Jaime Govea, Walter Gaibor-Naranjo, William Villegas-Ch
Currently, in the digital era, critical infrastructure is increasingly exposed to cyber threats to their operation and security. This study explores the use of blockchain technology to address these challenges, highlighting its immutability, decentralization, and transparency as keys to strengthening the resilience of these vital structures. Through a methodology encompassing literature review, use-case analysis, and the development and evaluation of prototypes, the effective implementation of the blockchain in the protection of critical infrastructure is investigated. The experimental results reveal the positive impact of the blockchain on security and resilience, presenting a solid defense against cyber-attacks due to its immutable and decentralized structure, with a 40% reduction in security incidents. Despite the observed benefits, blockchain integration faces significant challenges in scalability, interoperability, and regulations. This work demonstrates the potential of the blockchain to strengthen critical infrastructure. It marks progress towards the blockchain’s practical adoption, offering a clear direction for future research and development in this evolving field.
Claudia Durán, Amir Karbassi Yazdi, Iván Dérpich, Yong Tan
This research investigates the optimal integration of Blockchain Technology (BT) in Supply Chain Management (SCM) within Chile’s maritime ports. Utilizing fuzzy Logarithmic Methodology of Additive Weights (LMAW) and Double Normalization-based Multiple Aggregation Methods (DNMA), the study systematically identifies, prioritizes, and ranks key factors influencing BT adoption in SCM. The study’s findings highlight crucial factors like enhanced transaction security, good supply chain practices, and risk management. Furthermore, it ranks the application of ports as prime candidates for BT integration. The research contributes theoretically by developing a hybrid model combining MCDA methods, and practically by guiding the strategic application of BT in the maritime logistics sector, aligning with the principles of Industry 5.0. This paper presents a novel approach that explores the utilization of BT in maritime supply chain management, incorporating MCDA in a vague environment. The research gap of this study lies in defining new contexts in both theoretical and practical literature reviews for extending the use of BT in SCM in the ports of Chile, according to Industry 5.0, to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of all aspects of operations in these places. The contribution of this research is applying hybrid MCDA methods in an uncertain environment to assist decision-makers (DMs) in better implementing BT in SCM in Chilean ports, according to Industry 5.0.
Ubair Nisar, Zhixin Zhang, Bronwyn P. Wood, Shadab Ahmad · 8 authors
The application of blockchain technology holds significant potential for improving efficiency, resilience, and transparency within the Fisheries Supply Chain (FSC). This study addresses the critical barriers hindering the adoption of blockchain technology (BT) in the Chinese FSC, recognizing the unique challenges posed by its intricacies. Through a comprehensive literature review, fourteen Critical Barrier Factors (CBFs) were identified, and a grey Delphi method was employed to distill this set. Five pivotal CBFs emerged, including "Regulatory Compliance," "Cost of Implementation," and "Complex Supply Chain Network". A subsequent grey Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) analysis revealed the causal relationships among these factors, categorizing them into effect and cause groups. "Regulatory Compliance," "Cost of Implementation," and "Complex Supply Chain Network" were identified as primary influencing factors demanding attention for effective BT integration in the FSC. The findings serve as a valuable resource for FSC stakeholders, assisting in prioritizing efforts to address these barriers. The discerned causal relationships provide guidance for managers in optimizing resource allocation. Ultimately, this research advocates for the adoption of blockchain technology in the fisheries supply chain to enhance overall performance and operational efficiency.
