Libraries are actively exploring innovative methods to leverage advanced technological breakthroughs like Blockchain, driven by the rapid evolution of information technology. The inherent benefits of blockchain, including its decentralized, transparent, and safe data management capabilities, offer compelling solutions for various library operations. While Bitcoin remains a prominent application, libraries can harness Blockchain's underlying potential to significantly enhance efficiency and security across numerous facets of their services. This study delves into the multifaceted potential effects of blockchain technology on libraries. It meticulously examines possible applications, long-term benefits, and the critical significance of seamlessly integrating blockchain technology into existing library services. For instance, blockchain could revolutionize interlibrary loan systems by creating an immutable, tamper-proof record of every transaction, thereby drastically reducing administrative burdens, minimizing disputes over borrowed materials, and expediting the overall lending process. Furthermore, it offers a robust framework for enhanced intellectual property management for digital resources, ensuring that creators' rights are meticulously protected and providing transparent, auditable tracking of digital content usage. This level of verifiable provenance is particularly crucial for academic and research libraries managing vast collections of scholarly works. Ultimately, the objective is to move towards Blockchain-based library management systems that require less manual labor, thereby improving overall understanding, fostering creativity in service design, and streamlining operational efficiency. Given that blockchain adoption in libraries is still in its nascent stages, this study aims to provide insightful information that can serve as a foundational guide for future research and practical implementation. The study concludes that, by adopting a contextual approach, Blockchain technology holds immense promise for greatly enhancing the efficacy and efficiency of resource transparency, ensuring patron privacy through secure data management, and bolstering information security across all library functions. References Abdennadher, S., Grissa, D., & Hamdi, M. (2022). Blockchain in accounting and auditing: A systematic literature review. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 18(2), 234-256. Abid, H. (2021). Uses of blockchain technologies in library services. Library Hi Tech News, 38(8), 9-11. Agbo, C. C., Mahmoud, Q. H., & Eklund, J. M. (2019). Blockchain technology in healthcare: A systematic review. Healthcare, 7(2), 56. Akram, S. V., Malik, P. 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Blockchain technology in libraries: A systematic review. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 46(5), 102-115. Han, J., Kim, S., & Lee, H. (2023). Blockchain in accounting: A review of applications and future directions. Journal of Accounting Literature, 45(1), 78-92. Hargaden, V., Papakostas, N., & Newell, A. (2019). Blockchain in construction: A review of applications and challenges. Automation in Construction, 102, 1-12. Hasan, R., & Landry, B. (2018). Blockchain for library collaboration: A decentralized approach. Library Trends, 67(2), 245-260. Hasselgren, A., Kralevska, K., & Gligoroski, D. (2019). Blockchain in healthcare: A systematic mapping study. IEEE Access, 7, 12345-12367. Hoy, M. (2017). An introduction to blockchain for librarians. Library Technology Reports, 53(8), 1-35. Huang, Y., Zhou, X., & Wang, X. (2018). Blockchain-based library management system: A conceptual framework. Journal of Library and Information Science, 42(3), 123-135. Irving, G., & Holden, J. (2016). How blockchain-timestamped protocols could improve the trustworthiness of medical science. F1000Research, 5, 1-10. Iwata, T., & Uehara, M. (2019). Blockchain-based authentication for library systems. Journal of Information Processing, 27, 345-356. Jayasuriya, D., & Sims, J. (2023). Blockchain in auditing: A review of applications and challenges. Journal of Accounting and Finance, 63(2), 89-104. Jraisat, L., Sawalha, I., & Al-Khatib, A. (2023). Blockchain in supply chain management: A systematic review. Supply Chain Management, 28(1), 45-67. Kim, S., Park, J., & Lee, H. (2019). Blockchain-based metadata management for libraries. Journal of Information Science, 45(4), 567-580. Kshetri, N. (2018). Blockchain’s roles in meeting key supply chain management objectives. International Journal of Information Management, 39, 80-89. Kuzior, A., & Sira, M. (2022). Blockchain in healthcare: A systematic review. Sustainability, 14(3), 1-20. Lamm, K., & Levin, D. (2018). Blockchain for digital rights management in libraries. Library Hi Tech, 36(4), 567-580. Lemieux, V. (2016). Trusting records: Is blockchain technology the answer? Records Management Journal, 26(2), 110-139. Li, X., Jiang, P., & Wang, Y. (2019). Blockchain for environmental sustainability: A review. Sustainability, 11(8), 1-15. Meth, K. (2020). Blockchain in libraries: A practical guide. Library Technology Reports, 56(5), 1-40. Mettler, M. (2017). Blockchain in healthcare: A systematic literature review. Health Policy and Technology, 6(1), 1-10. Nowinski, W., Kozma, M., & Canhoto, A. (2017). Blockchain in business and finance: A systematic literature review. Journal of Business Research, 80, 1-15. Nwagwu, E., Chiluwa, I., & Osunmakinde, I. (2020). Blockchain for library metadata management: A systematic review. