necessary in the existing art market, it became clear that marketing activities by artists on social media are essential in the NFT art market. In communication capitalism, a hierarchy is formed by an economic logic that prioritizes quantity over quality, and this theory also applies to the NFT art market. However, not only selfish investment activities aimed at profit, but also altruistic support activities for artists exist, which stimulate their motivation for creation. Although the value of works changes in the unstable virtual economy, the transparency and high degree of freedom of the NFT market, where artists can directly connect with art fans, contain new possibilities despite some problems.
Hafiz Aliyev, Ahmet Faruk Aysan, Umar Nawaz Kayani
This article discusses the impact of new financial technologies, such as Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) on traditional industries such as art, sports, and game, while focusing on the recently formed "Metaverse" market. As a component of the overall blockchain ecosystem, the history of the establishment of NFT is analyzed. The impact of Web3 and intelligent contracts on Fintech are also investigated. This study examines the general trends in the NFTs market, including their price formation, price-influencing factors, and available patterns. Then the paper provides classifications and examples of NTFs. Besides, the technological application and primary technical path are also described. Later, the paper assesses the market's and marketplaces' accessibility. Finally, this study evaluates the management applications of NFTs and analyzes existing platforms, and demonstrates how they can be implemented effectively in various settings. The concluding portion discusses technological obstacles. The study concludes with a discussion of potential applications for the results and prospects for future research.
Wash trading is considered a highly inopportune and illegal behavior in regulated markets. Instead, it is practiced in unregulated markets, such as cryptocurrency or NFT (Non-Fungible Tokens) markets. Regarding the latter, in the past many researchers have been interested in this phenomenon from an “ex-ante” perspective, aiming to identify and classify wash trading activities before or at the exact time they happen. In this paper, we want to investigate the phenomenon of wash trading in the NFT market from a completely different perspective, namely “ex-post”. Our ultimate goal is to analyze wash trading activities in the past to understand whether the game is worth the candle, i.e., whether these illicit activities actually lead to a significant profit for their perpetrators. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper in the literature that attempts to answer this question in a “structured” way. The efforts to answer this question have enabled us to make some additional contributions to the literature in this research area. They are: (i) a framework to support future “ex-post” analyses of the NFT wash trading phenomenon; (ii) a new dataset on wash trading transactions involving NFTs that can support further future investigations of this phenomenon; (iii) a set of insights of the NFT wash trading phenomenon extracted at the end of an experimental campaign.
<title>Abstract</title> In recent years, interest in Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) has soared and the NFT market has experienced significant growth. Built upon blockchain technology, the tokens represent a unique offering, a rarity, due to its attributes of immutability, trust, transparency, auditability and anonymity. These unique tokens are highly appealing and sought after by investors and traders, since ownership rights, provenance and authenticity are publicly available. As a result, NFTs can be applied in a wide range of contexts and sectors. One such sector is in the digital art market, where sales of NFTs skyrocketed during 2021, thereby generating a multibillion dollar ecosystem. However, due to the fast-changing evolution of NFTs, the increase in demand for the tokens, high returns and lack of regulation, fraud has become commonplace and many security issues have arisen in the ecosystem. In this paper, we explore some of these security issues. Furthermore, by investigating Interplanetary File System (IPFS) and hashing techniques, namely cryptographic and perceptual image hashing, in more detail, proof of concept (PoC) models were built to aid in the identification and combat of NFT fraud.
With the growing popularity of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT), a new type of digital assets, various fraudulent activities have appeared in NFT markets. Among them, wash trading has become one of the most common frauds in NFT markets, which attempts to mislead investors by creating fake trading volumes. Due to the sophisticated patterns of wash trading, only a subset of them can be detected by automatic algorithms, and manual inspection is usually required. We propose NFTDisk, a novel visualization for investors to identify wash trading activities in NFT markets, where two linked visualization modules are presented: a radial visualization module with a disk metaphor to overview NFT transactions and a flow-based visualization module to reveal detailed NFT flows at multiple levels. We conduct two case studies and an in-depth user interview with 14 NFT investors to evaluate NFTDisk. The results demonstrate its effectiveness in exploring wash trading activities in NFT markets.
Ahmed Dawod Mohammed Dawod, Lkhagvadorj Munkhdalai, Kwang Ho Park, Keun Ho Ryu · 5 authors
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are digital assets based on a blockchain and those are characterized as unique cryptographic tokens and non-interchangeable. To date, research into the NFT marketplace has been relatively limited. As it is an emerging platform with many unique elements, The NFT market has been impacted due to recent fluctuations in crypto-asset markets more broadly. This current bear market cycle has shed light on concerns around the value of NFTs, profit-based motivation, and environmental sustainability. However, periods of volatility and cyclicality are to be expected with any nascent technology as it develops a product-market fit. consequently, the appraisal of real-price for NFT collections is essential for individual financial security and investment making. In this study, we evaluate the machine learning algorithms to appraise their real-price based on NFT item's characteristics, market event information, and their rarity score data acquired by retrieved from the biggest marketplace OpenSea. Furthermore, the procedures were applied to meet the objectives of this study we built prediction models based on various machine-learning algorithms ranging from Random Forest, XGBoost, SVM, Lasso, ElasticNet, Ridge, Linear Polynomial Regression, TabNet, CatBoost, and LightGBM models. From the results, LightGBM regression model outperformed the other by RMSE around 0.905. The best R2 is only found in this model, which has a value of 0.917.