Vinay, Sagar Yadav, Attul Kumar, Prof. Renu Narwal
In the evolving landscape of supply chain management, the integration of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence (AI) stands as a beacon of innovation, promising to address the perennial challenges of efficiency, transparency, and reliability. This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of how AI can revolutionize blockchain supply chains, offering a synthesis of current research, methodologies, and case studies that highlight the transformative potential of this synergy. The supply chain, a complex network that underpins global trade, is often beleaguered by inefficiencies and vulnerabilities. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and immutable ledger, has emerged as a solution to enhance traceability and trust. However, it is the infusion of AI that has the potential to catalyze a paradigm shift in supply chain management. AI’s capabilities in data analytics, machine learning, and autonomous decision-making can optimize logistics, predict trends, and automate tasks, thereby elevating the blockchain beyond its current utility. This research adopts a mixed-methods approach, drawing on qualitative insights from industry experts and quantitative data from performance metrics to assess the impact of AI on blockchain supply chains. Through a series of case studies, the paper illustrates the practical applications and challenges of this integration, providing a nuanced understanding of its implications. The findings reveal that AI significantly enhances the efficiency and accuracy of blockchain supply chains, leading to improvements in transaction times, data verification processes, and overall supply chain performance. The discussion delves into the strategic advantages of this integration, such as improved compliance and ethical supply chain practices, while also acknowledging the limitations and challenges that organizations must navigate. In conclusion, the paper posits that the convergence of AI and blockchain holds great promise for the future of supply chains. It offers a roadmap for practitioners looking to harness these technologies and sets forth directions for future research, particularly in the development of sophisticated AI algorithms tailored for blockchain applications and the long-term economic impacts on supply chain management. The study contributes to the broader field by providing empirical evidence and a new perspective on the potential of AI to create more resilient, efficient, and transparent supply networks..
Block chain technology is a decentralised, distributed ledger that stores the record of ownership of digital assets, any data stored on block chain is unable to be modified, making the technology a legitimate disruptor for industries like payments, cyber security and health care. Block chain technology has the potential to revolutionise interaction between governments, businesses and citizens in a manner that was unfathomable just a decade ago. Block chain has emerged to become a potentially transformative force in multiple aspects of government and private sector operations. Its potential has been recognized globally with a variety of international organisations and technology companies highlighting the benefits of its application in reducing the costs of operations and compliance, as well as in improving efficiencies .Future of Blockchain in the Finance Industry, Cybersecurity, Digital Advertising, Supply Chain Management and so on will ensure transparency in governance, ensure less cybercrime, to promote marketing, reduce the human error with less cost and time. The study objective is to identify the country which supports blockchain, influencing factors and its impact on future of block chain. To achieve this objective, case study method is used, five different cases are taken to prove how the blockchain methodology support the managerial functions in various aspects. The study findings are supported by the advantages of using blockchain, how it helps the nations to reduce the time taken to accomplish the goals with transparency, to maximise the efficiency by adaptation of blockchain technology and to reduce the human intervention thereby reducing the prevalent cyber crime.
S. Vijayakumar Bharathi, Arif Perdana, T. S. Vivekanand, V. G. Venkatesh · 6 authors
This study integrates technology-organisation-environment (TOE) theory with situation-actor-process (SAP) and learning-action-performance (LAP) models to provide a comprehensive evaluation of complex seafood supply chain management (SCM) systems. We present a framework based on Blockchain technology that facilitates the transformation of the seafood supply chain ecosystem from its current state to a more streamlined one in the future. This framework offers the potential for driving transformation and delivering advantages that encompass improved data efficiency, sustainable practices, and streamlined integration across the seafood supply chain. Our research highlights the importance of accurate data management, stakeholder involvement, regulatory compliance, cybersecurity, cost-effectiveness, transparency, and sustainability for the successful integration of Blockchain in seafood SCM systems. This allows stakeholders to make informed decisions and optimise spending. Furthermore, we emphasise the significant value of transparency provided by Blockchain, which enables stakeholders to make well-informed decisions and optimise their spending.
