Blockchain Papers

Hye Jin Lee, Duc Anh Luong, Jong Hwan Park, Hyoseung Kim

Performance appraisal is crucial in human resource management to identify areas within organizations. Ensuring anonymity and confidentiality is important to obtain honest feedback and prevent retaliation. Although blockchain-based anonymous reputation systems have been discussed, permissioned blockchains are susceptible to Sybil attack vulnerabilities, while permissionless private blockchains do not provide full anonymity. We present the Anonymous Reputation System for Performance Appraisal (ARSPA), which uses a permissionless public blockchain. This system is designed for upward feedback in performance appraisals, employing cryptographic techniques such as non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs, public key encryption, and Merkle trees to ensure security. Our protocol addresses the risks of Sybil attacks, ensures review limitation and unforgeability. We validate the security of ARSPA through analysis and demonstrate its feasibility through proof-of-concept on Ethereum test networks. ARSPA provides a secure and efficient approach to improve the reliability and fairness of performance appraisal.

Raj Chandra Bose

Digital transformation is revolutionizing business agreement management by replacing traditional contract processes with blockchain-enabled smart contracts. Conventional contracts involve extensive paperwork, manual verification, lengthy negotiations, and multiple intermediaries, leading to increased costs and operational delays. Smart contracts automate contract execution based on predefined conditions, providing enhanced security, transparency, trust, and efficiency through decentralized blockchain technology. Smart contracts are widely adopted across industries such as banking, finance, healthcare, logistics, supply chain management, real estate, and international trade to automate payments, regulatory compliance, ownership transfers, and business transactions. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, and big data analytics further improves intelligent decision-making and automated compliance monitoring. This study proposes a comprehensive smart contract framework incorporating blockchain deployment, consensus validation, automated execution, secure transaction recording, continuous monitoring, and performance evaluation. Mathematical models are used to assess execution efficiency, transaction integrity, computational performance, and security reliability, while key performance indicators include execution accuracy, operational efficiency, transaction transparency, processing latency, cost optimization, and compliance effectiveness. The results demonstrate that smart contracts significantly reduce manual intervention, improve transparency and security, accelerate business transactions, and enhance organizational accountability. The proposed framework provides a secure, efficient, and scalable approach for modern business agreement management, supporting enterprise digital transformation and trustworthy blockchain-based ecosystems.

Bollampelly Chandana, Hasan Hussain S, Ravi Kishore Veluri, Rák K · 6 authors

It caters to a decentralized, trusted ecosystem via smart contract management development with blockchain technology and artificial intelligence that automatically execute and enforce agreements. Complex and dynamic interactions are dealt with effectively and efficiently through blockchain technology. In the proposed virtual environment, blockchain is integrated into smart contact management. It solves the existing problems by applying hybrid optimization techniques, such as stochastic gradient and mini-batch stochastic optimization, which enhance auto-decision-making and optimize the data coming from complex structures. This technique improves scalability, latency, and resources utilization, hence optimizing the applications within the virtual platform. Other performance metrics that may be improved include transaction processing speed, resource utilization, and execution time of contracts. It is designed in a way to enhance supply chain management, decentralized applications, and virtual asset exchanges by making use of blockchain technology. The system ensures the reliability and transparency of smart contract execution with prevention from possible frauds and unauthorized modifications. Further, the results will be analyzed by using a Matlab simulation platform and compared with existing systems to get optimal results.

Alkuwari, Jassim Mohd J. M.

This thesis examines the feasibility of implementing a retail Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) in Qatar using an Ethereum-based blockchain architecture. The research is motivated by Qatar's strategic objectives, including improving payment infrastructure, enforcing monetary policy, fintech innovation and infrastructure modernization. A literature review examined global CBDC initiatives, blockchain architectures, consensus mechanisms, and programmability features, focusing on governance models, privacy frameworks and interoperability.The findings of this literature review informed the design of a modular, four-layered system aligned with Qatar’s institutional structure and regulatory requirements. The proposed system leverages Hyperledger Besu with QBFT consensus for deterministic finality and Tessera for transaction-level privacy. A suite of smart contracts was developed to manage compliance (KYC/AML), role-based access, cash compatibility and cross-border transactions. Implementation and deployment were conducted using a private network of 4 validator nodes, configured via Docker, with supporting infrastructure built on a dedicated virtual machine.Functional and empirical testing confirmed the network's ability to maintain consensus under fault scenarios, enforce compliance through smart contracts and achieve limited confidentiality among privacy groups. Scalability testing revealed throughput of up to 127 transactions per second with up to 8 validators and block intervals of 1 second; however, performance degraded with 12 validators, identifying current limits in scalability and resource efficiency. Similarly, privacy enforcement via Tessera was effective in basic cases but encountered limitations with standard ERC-20 contract compatibility.In conclusion, the study confirms that an Ethereum-based blockchain is viable for controlled deployment in Qatar. This is primarily due to its programmability, which ensures regulatory compliance and fosters the development of innovative financial products. However, limitations in privacy and scalability necessitate further research into scaling techniques and alternative privacy solutions to meet the requirements of nationwide retail CBDC implementations. Alternatively, dedicated blockchain frameworks and ERC standards for CBDCs can offer a more sustainable option that natively supports the scalability and privacy requirements of central banking.