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 52(3), 789-802. Pal, S., Ruj, S., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2021). Blockchain in finance: A review of applications and challenges. 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Ari Akbar, Djamaliyah Djamaliyah, Nur Aisyah, Mochammad Isa Anshori
The main objective of this study is to identify, analyze, and synthesize literature related to blockchain integration in leadership practices. The search methodology was conducted through major electronic databases with relevant keywords, resulting in 45 articles that met the inclusion criteria for further analysis. The results of the analysis revealed five main themes, namely Decentralization of Leadership Authority, Transparency and Accountability, DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization) Leadership Model, Transformation of Trust in Leadership, and Challenges of Implementation and Adoption. Blockchain technology has the potential to transform traditional leadership systems by creating a more transparent, efficient, and distributed trust-based environment. However, the implementation of blockchain-based policies faces various challenges, including technical barriers, organizational culture, and regulatory barriers. This study contributes to the understanding of how blockchain technology can change the dynamics of leadership and organizational governance. In addition, the findings of this study offer insights for further research in developing more adaptive, innovative, and sustainable leadership models in the digital era.
The blockchain based smart contracts allow the creation of peer-to-peer lending in a decentralized finance model called DeFi. While Aave, Compound, and MakerDAO make it easier to gain access to capital and do away with middlemen, security breaches are highly likely to occur. This study analyzes the smart contract vulnerabilities such as reentrancy attacks, oracle manipulation, flash loan exploits, are systematically highlighted and their impact on projects in the market. Furthermore, it completes assessment beyond the security focus of liquidity volatility, regulatory uncertainty and fragmented risk management framework. A systematic literature review was adopted in the study with peer reviewed journal, industry report as well as case studies of past DeFi exploits. The key vulnerabilities, risk assessment methods, and mitigation frameworks are dealt as a theme. According to findings, although smart contract security has improved, DeFi is still very prone to exploitation for the lack of centralized oversight and standardised security measures. The study also brings our attention to the fact that risks in smart contract need continuous smart contract audits, formal verification schemes, and decentralized insurance mechanisms as well as regulatory collaboration. For the sustainable growth of DeFi lending platforms, such a balance should be made possible between technological security measures and improved governance and regulatory frameworks. The increased security mechanisms will increase the user trust and make decentralized lending an alternative to traditional financial systems.
This study investigates the impact of blockchain technology on financial data management practices in Jordanian organizations. The research aims to understand how blockchain influences key aspects such as efficiency, security, transparency, auditability, data integrity, fraud reduction, and cost efficiency. A quantitative approach was employed, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Factor Analysis to extract and analyze significant components from the dataset. The PCA results revealed that the first seven components explained approximately 89.63% of the total variance, with the strongest loadings on efficiency (14.56%), security (13.59%), and transparency (13.10%). Factor analysis further reinforced these findings, highlighting the positive relationship between blockchain adoption and improvements in these key areas. Despite the benefits, implementation challenges emerged as significant moderating factors, impacting the extent to which organizations can fully leverage blockchain technology. The study concludes that blockchain has the potential to transform financial data management, particularly in improving efficiency, security, and transparency. However, organizations must address implementation challenges to fully realize these benefits.
Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative innovation, with applications spanning diverse industries. This study provides a comprehensive comparison between public and private blockchains, focusing on six key dimensions: scalability, security, use case distribution, energy efficiency, developer ecosystem, and performance metrics. Data were collected from 30 blockchain systems, representing a wide range of consensus mechanisms and industry applications. The findings reveal significant trade-offs between the two blockchain types. Public blockchains, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, excel in decentralization and transparency, making them ideal for open and trustless environments like cryptocurrency and decentralized finance (DeFi). However, they face limitations in scalability, high energy consumption, and slower transaction speeds. Conversely, private blockchains, such as Hyperledger Fabric and Corda, demonstrate superior scalability, energy efficiency, and privacy, making them more suitable for controlled environments like healthcare, supply chain management, and enterprise financial services. The study underscores the importance of aligning blockchain technology selection with specific application requirements. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of hybrid blockchain models to integrate the strengths of both public and private systems, addressing existing limitations. These findings provide valuable insights for organizations and developers in leveraging blockchain technologies effectively.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), leading to disruptions in supply chains, financial losses, and closures. To overcome these challenges, organizations, including those in developing economies like Malaysia, are turning to blockchain technology as a solution to enhance traditional supply chain management frameworks. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the acceptance of blockchain technology among SMEs. By drawing on established adoption theories such as the technology acceptance model (TAM), diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory, and theory of planned behavior (TPB), the researchers developed a research framework. They utilized partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the causal relationships between different constructs and test their hypotheses. The findings confirmed that the constructs of the technology acceptance model, specifically perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and attitude were significantly associated with the intention to use blockchain technology. Additionally, the constructs of the diffusion of innovation theory, relative advantage and compatibility, showed significant associations with perceived ease of use, while complexity had a negligible relationship with perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The construct of subjective norms from the theory of planned behavior exhibited a significant relationship with perceived usefulness and an insignificant relationship with intention to use. Finally, perceived behavioral control demonstrated a positive relationship with intention to use. The study's findings provide valuable insights for blockchain developers and organizations aiming to make informed decisions regarding the application of blockchain technology as a process innovation in SMEs.
The medical supply chain faces challenges like counterfeit drugs, lack of transparency, and inefficient traceability. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized and secure architecture, offers a promising solution. By implementing customized smart contracts, stakeholders can ensure data integrity, improve trust, and streamline supply chain operations, enhancing overall efficiency and reliability. Counterfeit medicines and limited visibility across the medical supply chain pose significant risks to patient safety and public health. Traditional systems lack robust mechanisms to verify authenticity or ensure transparency. The need for a secure, efficient, and scalable system to trace and validate medicines in real-time has become crucial. A blockchain-based framework was developed using customized smart contracts for traceability. Each medicine is registered with unique identifiers stored on the blockchain. QR codes link physical products to the digital ledger, enabling real-time tracking and user verification. The system uses consensus mechanisms to validate transactions and ensure authenticity. Proof of Work (PoW) ensures robust security by requiring significant computational effort for transaction validation, deterring malicious activities. Proof of Stake (PoS) enhances scalability and energy efficiency, validating transactions based on a node's stake in the network. Together, these algorithms provide a balance of security, speed, and sustainability. The proposed system significantly improves traceability and transparency in the medical supply chain. Counterfeit detection rates increased, and transaction validation times decreased due to optimized algorithms. User feedback confirmed enhanced trust and reliability. The solution demonstrates scalability and adaptability for broader applications in healthcare and beyond.
This study explores the implementation of blockchain technology, specifically smart contracts, within the Land Registry and Survey Department to enhance sustainable development in Jordan. Utilizing a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design, the research targeted 12,450 employees of the Jordanian Department of Lands and Survey, with a stratified random sample of 448 respondents. The data, gathered through online surveys and analyzed via Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), reveals significant positive relationships between blockchain implementation facets—such as Security and Fraud Prevention, Efficiency and Automation, Regulatory Compliance, Transparency and Trust, and Accessibility and User Experience—and sustainable development outcomes. Despite these promising results, the study acknowledges critical challenges such as the need for technical expertise, regulatory frameworks, and initial investment hurdles. Addressing these challenges is crucial for balanced implementation and sustained engagement with the technology. The model accounts for 77.6% of the variance in sustainable development, highlighting blockchain's potential to simultaneously tackle multiple land administration challenges. This research provides empirical evidence of blockchain's impact on sustainable development, offering a comprehensive framework for its application in land registries, particularly in developing nations. The findings hold significant implications for policymakers, land registry administrators, and technology implementers, underscoring the importance of integrating technological innovation within existing regulatory and institutional contexts to achieve sustainable economic, environmental, and social growth.