Blockchain technology (BT) enhances the capacity to monitor products consistently, fostering supply chain responsiveness to a wide range of societal and environmental issues. Although BT is known as an innovative tool, there exist potential operational and organizational challenges affecting BT adoption. This study proposes a decision support approach to leverage risk management to analyze potential barriers associated with BT adoption in sustainable supply chains (SSCs). This approach is developed to model how the economic, social, and environmental-related barriers (e.g., energy consumption) and their corresponding risk factors are interrelated. To model the causal relationships (CRs) among the barriers identified through the literature review, the fuzzy cognitive map advanced by Z-number theory is embedded in the proposed approach. Then, a hybrid learning algorithm is employed to determine the criticality of the barriers. As the reliability of information affects the accuracy of decision-making, the Z-number theory applies uncertainty and reliability simultaneously in specifying the values of risk factors and the weights of the CRs. Taking advantage of the learning algorithm and Z-number theory, the findings show a reliable and unbiased ranking compared to the failure mode and effect analysis. This helps managers develop more efficient mitigation strategies to deal with critical barriers. The results of the study also imply that adoption costs, extra audits, and regulatory uncertainty are the critical barriers affecting SSC readiness.
Osato Itohan Oriekhoe, Bamidele Segun Ilugbusi, Olawale Adisa
This concept paper explores the integration of blockchain technology into food supply chains to enhance global food safety. In recent years, food safety has become a critical concern worldwide, with frequent outbreaks of foodborne illnesses and contamination incidents. Traditional supply chain systems often lack transparency, traceability, and efficiency, leading to challenges in identifying the source of contamination and preventing its spread. Blockchain technology offers a promising solution to these challenges by providing a decentralized, immutable, and transparent ledger system. By recording each transaction and transfer of food products on a blockchain, stakeholders can trace the journey of food items from farm to fork in real-time. This enables rapid identification of contaminated products, facilitating targeted recalls and reducing the scope and impact of foodborne illness outbreaks. Key benefits of integrating blockchain technology into food supply chains include enhanced transparency, increased trust among consumers, improved efficiency in recalls and audits, and opportunities for process optimization and cost reduction. However, successful implementation requires collaboration among stakeholders, investment in infrastructure, and addressing technical and regulatory challenges. This concept paper outlines a strategic framework for implementing blockchain technology in food supply chains, including stakeholder engagement, pilot testing, scalability considerations, and regulatory compliance. By leveraging blockchain technology, we can ensure greater food safety, protect public health, and strengthen confidence in the global food supply chain. Keywords: Food Safety, Blockchain, Technology, Supply.
Purpose Firms are increasingly pressured to comply with mandatory supply chain transparency (SCT) regulations. Drawing on information processing theory (IPT), this study aims to show how blockchain technology can address information uncertainty and equivocality in assuring regulatory compliance in an interorganizational network (ION). Design/methodology/approach IPT is applied in a single case study of an ION in the mining industry that aimed to implement blockchain to address mandatory SCT regulations. The authors build on a rich proprietary data set consisting of interviews and substantial secondary material from actors along the supply chain. Findings The case shows that blockchain creates equality between actors, enables compliance and enhances efficiency in an ION, reducing information uncertainty and equivocality arising from conflict minerals regulation. The system promotes engagement and data sharing between parties while protecting commercial sensitive information. The lack of central authority prevents larger partners from taking control. The system provides mineral provenance and a regulation-compliant record. System cost analysis shows that the system is efficient as it is inexpensive relative to volumes and values of metals transacted. Issues were identified related to collecting richer human rights data for assurance and compliance with due diligence regulations. Originality/value The authors provide some of the first evidence in the operations and supply chain management literature of the specific architecture, costs and limitations of using blockchain for SCT. Using an IPT lens in an ION setting, the authors demonstrate how blockchain-based systems can address two key IPT challenges: environmental uncertainty and equivocality.