Puthenpura Gopakumar, Swathi, Venu, Arun

Modern demand for blockchain scaling demanded the developmentof sharding as a viable solution that facilitates parallel processingwhile supporting cross-shard communications. The implementation ofsharding provides excellent scalability to decentralized systems, but itentails enormous complexities in maintaining integrity of smart contracts across different shards. This study analyzes pivotal deploymentslike Ethereum 2.0, NEAR protocol, and Polkadot. This innovationidentifies vulnerabilities on atomicity, consistency, and validator security when executing decentralized applications (dApps). This researchreviews contemporary literature and emerging technologies to identifykey security risks such as replay attacks, shard takeover, and data unavailability events. Various methodologies for reducing vulnerabilities,including atomic commit protocols, dynamic validator assignment,zk-SNARKs, and SP-Chain architecture, are assessed in this report.This study evaluates the implementation of an Escrow smart contract that utilizes Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) and Proofof-Stake (PoS) coordination protocols through evaluation tests. Thisresearch work analyzes code using both static and dynamic methods to detect security weaknesses in contracts and then recommendssolutions that enhance the robustness of these contracts.The intelligent contract is tested for performance in single-shardmode as well as cross-shard operations. It experiences quick responsetimes and effective data processing with single-shard execution butfaces latency, receipt verification issues, and synchronization difficulties with cross- shard operations. This study findings are that organizations require more effective systems for communication of databetween shards. This research suggests future improvement throughthe addition of zero-knowledge proofs, dynamic re-sharding procedures, and decentralized arbitration secure and scalable smart contractdeployment methods. The proposed solution is applicable to use casessuch as freelancing, crowdfunding, and supply chain processes, withdemonstrations using real-life examples.As a result of the comprehensive assessment, improved safe smartcontract frameworks for next generation blockchain systems are developed, making it easier to implement decentralized applications widelyin scale network contexts.

Luigi Pavarini de Lima, Liliam Sayuri Sakamoto, Jair Minoro Abe, Marcelo Borges Rocha · 11 authors

Considering the growing technological innovation with the use of the Metaverse as an environment for educational, corporate, and governmental interaction, in contrast to the risk of cyberattacks, there is an urgent need to strengthen its security, especially when there is the possibility of transacting assets with NFTs—Non-Fungible Tokens—which are high-value objects acquired and traded through blockchain technology. The objective of this article is to propose a research framework to optimize the security of these NFT assets using DLP—Data Loss Prevention—and Paraconsistent Logic to identify threats not only preventively but also by actively detecting loss, theft, misuse, and leakage of these types of assets during the use of the Metaverse. With a literature review on the Metaverse, DLP—Data Loss Prevention, Evidential Annotated Paraconsistent Logic Eτ, Artificial Intelligence techniques, NFTs—Non-Fungible Tokens, and data protection, the study will employ a Python program to conduct applied research using data from a transportation company, which shows a 37% data loss rate in its analysis. Through this Artificial Intelligence process and statistical concepts, compared to the minimization of data loss in the analysis using Evidential Annotated Paraconsistent Logic, Eτ resulted in 23%, indicating a significant difference of 15%, complemented as a tool to improve decision-making accuracy