Blockchain technology and big data have transformed accounting and strategic cost management in Iraq's rapidly developing technological environment. Blockchain technology provides transparency, security, and the ability to track accounting records, which greatly improves financial statements and enables more accurate and real-time cost tracking and resource allocation. Block Chain certification requires accountants to learn digital ledger management, smart contracts, and decentralized finance system compliance, as well as big data analytics to analyses large data sets, identify cost-saving opportunities, and predict strategic trends. These advances require ongoing learning and adaptation to technologies, as well as data privacy and system security. The study examines how technological advances affect accounting and cost management methods, particularly in Iraq's economic and technological context. The study's main findings were that blockchain technology collects data and information on all transactions within time-series blocks, forming a chain called the blockchain, each of which contains information related to the previous block, making it impossible to modify any block without modifying the entire chain, and big data is an important stage of information and communication development.
The goal of this current study is to address important concerns about data security, privacy, and integrity by amalgamating blockchain technology with the Internet of Medical Things. The IoMT ecosystem consists of wearables, implanted sensors, and remote monitoring tools that generate sensitive medical data continuously, revealing several security vulnerabilities. Blockchain, with its principles of decentralization, transparency, immutability, and cryptographic security, opens up new avenues for securing health data without the use of third-party authorities. This paper outlines the methodology used in this review, including a systematic analysis of relevant literature, utilizing the PRISMA framework to evaluate sources. The analysis identifies key protocols and components of blockchain relevant to IoMT, highlights challenges, and provides solutions. Key findings emphasize blockchain’s ability to reduce attacks using distributed ledgers, permissioned access, and encrypted transactions. Furthermore, blockchain may improve patient care by providing real-time data exchange and enabling interoperability across health systems.
Objective: The study aims to explore the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology into the halal certification process, focusing on improving accuracy, transparency, and efficiency. It evaluates how these technologies can enhance the halal certification system in Indonesia, mainly through the SiHalal platform developed by the Halal Product Assurance Agency (BPJPH). Research Design & Methods: This study uses a qualitative approach, reviewing the literature and analyzing the implementation of AI and blockchain technologies in halal certification in Indonesia through case studies and interviews with key stakeholders to assess the effectiveness and potential impact of integrating these technologies. Findings: The study found that AI and blockchain improve efficiency, transparency, and security in the halal certification process. AI automates error detection and improves accuracy, while blockchain prevents fraud through immutable records. The SiHalal platform successfully integrates the two to simplify the process and increase public trust and user satisfaction. Implications & Recommendations: The study recommends the expansion of the SiHalal platform and further development of AI and blockchain integration to improve scalability and security, policy support for technology infrastructure and training of halal auditors, and adoption of SiHalal by halal businesses to improve efficiency and transparency, with suggestions for technology developers to continue innovating in addressing scalability and interoperability challenges. Contribution & Value Added: This study contributes to the literature on modernizing halal certification systems by showing how integrating AI and blockchain can revolutionize the process. It also provides insights into how technology increases trust, reduces fraud, and enables regulation, positioning Indonesia as a global halal market leader.
Blockchain is a distribution system consisting of a set of blocks connected to each other using cryptographic technology. Each block consists of a set of information that is recorded in a decentralized manner and does not rely on one party to validate the transaction. Each block stores a reference to the previous block in the Block Chain network, any modifications or changes in one block will be immediately known because the changes are not contained in other blocks, this property is meant by distributed, known as DLT (Distributed Ledger Technology). The blockchain authentication method is a series of processes used to verify the validity of a transaction or information stored in the blockchain network. Similar to the blockchain, the hadith as the second source of law after the Qur'an, when conveyed by the Prophet Muhammad Saw to the companions (sahabah), the companion then distributed it to other companions not only the matan (the content of the hadith) but also the sanad (narrators). The authenticity of the hadith is maintained by the composition of the chain of narrators called sanad and the figure of the narrator who has the capability and is trusted to convey a hadith. This method is then known as decentralized and distributed information, which is the same information owned by many parties, so it is very difficult to make changes unless it changes all parties who receive the information (mutawatir). This research will compare the concepts of blockchain authentication methods and hadith authentication methods with a literature review approach.