Araz Zirar, Abdul Jabbar, Eric Tchouamou Njoya, Hannan Amoozad Mahdiraji
Purpose This study aims to explore the key challenges and drawbacks of smart contracts (SCs) and how they impact digital resilience within small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Whilst this type of technology is seen as a step forward in terms of traceability, transparency and immutability to increase digital resilience, we argue that it should be approached with trepidation. Design/methodology/approach In developing this paper, the authors conduct a systematic literature search using the Scopus database. Through this, we identified 931 relevant articles, of which 30 were used as the focus of this article. Thematic analysis was used as the analytical approach to develop themes and meaning from the data. Findings In this paper, there is an emphasis on the importance of understanding the potential risks associated with SC implementation, as well as identifying appropriate strategies for mitigating any negative impact. In our findings, we puts forward three key themes, namely legality, security and human error, which we argue are key smart contract challenges that impact SME digital resilience. Originality/value In this paper, we propose the notion of “centralised control in decentralised solutions”. This comes from the research highlighting SC weaknesses in digital resilience for SMEs. We argue that there is a need for standards, regulations and legislation to address these issues, advocating, ironically, a centralised approach to decentralised technology.
J. Chandra Priya, Krzysztof Rudzki, Xuan Huong Nguyen, Hoang Phuong Nguyen · 6 authors
Abstract With the increasing demand for efficient maritime logistic management, industries are striving to develop automation software. However, collecting data for analytics from diverse sources like shipping routes, weather conditions, historical incidents, and cargo specifications has become a challenging task in the distribution environment. This challenge gives rise to the possibility of faulty products and traditional testing techniques fall short of achieving optimal performance. To address this issue, we propose a novel decentralised software system based on Transfer Learning and blockchain technology named as BETL (Blockchain -Enabled Transfer Learning). Our proposed system aims to automatically detect and prevent vulnerabilities in maritime operational data by harnessing the power of transfer learning and smart contract-driven blockchain. The vulnerability detection process is automated and does not rely on manually written rules. We introduce a non-vulnerability score range map for the effective classification of operational factors. Additionally, to ensure efficient storage over the blockchain, we integrate an InterPlanetary File System (IPFS). To demonstrate the effectiveness of transfer learning and blockchain integration for secure logistic management, we conduct a testbed-based experiment. The results show that this approach can achieve high precision (98.00%), detection rate (98.98%), accuracy (97.90%), and F-score (98.98), which highlights its benefits in enhancing the safety and reliability of maritime logistics processes. Additionally, the computational time of BETL (the proposed approach) was improved by 18.9% compared to standard transfer learning.
Abstract Although the significance of sustainable supply chain finance (SSCF) has been recognized, our knowledge of its antecedents remains limited. Drawing upon organizational information processing theory (OIPT), our research explores how blockchain technology adoption influences SSCF via supply chain visibility, and the moderating role of supply chain ethical leadership. We examine the proposed relationships employing survey data from 317 manufacturers in China. The findings indicate that blockchain technology adoption positively affects SSCF. Supply visibility and demand visibility partially mediate the influence of blockchain technology adoption on SSCF. Furthermore, supply chain ethical leadership undermines the positive influence of blockchain technology adoption on demand visibility. This research enriches our understanding of the antecedents affecting SSCF by offering insights from the perspective of OIPT.
This paper reviews the most important cases of using Blockchain to support Big Data in maritime transport and supply chains and to make them secure and integrated. Contemporary global markets and trade produce a vast amount of Big Data that is collected from various sources and processed, structured, and categorized in order to provide important information to various users in the maritime sector. Also, Blockchain as a new disruptive technology could provide important benefits for handling, securing, and efficient management of Big Data within the maritime transportation supply chain. The paper presents some of the key platforms of Blockchain for maritime and logistics purposes, including smart contracts and other use cases.