Abayomi Titilola Olutimehin

This study examines security risks, emerging technologies, and cryptographic techniques in cloud-based digital currency transactions using a quantitative research approach. Data was sourced from the REKT Database, Web3 Security Report, and Elliptic Open Dataset, employing descriptive statistical analysis, regression modeling, and time-series analysis to assess security vulnerabilities, fraud reduction trends, and regulatory compliance effectiveness. Findings reveal that AI-driven security measures reduced fraud cases by 55% from 2022 to 2025, while illicit transactions declined from 12.5% in 2019 to 6.1% in 2023, demonstrating the impact of cryptographic advancements and regulatory interventions. However, cybercriminals are shifting toward high-value, precision-based attacks, necessitating an integrated security framework. This study contributes to AI-driven security, cryptographic resilience, and regulatory compliance in cloud-based digital transactions. By analyzing emerging threats and security frameworks, it offers valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and financial institutions. The findings aid in developing robust fraud detection, post-quantum cryptography, and regulatory strategies to enhance digital financial security. This research bridges technological advancements with compliance measures, ensuring a more resilient and secure cloud-based cryptocurrency ecosystem. The study recommends enhancing AI fraud detection with cryptographic security models, adopting post-quantum cryptography, strengthening regulatory compliance, and implementing zero-trust security models to ensure long-term resilience in cloud-based financial ecosystems.

Saeid Ataei, Saeid Ataei, Shervan Ataei, Shervan Ataei · 5 authors

This study presents a comprehensive systematic review of Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in DecentralizedFinance (DeFi), emphasizing AI’s pivotal role in mitigating the vulnerabilities and operational complexities inherentin permissionless financial systems. By systematically analyzing 39 peer-reviewed studies from major scholarlydatabases, the review identifies five dominant application domains: fraud detection, smart contract security, marketprediction, credit risk assessment, and decentralized governance. It examines the diverse range of AI methodsspanning machine learning, deep learning, graph neural networks, and reinforcement learning—and evaluates theircomparative performance and limitations. The findings reveal that AI not only enhances DeFi’s transparency, trust,and efficiency but also underpins emerging capabilities such as autonomous governance and adaptive marketmechanisms. Persistent challenges including data scarcity, cross-chain generalization, interpretability, andscalability—underscore the need for robust, explainable, and ethical AI solutions. The review concludes that AIconstitutes a foundational enabler for secure, transparent, and resilient decentralized financial ecosystems, andoutlines critical future research directions for integrating trustworthy intelligence into the evolving DeFi landscape. (PDF) A Systematic Review on the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Decentralized Finance. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/397514996_A_Systematic_Review_on_the_Application_of_Artificial_Intelligence_in_Decentralized_Finance [accessed Nov 11 2025].

Afrida Putritama, Sony Warsono, Syaiful Ali, Wuri Handayani

This study examines the transformative role of blockchain technology in accounting through a literature review of 99 articles sourced from the Scopus database. The research highlights three primary themes: blockchain’s impact on accounting practices, its implications for auditing, and its influence on financial reporting. Using a structured three-step framework – data collection, analysis, and synthesis – this study identifies key trends, research gaps, and future research directions. The findings demonstrate that blockchain enhances data transparency, security, and efficiency while introducing challenges related to integration, regulatory frameworks, and adoption by accounting professionals. This literature review underscores the potential of blockchain to revolutionize accounting through innovations like triple-entry accounting while highlighting the need for standardized guidelines and deeper empirical research. The study provides insights for academics, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to navigate the integration of blockchain technology in accounting systems.

Joanne Osuashi Sanni, Uzoamaka Azuka Iwuanyanwu, Mmedo Anietie Essien, Leslie Wedraogo

The integration of blockchain-enabled smart contracts into marketing workflows offers a transformative pathway toward achieving transparency, accountability, and verifiable performance across digital advertising ecosystems. Traditional marketing operations are often plagued by data asymmetry, opaque intermediaries, and unverifiable metrics that undermine trust between stakeholders. Blockchain technology—through its decentralized, immutable ledger—provides a secure infrastructure for recording and validating every transaction and engagement metric, from ad impressions to affiliate payouts. Smart contracts automate contractual obligations, such as real-time budget allocation, campaign execution, and influencer compensation, based on predefined criteria embedded within the blockchain network. This automation minimizes fraud, reduces administrative costs, and enforces compliance without relying on third-party verification. Furthermore, integrating blockchain with advanced analytics and IoT devices enables end-to-end visibility of consumer interactions and supply chain provenance in omnichannel marketing. This review critically examines the architectural frameworks, interoperability protocols, and governance mechanisms underpinning blockchain-driven marketing systems. It also explores emerging trends in decentralized advertising networks, tokenized engagement incentives, and regulatory considerations shaping adoption. By evaluating existing research and case studies, the paper highlights the potential and challenges of deploying blockchain-enabled smart contracts to achieve verifiable, trust-based, and performance-optimized marketing ecosystems.