The Blockchain technology as one of the newest technologies of the millennium is not only opening new opportunities in financial services but also may be implemented for optimal service delivery in Libraries since it is notable for being a reliable technology that helps with security, preservation and reliability of data. This paper takes a conceptual look at blockchain technology and where it can be applied in libraries for effective library services delivery in this digital era. The paper apart from taking a holistic look at the concept, also treated the features of the technology which revolves around the three main properties of blockchain technology: decentralization, transparency and immutability which have helped it gain wide spread acclaim as well as benefits of integrating blockchain technology in library operations which include that the technology has the potential to enhance library operations in areas as, digital preservation and tracking, community-based collections to share objects, tools and services, inter library loan and voucher system, library verification of credentials (information literacy) and also, library card and Archives/special collections where provenance and authenticity are essential with each sub-heading substantiated with image for clarity. After which, conclusion that blockchain technology has the potential for revolutionizing library management practices and that integrating blockchain into library practices may likely improve the state of security in libraries, enhance transparency and accessibility of library collections, transforming the bounders of digital preservation and intellectual property management was drawn and recommendations which include among others that before libraries launch blockchain technology, librarians should keep in mind blockchain project such as programmers, project management team and visionary staff from the libraries, resources and finance in that before launching blockchain technology, proper resources and finances are required noting that a blockchain solution for data alignment might be affordable and feasible if libraries have sufficient funds for the project were made.
Being a generalization of fuzzy set, intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) obtains a better representation of fuzziness and uncertainty. Inspired by this concept, this paper first proposes a logarithmic distance measure to calculate the degree of difference between IFSs. Moreover, this work develops a hybrid ranking model by combining the distance measure, rank-sum model, Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) weighting tool, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) methods under the context of intuitionistic fuzzy environment. In the proposed method, the rank-sum model is used to compute the decision makers’ weights, while the SWARA model is applied to evaluate the criteria weights. To show the practicality of developed model, it is executed to a case study of determining the rank of blockchain networks in the healthcare management system. Comparative study is presented to confirm the advantages of proposed approach over the existing methods.
Blockchain technology has significant applications in medicine, particularly in ensuring the confidentiality of medical records and enhancing the transparency of healthcare data management. Rapid digitalization in healthcare presents challenges related to interoperability and privacy, which traditional centralized systems struggle to address. Blockchain, as immutable and distributed ledger technology initially designed for cryptocurrencies, offers a solution by securing and decentralizing healthcare data management. The NAIBHSC framework exemplifies this integration, utilizing blockchain alongside IoT, cloud computing, and AI to enhance the supply chain management of healthcare products and electronic health records. Additionally, its implementation in car insurance systems showcases automated damage identification and secure premium transactions. The study concludes that by combining blockchain with modern technologies, solutions can be developed that enhance security, transparency, and efficiency across various domains, ultimately fostering trust and innovation within critical industries.
Olanrewaju Oluwaseun Ajayi, Chisom Elizabeth Alozie, Olumese Anthony Abieba, Joshua Idowu Akerele · 5 authors
Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative force within the financial technology (Fintech) sector, offering unprecedented opportunities for efficiency, transparency, and security. However, its adoption also brings forth new challenges and vulnerabilities, particularly in the realm of cybersecurity. This review explores the dynamic landscape of Blockchain Technology and Cybersecurity in Fintech, highlighting both the opportunities it presents and the vulnerabilities it introduces. Blockchain technology, most notably recognized as the underlying framework for cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum, operates on a decentralized ledger system, enabling secure and immutable transactions. In Fintech, this technology promises enhanced transactional speed, reduced costs, and increased transparency, revolutionizing traditional banking and payment systems. Nevertheless, the decentralized nature of blockchain networks, while offering resilience against single points of failure, also poses unique cybersecurity risks. Smart contracts, self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement directly written into code, introduce vulnerabilities such as code bugs and exploits. Moreover, the anonymity associated with blockchain transactions has raised concerns regarding illicit activities, money laundering, and terrorist financing. In response to these challenges, the intersection of Blockchain Technology and Cybersecurity in Fintech offers opportunities for innovation. Advanced cryptographic techniques, such as multi-signature authentication and zero-knowledge proofs, are being leveraged to enhance security and privacy in blockchain-based systems. Additionally, regulatory frameworks are evolving to address the emerging risks associated with Fintech innovations, ensuring compliance and consumer protection. While Blockchain Technology presents promising opportunities for revolutionizing Fintech, its integration must be accompanied by robust cybersecurity measures to mitigate vulnerabilities and safeguard against potential threats. Collaborative efforts between industry stakeholders, regulators, and cybersecurity experts are imperative to foster a secure and resilient ecosystem for blockchain-based financial services.