In the contemporary landscape of international trade, the adoption of blockchain technology in global supply chains has garnered significant attention. This comparative review delves into the practices of the United States and African countries, examining the implementation, challenges, and potential benefits of blockchain in enhancing supply chain efficiency. The United States, as a global economic powerhouse, has been at the forefront of integrating blockchain into its supply chain processes. The American approach emphasizes transparency, traceability, and accountability. Blockchain technology provides a decentralized and immutable ledger, enabling seamless tracking of goods from their origin to the end consumer. The use of smart contracts automates and streamlines contractual agreements, reducing paperwork and minimizing delays. While the adoption in the USA is relatively widespread, challenges include the need for standardized protocols, regulatory frameworks, and overcoming resistance to change within established systems. In contrast, the African continent presents a diverse and evolving landscape in the adoption of blockchain within supply chains. Several African nations have recognized the potential of blockchain to address longstanding issues such as counterfeit goods, fraud, and inefficiencies in logistics. Blockchain offers a decentralized solution that can empower local producers and facilitate international trade. However, challenges in Africa include limited technological infrastructure, varying levels of regulatory frameworks, and the need for capacity building. Collaborative efforts between governments, private sectors, and international organizations are essential to overcoming these obstacles. Both the USA and African countries stand to benefit from blockchain adoption in global supply chains. Increased transparency reduces the risk of fraud and enhances trust between stakeholders. The immutable nature of blockchain records ensures data integrity, contributing to the overall resilience of the supply chain. However, successful implementation requires a nuanced understanding of local contexts, regulatory frameworks, and technological capacities. This comparative review serves as a foundation for future research and policy development, shedding light on the dynamic landscape of blockchain adoption in global supply chains across diverse socio-economic environments.
Nugun P. Jellason, Ambisisi Ambituuni, Douglas A. Adu, Joy A. Jellason · 7 authors
Purpose We conducted a systematic review to explore the potential for the application of blockchain technologies for supply chain resilience in a small-scale agri-food business context. Design/methodology/approach As part of the research methodology, scientific databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus were used to find relevant articles for this review. Findings The systematic review of articles (n = 57) found that the use of blockchain technology in the small-scale agri-food business sector can reduce the risk of food fraud by assuring the provenance of food products. Research limitations/implications Only a few papers were directly from a small-scale agribusiness context. Key challenges that limit the implementation of blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies include concerns over the disclosure of proprietary information and trade secrets, incomplete or inaccurate information, economic and technical difficulties, low levels of trust in the technology, risk of human error and poor governance of process-related issues. Originality/value The application of blockchain technology ensures that the risks and costs associated with non-compliance, product recalls and product loss are reduced. Improved communication and information sharing can increase resilience and better support provenance claims and traceability. Better customer relationships can be built, increasing supply chain efficiency and resilience.
Leonardo Marques, Dafne Oliveira Carlos de Morais, Ana Terra
The fashion industry has consistently ranked high in terms of its association with modern slavery. While scandals like the Rana Plaza incident have focused the world's attention on Asia, in Brazil, over 35,000 people have been rescued from conditions analogous to slavery in the past 15 years. Outsourcing and the underlying social structures that blur the implementation of outsourcing are central to this problem. Fashion supply chains are highly fragmented and labour intensive, exhibiting power asymmetry and informality. Although supply chain research has focused on how focal firms can control or improve supplier practices, this study examines focal firm misconduct and decoupling. Our research presents an intervention aimed at developing a blockchain solution to create a census of fashion working conditions in Brazil. The project included two non-governmental organisations, two fashion brands and their suppliers, the fashion retail association, a blockchain start-up and the research team (18 organisations). We contribute to both theory and practice, revealing that the blockchain's potential to ease transaction costs is outweighed by governance costs related to third-party supervision. We show that focal firms justify unfair purchasing practices via victimisation and diverting attention from themselves to consumers (‘unwilling to pay’) and suppliers (‘not behaving as expected’), unveiling how these drivers of organisational misconduct lead to supplier decoupling (means–end) and focal firm decoupling (policy–practice). Such underlying social structures sustain inaction or, at best, advance focal firms’ visibility of their supply chains while offering no true transparency to the broader society.