Nejjari Aya, Junming Yin, Hanqing Lu

Cryptocurrencies have become one of the most disruptive financial innovations, attracting widespread interest worldwide. Despite their growing popularity, the risks associated with the use of cryptocurrencies remain a significant barrier to their adoption. Therefore, this paper examines the impact of perceived risks on international students’ cryptocurrency investment behavior. Results indicate that financial and regulatory risks are major barriers, while operational risks are less influential. Interestingly, security risks positively influence investment when perceived rewards or risk management capabilities are considered. Risk tolerance and cryptocurrency knowledge are strong positive predictors, highlighting the role of financial education in fostering adoption. The results suggest the implementation of specific policies that address perceived risk factors and improve financial literacy among younger generations of investors to support informed and responsible participation in cryptocurrency markets. Keywords: Cryptocurrency Investments, Perceived Risks, Investments Behavior.

Zainab S. Attarbashi, Akram M. Zeki, ME Haque, Md Hossen

ينمو إنفاق المسلمين على المنتجات الحلال بنسبة 6.3% سنويا، حيث وصل إلى 2 تريليون دولار هذا العام 2024. ويأتي توريد المنتجات الحلال من أجزاء مختلفة من العالم من مورّدين مسلمين وغير مسلمين. وقد أدى ذلك إلى زيادة قلق المستهلكين المسلمين بشأن مصداقية الادعاءات الحلال بسبب عدم القدرة على تتبع المنتجات عبر سلسلة التوريد. ومع ذلك، لا يمكن لنماذج سلسلة التوريد الحالية تتبع هذه المنتجات الغذائية طوال سلسلة التوريد من المزرعة وطوال عملية النقل. يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحقيق هدفين رئيسيين: الأول هو تقييم وعي المستهلكين بتطبيقات تقنية سلاسل الكتل (blockchain) في صناعة المنتجات الحلال، والثاني هو تطوير نموذج لامركزي لتتبع المنتجات الحلال باستخدام تقنية سلاسل الكتل لتمكين التسجيل الشفاف وغير القابل للتلاعب بالبيانات المتعلقة بالمنتجات الحلال، بما في ذلك معلومات المنشأ والجودة والتعامل والمعالجة. سيؤدي ذلك إلى تحسين شفافية سلسلة التوريد، وتعزيز كفاءة حفظ السجلات، وتعزيز سلامة الأغذية وضمان الجودة، وتمكين التتبع الشامل، وبناء ثقة المستهلك. يتضمن تطوير نموذج سلسلة التوريد الحلال استخدام العقود الذكية وتقنيات التشفير وتحليلات البيانات. تم استخدام منصة تطوير Ethereum 2.0 blockchain وWeb3.js بشكل تفاعلي لتنفيذ نموذج أولي للنظام. تظهر نتائج اختبار النظام المطبق قابلية توسع ملحوظة، وإدارة الأحمال المرتفعة دون التضحية بالكفاءة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، أظهرت إجراءات الاختبار مدى التزام النظام بالمبادئ التوجيهية والمعايير المحددة مسبقًا، مما يعزز الثقة في الجودة العامة للنظام.

Kavish Bhatia

The accelerating convergence of Cloud computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized data-driven services, yet it has also introduced a significant trust deficit in highly regulated sectors such as healthcare and finance. Traditional architectures, characterized by static security protocols and reactive monitoring, are increasingly inadequate for protecting sensitive medical records and financial assets against sophisticated cyber-threats and operational anomalies. This review article proposes a "Cognitive Cloud–IoT Architecture" that integrates human-like reasoning, self-learning, and context-aware decision-making into the data exchange process. We evaluate a multi-layered framework comprising an intelligent perception layer, a cognitive middleware reasoning engine, and a secure cloud core designed to establish objective trust through continuous verification. The study analyzes key mechanisms for trustworthy exchange, including Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP), blockchain-enabled immutable ledgers, and privacy-preserving federated learning. In the healthcare domain, we examine the application of "cognitive patients" through remote monitoring systems that differentiate between sensor noise and clinical emergencies. In the financial sector, we explore the "cognitive ledger" for autonomous fraud forensics and secure cross-border settlements. Furthermore, the article addresses critical strategic challenges, such as the computational overhead of running cognitive models on edge devices and the legal necessity of algorithmic explainability. By synthesizing future trends, including quantum-safe hybridization and sovereign cognitive clouds, this research provides a comprehensive roadmap for developing resilient, intelligent ecosystems. Ultimately, we demonstrate that cognitive architecture is the essential bridge to an "invisible intelligence" that ensures the integrity of human life and global financial stability in an increasingly connected world.