N. El Inani, Faouzia Benabbou, Khadija Sabiri, Amal Zaouch
With the advancement of blockchain technology, Solidity-based smart contracts have become essential for automating and securing digital transactions across various sectors, from finance to supply chain management. These contracts enable decentralized exchanges without intermediaries, enhancing transparency. However, their immutable nature poses security challenges: any flaw in the code becomes permanent, exposing contracts to attacks and leading to financial and reputational losses. This paper provides a comparative analysis of recent machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques developed for detecting vulnerabilities in Solidity based smart contracts. By evaluating various approaches, we assess their effectiveness in identifying common threats such as reentrancy attacks and integer overflows. Finally, we highlight the importance of scalable, AI driven security solutions to address the growing complexity of vulnerabilities.
J. Thimmia Raja, Ashish Ashish, Sindhu Boianapalli, Soma Sabitha M · 6 authors
Blockchain technology, as a growing innovation, offers a viable solution to enhance transparency, traceability, and efficiency in global supply chains. While blockchain has great potential, several challenges remain, including scalability, integration with legacy systems, standardization, energy consumption, privacy concerns, and regulatory uncertainty. This enrollment of data is hoped to tackle these problems of dilemmas, whislt subsequent improved effective equates being more reasonable in terms of deploying blockchain applications. With the goal of offering a bridge to most projects still unsure whether to adopt Blockchain technology or to continue under what we call "Blockchain in the cloud" approach, this study introduces effective solutions on how to integrate Blockchain with current systems through innovative hybrid systems, standardized user protocols, and new consensus protocols that optimize cost of implementation and environmental impact. The other aspect of the research undertakes to design clear regulatory frameworks and change management systems that can aid in the adoption of blockchain technology for traditional supply chain stakeholders. By utilizing real-world case studies and the simplification of smart contract deployment, this work illustrates the practical benefits blockchain can provide in enhancing supply chain operations. In conclusion, the goal of this study is to pioneer a sustainable, secure, and efficient blockchain ecosystem that promotes trust, transparency, and collaboration among supply chain partners, ensuring the future viability of the technology.
The rapid evolution of financial technology (FinTech) has significantly transformed the structure and function of financial intermediation, reshaping how financial services are delivered, accessed, and regulated. This systematic review examines the FinTech revolution and its implications for the future of financial intermediation by synthesizing findings from recent scholarly literature, industry reports, and policy analyses. The study explores key dimensions of FinTech innovation, including digital lending platforms, peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, blockchain-based financial services, robo-advisory systems, mobile payments, and decentralized finance (DeFi). Findings indicate that FinTech has enhanced efficiency, reduced transaction costs, improved financial inclusion, and increased competition within the financial sector by disintermediating traditional financial institutions in several service areas. However, the review also identifies persistent challenges, including regulatory uncertainty, cybersecurity risks, data privacy concerns, and systemic vulnerabilities associated with digital financial ecosystems. The analysis further highlights a gradual shift from traditional bank-centered intermediation toward hybrid financial ecosystems characterized by collaboration between banks, FinTech firms, and BigTech companies. The study concludes that while FinTech is redefining the role of financial intermediaries, it is unlikely to eliminate them entirely; rather, it is driving their transformation into more technology-enabled, platform-based entities. The review contributes to ongoing debates on financial innovation by providing an integrated understanding of emerging trends and their implications for policy, regulation, and financial stability.