Supply chain traceability is essential for ensuring safety, preventing counterfeit goods, and improving efficiency. The integration of blockchain technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a transformative approach to enhance supply chain traceability by creating a secure, transparent, and efficient way to track the movement of goods and materials. This comprehensive literature review examines how the integration of blockchain and the Internet of Things can enhance supply chain traceability, utilizing a systematic literature search to identify and analyze all relevant studies. Recent and related articles selected from the Scopus database were reviewed. Our analysis underscores the potential for blockchain and IoT integration to provide end-to-end visibility, secure data sharing, and real-time monitoring across the supply chain ecosystem. It also identifies Machine Learning (ML) as another key component that enhances the security challenges of the Internet of Things while simultaneously serving as an analytical tool in Supply Chain Management (SCM). The review concludes that the integration of blockchain, the Internet of Things, and ML has the potential to transform supply chain traceability. By providing a secure, transparent, and efficient way to track the movement of goods and materials, businesses can improve their operations and offer better products and services to their customers. However, these findings do not impact the results of this research work. Additional research and a more extensive examination of the literature could offer a more comprehensive insight into the subject matter.
Jennifer Davies, Hossein Sharifi, Andrew C. Lyons, Rick Forster · 5 authors
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs), unique digital assets on a blockchain that can represent ownership of digital or physical items, are potentially ground-breaking in their capacity for transforming the sustainability of supply chains. This paper explores and discusses how NFTs, analysed through the lens of the Technology Organisation Environment (TOE) framework, can drive supply chain sustainability and overcome the barriers to Blockchain Technology (BCT) adoption. We elucidate the unique value proposition of NFTs and explore the potential of ‘phygital products’ for linking digital NFTs to physical goods. Based on the existing literature and a review of real-world case studies, we propose that NFTs can (1) incentivise supply chain stakeholders to engage in more sustainable practices; (2) enhance customer willingness to pay for sustainable products; (3) provide anti-counterfeit measures; (4) support circular business model growth. A sustainable 'Mint-to-Order' production strategy starting with the creation (minting) of an NFT is proposed based on a synthesis of the findings. The use of NFTs has significant implications for both digital and physical product offerings and sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practice making a compelling case for adoption. This paper is one of the first to explore the potential of using NFTs to drive sustainability in supply chains forming an essential component of a metaverse nexus and delineating a future research agenda.
As global supply chains become increasingly complex, traditional systems face challenges in ensuring efficiency, transparency, and innovation. Block chain technology has emerged as a transformative force in addressing these issues, offering a decentralized and secure framework for supply chain management. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the impact of block chain on supply chains, focusing on its potential to enhance efficiency, transparency, and foster innovation. The efficiency gains facilitated by block chain in supply chain management are examined through the elimination of intermediaries, reduction of paperwork, and real-time visibility into the entire process. These improvements result in streamlined operations, reduced costs, and enhanced responsiveness to market dynamics. Moreover, block chain’s decentralized nature ensures data integrity, mitigating the risk of fraud and errors in the supply chain. Transparency is a critical aspect of modern supply chains, and block chain provides an immutable and transparent ledger that enables end-to-end visibility. The technology ensures traceability and accountability, allowing stakeholders to access real-time information about the origin, movement, and status of products. This transparency not only enhances trust among supply chain participants but also facilitates compliance with regulatory requirements. The role of block chain in fostering innovation within supply chains is explored, emphasizing its potential to enable new business models, collaborative ecosystems, and the integration of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The paper highlights case studies and pilot projects where block chain has been successfully applied to drive innovation in supply chain processes. Challenges and considerations related to the implementation of block chain in supply chain management are also discussed, including interoperability, scalability, and regulatory issues. The paper concludes by outlining future research directions and emphasizing the need for industry-wide collaboration to unlock the full potential of block chain in revolutionizing supply chain management. Overall, this review contributes to the understanding of how block chain can serve as a catalyst for efficiency, transparency, and innovation in contemporary supply chains
Maximiliano Jeanneret Medina, Cédric Baudet, Jean‐Fabrice Lebraty
This paper aims to explore how does the introduction of blockchain technologies impact trust in existing supply chain relationships. To do so, we conducted a multiple case study through the lens of agency theory. Three Swiss companies which are carrying out blockchain projects for their supply chain have been analyzed in semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Two significant findings of the impact on principal-agent relationships are stressed. Firstly, blockchain technologies can reduce the asymmetry of information, increase the control of agents, and consequently minimize the trust in the principal towards the agents. Secondly and paradoxically, the control mechanisms inherent in these technologies can decrease the agent's trust in the principal. Thus, questioning trust is necessary, both as an antecedent and an unexpected consequence when adopting blockchain technologies. Finally, we provide guidelines for initiating the adoption of blockchain technologies in supply chains.