Siti Zulaikha, Hazik Mohamed, Luthfi Nur Rosyidi

Blockchain technology can drastically reduce the costs associated with claim verification in the insurance and Takaful industry while increasing trust among involved parties through smart contracts and a shared source of truth. This study examines whether Takaful operators and insurance companies apply blockchain differently and explores the benefits of blockchain technology and smart contracts for both. It conducts a systematic review of relevant literature and a meta-analysis to assess how current studies describe and combine cases as evidence. The results indicate that Takaful and insurance companies that use smart contracts experience a reduction in fraudulent claims, increased transparency, enhanced connections between involved parties, and automation of claim payments with minimal human intervention. The analysis reveals no difference in the application of blockchain technology between the two types of operators, despite the distinct operating contracts of Takaful and conventional insurance.

Monika Juneja -

Blockchain technology has rapidly evolved from its origins in cryptocurrency to become a fundamental element across diverse sectors demonstrating its potential to transform traditional processes. Blockchain technology is a decentralized digital ledger system that securely records and verifies transactions across a network of computers, fostering transparency and trust without the need for intermediaries. This review paper examines the multifaceted applications of blockchain technology highlighting its capabilities in enhancing transparency, security and efficiency. Key applications include financial services where blockchain facilitates faster and more secure transactions through smart contracts and decentralized finance platforms. The healthcare sector benefits from blockchain's ability to securely manage patient data ensuring compliance with regulations while improving accessibility for authorized providers. Blockchain technology enhances business operations by enabling smart contracts that automate transactions and reduce the need for intermediaries, leading to cost savings and increased efficiency. In government, blockchain can improve public trust and transparency by providing secure, tamper-proof voting systems that ensure the integrity of electoral processes. Individuals can maintain greater control over their personal information allowing them to share data selectively while ensuring privacy and reducing the risk of data breaches. This paper emphasizes the significant impact of blockchain technology across various sectors. It calls for cooperation among different stakeholders to make the most of its advantages while addressing its risks. As blockchain continues to develop, it has the potential to change economic systems and improve efficiency worldwide.

Nazatul Niesya, Md Shohel Sayeed

The healthcare supply chain encounters difficulties with transparency, efficiency, and security, which have an impact on patient safety and the quality of treatment concerning the items involved. The use of blockchain technology, which has intrinsic characteristics such as confidentiality, transparency, and traceability, offers a possible resolution to tackle these problems. This paper aims to comprehensively review the adoption of blockchain technology in healthcare supply chain management, particularly in response to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. It investigates the significance of efficient and transparent healthcare supply chains, focusing on blockchain's application in vaccine distribution, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), drugs, medical devices and blood products. The analysis critically evaluates research papers proposing innovative blockchain-powered solutions, discussing their benefits, challenges, and the need for further research. Findings highlight blockchain's potential in enhancing vaccine traceability, preventing counterfeit vaccines, and ensuring equitable access to immunization. It also outlines blockchain's role in real-time tracking of PPE shipments, secure distribution of medical devices, managing blood products, and combating counterfeit drugs. The paper also emphasizes the prevalence of consortium-based and public blockchain implementations and the importance of smart contracts while advocating for addressing scalability and technological challenges. This review offers a critical assessment of blockchain's potential in fortifying healthcare supply chains during crises, underscoring the need for ongoing research and development to overcome implementation limitations. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-04-019 Full Text: PDF