Atish Peshattiwar, A. P. Mohanraj, Anand Gerald A, Dharmalingam S · 6 authors
Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management Blockchain can help scale to preparedness and enhance scalability, transparency, interoperability, security, and cost-efficiency. Existing implementations are facing significant challenges, such as considerable computational expense, scalability constraints, issues with interoperability, energy waste, and regulatory compliance. In response, this research presents a next-gen blockchain framework leveraging hybrid blockchain architectures, AI-integrated smart contracts, green consensus algorithms, and cross-platform interoperability strategies to bridge the gaps of the existing systems. In this paper, we present an architecture that incorporates Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP), Homomorphic Encryption, and Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) for upholding data transparency and privacy without compromising on regulatory compliance. Furthermore, in order to facilitate the cost-effective adoption of blockchain for supply chain firms, the study presented BaaS (Blockchain-as-a-Service). AI-powered adaptive smart contracts to automate logistics operations in real-time are also included in the framework. This research proves that the proposed blockchain framework helps to increase the supply chain security level, decrease operational costs, improve transaction efficiency, and conformity with the regulations of global trade through the case study analysis and simulation testing approaches. The outcome indicates the comparative analysis demonstrating the improvement– a 40% reduction in latency, a 30% decrease in computational costs, and a 50% higher transaction processing speed compared to the existing blockchain technologies with respect to hybrid blockchain model. This research addresses major roadblocks to significant adoption of blockchain, and provides a robust, cost-efficient, and privacy-protective, scalable blockchain solution which can guarantee resilience and transparency of supply chain in current-day logistics networks.
Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative innovation, redefining industries through its decentralized and secure framework. Smart contracts—self-executing code deployed on blockchain platforms like Ethereum—enable decentralized applications (dApps) to automate processes across finance, healthcare, and supply chain management. However, their programmability introduces significant security risks, making them susceptible to vulnerabilities that can be exploited by malicious actors. While different detection methods have been developed to address these security concerns, they often remain inadequate. Traditional approaches to smart contract vulnerability detection, such as static and dynamic analysis, are limited by their reliance on predefined rules, making them ineffective for addressing complex, domain-specific vulnerabilities in rapidly evolving decentralized ecosystems. This thesis addresses these challenges by leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs), which have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in contextual understanding and reasoning. Through parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques, including Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) and Quantized LoRA (QLoRA), the research enhances the scalability and accessibility of LLMs for vulnerability detection. The study also examines Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) frameworks to dynamically retrieve and process relevant information. The research develops and evaluates two distinct approaches: fine-tuning LLMs and RAG. The CodeGemma 7B model achieved exceptional results, attaining 94.78% accuracy on the DeFi Hacks & Top200 dataset and 92.52% on the TrustLLM dataset, surpassing previous benchmarks using larger and proprietary models. The best-performing RAG model, Gemma 2, achieved 79.1% accuracy, demonstrating the effectiveness of retrieval-based augmentation. These contributions lay the groundwork for more scalable, efficient, and democratized tools for securing blockchain ecosystems, addressing the limitations of traditional methods while offering cost-effective solutions for safer decentralized systems.
Jamil Raja, D Hema Ruba, Sai Krishna, K Manasa · 6 authors
Blockchain technology has become a disruptive force that is quickly reshaping supply chain management by providing greater transparency, security, and efficiency. As promising as the Blockchain is, previous research fails to provide solutions for bringing Blockchain into real-world practice, for getting it up to mass scale, and for ensuring that it meets the regulators’ requirements and these factors limit a more widespread adoption of Blockchain. By offering a review of blockchain-based supply chain management initiatives, their pros and cons, and addressing under-researched topics related to optimized consensus mechanisms, interoperability solutions, and AI-driven solutions integration, this research fills the gaps to decrease inefficiencies in supply chains. As part of the latter, the study presents zero-knowledge proofs, decentralized identity verification and cross-chain protocols as potential solutions to address security concerns and enhance interoperability among multiple chains. Also, a deeper implementation roadmap is provided, enabling pragmatic applicability in real business operations across the global supply chain. By analyzing cases, the study emphasizes the practical contributions of blockchain in traceability, fraud prevention, inventory optimization, and automated contract execution. The results highlight blockchain as a scalable, secure, and legally compliant technology for solving modern supply chain problems, filling the gap between theory and practical adoption.