Abdullah Kaid Al‐Swidi, Mohammed A. Al‐Hakimi, Hussam Al Halbusi, Jaithen Abdullah Al Harbi · 5 authors
This study aims to empirically investigate the effect of blockchain technology (BCT) adoption on supply chain resilience (SCR), with the mediating role of supply chain integration (SCI) and the crucial effect of environmental dynamism (ED) as a moderator. Based on data collected from firms operating in the automotive industry in India, the proposed model was tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equations Modelling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS software. The empirical results showed a positive effect of BCT on SCI, which in turn affects SCR. Importantly, SCI acts as a full mediator in the BCT-SCR relationship, which is moderated by ED, that is, the effect of BCT on SCR via SCI is strong when ED is high. This study offers the groundwork for operationalizing BCT in a supply chain context. It also contributes to SCR research by investigating how SCI mediates the effect of BCT on SCR. In addition, this study found a moderating effect of ED on the relationship between BCT and SCI. These results provide insights to auto manufacturers on ways to enhance SCR and ensure safe supply chain operations.
Supply chain (SC) conditions are becoming more challenging, and its systems are gaining more complexities over time. However, managing a complex SC depends on multiple variables related to the SC and its environment. In addition, digital technologies have shown potential to reshape the present understanding of SC management. In this regard, blockchain technology (BT) can help business models by enhancing transparency, improving traceability, reducing costs, minimizing risks, and bringing resiliency to the SC processes. This paper follows the Dynamic Capabilities View (DCV) theory as a theoretical lens to investigate the capabilities of the BT and its impact on supply chain resilience (SCR). The paper uses a PLS-SEM method for analyzing the collected data and drawing evidence from the manufacturing and assembling industries to demonstrate the technological benefits and potential of BT, as well as its capacity to drive SCR and enhance efficiency in business models. The findings of the paper show that the sensing, seizing, and transforming capabilities of the BT have a substantial effect on SCR (R2 adjusted= 0.701). The obtained results from this study highlight the potential of adopting BT to help policymakers in their query to build SCR.
Claudia Durán, Christian Fernández‐Campusano, Raúl Carrasco, Eduardo Carrillo
The technological shifts driven by Industry 4.0 and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has ushered new challenges for seaports, necessitating a transformation in their information and communications systems to enhance global competitiveness. As the United Nations (UN) International Maritime Organization mandates the adoption of a Maritime Single Window in short time, seaports are compelled to adapt their operations. Addressing these challenges, this research introduces the Dependable Machine Learning for seaports using Blockchain (DMLBC) method, offering a secure technological system that integrates transactional data among various logistics stakeholders. DMLBC enhances efficiency in document control, traceability, loading processes, and collaborative workflows. The method employs a architecture grounded in Blockchain (BC) and harnesses Machine Learning Techniques. In a practical application, DMLBC is implemented in a real case study, demonstrating its efficacy for decision making of port operations. The research discusses the contributions that the DMLBC method has compared to what exists in the bibliographic review and in other port industries worldwide. Describes future exploration directions and It emphasizes the potential for generating additional predictions by incorporating others Key Performance Indicators (KPI)s, integrating DMLBC with Decision Support System (DSS), and delving into the realm of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) to fortify the security of seaport operations in the evolving technological landscape.