Kiran Kanwar, Dr. Abid Hussain

"A distributed database that maintains an ever-expanding list of ordered records, called blocks," is how a blockchain is defined.These parts are connected by the use of cryptography. A timestamp contain by each, the preceding block of a cryptographic hash , and with a transaction information. Also we can say that distributed, public, decentralized digital ledger that keeps track of transactions across several computers is called a blockchain. Its goal is to stop record tampering without interfering with network consensus or all subsequent blocks. Because blockchain and smart contracts are developed using non-standard software life cycles, there may be security flaws and difficulties in getting users to adopt the technology. For instance, distributed applications may not receive regular updates or may have bugs that can only be fixed by releasing a new version. A detailed review of smart contracts was covered in this publication. In terms of security, privacy, communication channel, etc., it further differentiated and contrasted the security of smart contracts with that of traditional security. This study also discusses other smart contract systems, including Stellar, Monax, Ethereum, Bitcoin, and Lisk. For smart contracts certain suggested methods are applied in various contexts to address security risks. Furthermore, also smart contract classification of the security application was put out in an effort to address some of the shortcomings. Additionally, the paper offers a thorough security scenario for smart contracts using several methods. Finally, the dangers and weaknesses of the smart contracts that might lead to an attack are listed. Here we can find and focuses on security risks and weaknesses specific to smart contracts.

Peng Guan, Lincoln C. Wood, Jason X. Wang, Linh Duong

The global port industry, known for its historical resistance to technological advancements, now faces a pivotal moment in the age of blockchain innovation. This systematic literature review provides an in-depth investigation into the adoption of blockchain technology within the port industry, aiming to assess the current state of knowledge, identify areas lacking research attention, and emphasize emerging research avenues by analyzing a corpus of 316 articles. Our review employs a robust framework centered around four key themes: barriers to adoption, the port’s role in global value chains, sustainability considerations, and practical implementations of blockchain technology in ports. By analyzing these themes, we can gain valuable insights into the distinctive nature of the port industry and its potential transformation through blockchain technology. Theoretical contributions from this review emphasize adopting a Practice-Based View (PBV) perspective to examine the intricate interplay between barriers and practices in blockchain adoption. Furthermore, our innovative synthesis of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework sheds light on internal and external obstacles shaping the adoption landscape. A noteworthy aspect of this review is the recognition of the critical need to align theoretical frameworks with the unique characteristics of the port industry, emphasizing the importance of contextual relevance in research pursuits. It also highlights the scarcity and fragmentation of research in the domain of the port industry, encouraging future scholars to investigate the identified research gaps and theoretical perspectives. This article reveals that utilizing blockchain technology within ports can enhance the sustainability performance of the port industry.

Medina Ayta Mohammed, Carmen De‐Pablos‐Heredero, José Luis Montes Botella

Blockchain technology and its business applications have attracted considerable scholarly interest, leading to a surge in academic studies. While this wealth of research is beneficial, it also poses challenges in identifying the most relevant publications. Despite the availability of survey articles, research on this topic remains fragmented and concentrates on specific industrial sectors. This review addresses this gap by providing a detailed literature analysis, highlighting key themes, recent advancements, the benefits of blockchain adoption for businesses, and associated challenges. This study employs a multi-method literature review approach called bibliometric systematic literature review (B-SLR), combining bibliometric analysis with systematic literature review (SLR) techniques. This review critically examines studies of blockchain adoption in modern business from 2017 to 2023. Our findings reveal a decline in academic publications on blockchain for businesses since 2023, along with a shift in core themes from traditional supply chains to exploring blockchain’s role in environmentally sustainable supply chains, such as reverse logistics, green supply chains, and the circular economy. Additionally, there is an emerging focus on the role of blockchain in virtual environments, such as the metaverse and digital twins. Drawing from our analysis, we also present a theoretical framework and highlight ten crucial areas for future research.

Jaludin Janteng, Nelson Lajuni, Aini Janteng

This study addresses the growing importance of promoting blockchain technology and cryptocurrency adoption within the financial sector, particularly among Malaysian millennials. Despite its significance, there is limited research on millennials' acceptance of blockchain-based financial transactions in Malaysia. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring critical behavioural factors that impact cryptocurrency usage within this demographic. To gather insights, a survey was conducted among Malaysian millennials, resulting in 110 fully completed questionnaires, which were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM 4.0). The findings reveal four primary drivers influencing millennials’ adoption of blockchain-based applications: security and control, transaction processing, perceived usefulness, and attitude. Notably, attitude emerged as the most influential factor, explaining 71.6 percent of the variance in cryptocurrency acceptance. These results underscore the complex interplay of factors that shape millennials' acceptance of blockchain technology and cryptocurrency in financial transactions. Consequently, identifying these acceptance factors is crucial for industry players seeking to understand and cater to millennials’ preferences in digital finance. To support these insights, this study proposes an innovative model that integrates the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with specific external variables related to blockchain technology characteristics, such as security control and transaction processing, providing a comprehensive framework for future research and industry applications.

Kapil Hande, Manoj B. Chandak

Blockchain technology is proving to be a disruptive technology in many areas of supply chain, manufacturing, medical, agriculture, and so on. Warehouses are an inevitable part of the supply chain. Issues like space optimization, route optimization, quick item pick-up, demand forecasting, and transaction management are of importance to address in warehouse management systems (WMS). Traditional database systems have limitations of interoperability among different entities involved in warehouses. This paper presents an innovative application of blockchain technology and machine learning (ML) to build a smart warehouse management system in Web3 (SWMW3). We developed a decentralized application (DApp) using Web3.0 principles, integrating ReactJS for the frontend, express for the backend, and blockchain through smart contracts. This integration enhances security and transparency by storing WMS operational data in the blockchain and automating payments and verifications through smart contracts. Additionally, we implemented a ML model for predicting the total time from order receipt to delivery, leveraging historical data to optimize workflow, reduce delays, and improve overall efficiency. This combination of blockchain for secure transactions and ML for predictive analytics generates a robust, efficient, and optimized management system for the warehouse.

Jayesh Rane, Ömer Kaya, Suraj Kumar Mallick, Nitin Liladhar Rane

The swift progress of technology has revolutionized the service industry, empowering companies to augment customer contentment and allegiance by means of inventive resolutions. In order to improve service quality, this research investigates the integration of ChatGPT, Blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML). Through process automation, real-time support, and preference prediction, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) enable tailored customer experiences. Through smart devices, IoT improves customer interactions and provides seamless, connected service environments. Long-term customer relationships depend on trust, data security, and transparency, all of which are enhanced by blockchain technology. Meanwhile, businesses can anticipate needs and optimize service delivery thanks to Big Data's deep insights into customer behaviour. ChatGPT is an AI language model that simulates human-like communication and instantly responds, revolutionizing customer engagement. It increases overall satisfaction, decreases wait times, and improves the effectiveness of customer service. By utilizing these state-of-the-art technologies, companies can strengthen their bonds with clients, increasing client satisfaction and loyalty.

Pratik Rajendra Satpute, Ketki Kanitkar, Madhuri Patil, Arun Deokar

Purpose of the study: The hospitality industry is undergoing a transformation with the advent of blockchain technology, especially in hotel keys management. This chapter explores the use of blockchain to manage hotel guest room keys, focusing on its applications, benefits, and future ramifications. Methodology: The chapter begins by clarifying the basic concepts of blockchain, outlining its functionality as a decentralized distributed ledger system and then explores the challenges of traditional core system design and introduces blockchain-based key management solutions. This solution uses cryptographic encryption and decentralized access control mechanisms, integrating smart contracts to automate processes. Main Findings: Blockchain-based key management systems generate and distribute secure digital keys to guest smartphones, protecting it from unauthorized access and tampering blockchain’s immutable recordkeeping for a tamper-proof audit trail, enhancing security and accountability. Hotel networks allow guests to use digital keys in multiple ways, and connecting IoT devices allows for remote control and personalized experiences. Applications of the study: Blockchain technology provides a robust alternative to traditional hotel key management systems, improving security, transparency, and operational efficiency. Future trends, including artificial intelligence and machine learning, promise new innovations. A strategic and collaborative approach is recommended to maximize the benefits of blockchain in the hospitality industry. Novelty/Originality of the study: This chapter provides valuable insights for practitioners and researchers aiming to harness the transformative power of blockchain.

Vineet Paliwal, Shalini Chandra, Suneel Sharma

This study explores the determinants of the intention to adopt blockchain technology for sustainable supply chain management in Indian micro, small, and medium enterprises. Different from existing studies that advocate the use of socio-technical theory for blockchain technologies, we develop a new theoretical framework, called “SOS,” based on a review of the existing literature. This is an adaptation of the technology–organization–environment framework that examines the measures and scales from socio-technical, organizational, and sustainability contexts. We use ADANCO 2.3.2 for variance-based structural equation modeling. The results show that two of the nine hypotheses are negatively significant, while the rest are positive. In our context, social sustainability and computer self-efficacy are strongly negatively significant for the adoption intention of blockchain technology in our context. Software quality and environmental sustainability are strongly positively significant. Meanwhile, collaboration, economic sustainability, and relative advantage mediated by experience are positively significant. Our study contributes to the literature by offering a new theoretical framework, fresh insights from the Indian industry, and several recommendations to practitioners.