Blockchain Papers

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3,895 papersLast indexed Aug 31, 2026
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Jan 4, 2023·Sensors
262 cites
Metaverse in Healthcare Integrated with Explainable AI and Blockchain: Enabling Immersiveness, Ensuring Trust, and Providing Patient Data Security

Sikandar Ali, Abdullah, Tagne Poupi Theodore Armand, Ali Athar · 9 authors

Digitization and automation have always had an immense impact on healthcare. It embraces every new and advanced technology. Recently the world has witnessed the prominence of the metaverse which is an emerging technology in digital space. The metaverse has huge potential to provide a plethora of health services seamlessly to patients and medical professionals with an immersive experience. This paper proposes the amalgamation of artificial intelligence and blockchain in the metaverse to provide better, faster, and more secure healthcare facilities in digital space with a realistic experience. Our proposed architecture can be summarized as follows. It consists of three environments, namely the doctor's environment, the patient's environment, and the metaverse environment. The doctors and patients interact in a metaverse environment assisted by blockchain technology which ensures the safety, security, and privacy of data. The metaverse environment is the main part of our proposed architecture. The doctors, patients, and nurses enter this environment by registering on the blockchain and they are represented by avatars in the metaverse environment. All the consultation activities between the doctor and the patient will be recorded and the data, i.e., images, speech, text, videos, clinical data, etc., will be gathered, transferred, and stored on the blockchain. These data are used for disease prediction and diagnosis by explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) models. The GradCAM and LIME approaches of XAI provide logical reasoning for the prediction of diseases and ensure trust, explainability, interpretability, and transparency regarding the diagnosis and prediction of diseases. Blockchain technology provides data security for patients while enabling transparency, traceability, and immutability regarding their data. These features of blockchain ensure trust among the patients regarding their data. Consequently, this proposed architecture ensures transparency and trust regarding both the diagnosis of diseases and the data security of the patient. We also explored the building block technologies of the metaverse. Furthermore, we also investigated the advantages and challenges of a metaverse in healthcare.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Brain Tumor Detection and Classification
Original source
Jan 3, 2023·Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking
5 cites
Blockchain for Software Maintainability in Healthcare

Gokul Yenduri, Rajesh Kaluri, Thippa Reddy Gadekallu, Mufti Mahmud · 5 authors

In the healthcare industry, software quality plays a crucial role as it is used in almost all systems used for medical intervention. If the quality of healthcare software is not considered, it can potentially have a negative effect and may create catastrophic situations for the patient’s health and can seriously affect the organisation’s reputation. Maintainability is a key component of software quality, making up 80% of the total cost of the software development life cycle cost. Software maintainability can be assessed using metrics that are stored in a centralised location. Software maintainability metrics and related data are crucial. If attackers alter this data, it affects the overall quality of healthcare software. In order to solve this issue, we adapted blockchain-based storage, which offers the advantages of decentralisation, immutability, and transparency and is a promising solution. We used Storj, a blockchain-based decentralised file system, to secure the maintainability metrics and related data. According to the results, the maintainability metrics data stored in the blockchain-based decentralised file storage is more secure, redundant, and cost-effective than centralised storage.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Cloud Computing and Resource Management
Original source
Jan 3, 2023·Mathematics
13 cites
The ISM Method to Analyze the Relationship between Blockchain Adoption Criteria in University: An Indonesian Case

Vincent F. Yu, Achmad Bahauddin, Putro F. Ferdinant, Agustina Fatmawati · 5 authors

Referring to the widespread problem of diploma forgery in Indonesian educational institutions as the impetus for UNTIRTA’s latest vision as an “Integrated, Smart, and Green University,” UNTIRTA intends to use blockchain technology to prevent diploma forgery and overcome issues related to existing platforms at UNTIRTA, such as frequent connection interruptions when accessed by a large number of users simultaneously. Before using blockchain technology, UNTIRTA must evaluate several readiness issues. This study presented the interpretative structural modeling (ISM) method to assess the primary preparedness elements for adopting blockchain technology in universities and sought to provide pertinent strategy ideas for UNTIRTA’s blockchain technology application. The results reveal sixteen major parameters that influence the adoption readiness of blockchain technology at UNTIRTA. The primary variables impacting the adoption and deployment of blockchain technology at UNTIRTA are management and employee support and a grasp of the technology. To realize UNTIRTA’s mission as an “Integrated, Smart, and Green University”, the proposed method entails determining an initial agreement in which all stakeholders have a shared understanding and commitment to Blockchain technology implementation at UNTIRTA. The objective of the tactical proposal is to establish each unit’s mission in the blockchain implementation program. The objective of the technical proposal is to construct a planning document that will serve as a coordination tool between the chairman and members, as well as all parties interested in the adoption of Blockchain technology at UNTIRTA.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Original source
Jan 3, 2023·Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Technologies
1 cites
Blockchain Network Based Hyperledger Fabric Techniques – A Survey

S. Ayyasamy

Blockchain is described as a cacheable, immutable that makes tracking transactions and assets in a corporate network easier. Hyperledger is a free software initiative that was designed to aid in the development of distributed ledgers based on blockchain technology. Hyperledger has several frameworks, including Hyperledger Fabric, Hyperledger Burrow, Hyperledger Indy, Hyperledger Sawtooth, and Hyperledger Grid. There are also other Hyperledger-based technologies used in blockchain. This research paper investigates the many applications and strategies employed by the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain network. There will also be a discussion regarding Hyperledger frameworks, future improvements, and overall applications used.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Cloud Computing and Resource Management
Original source
Jan 3, 2023·Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking
45 cites
Blockchain Enabled SDN Framework for Security Management in 5G Applications

Debashis Das, Sourav Banerjee, Kousik Dasgupta, Pushpita Chatterjee · 6 authors

Fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks are now operational to deploy all over the world. The technology of 5G’s objective is to link heterogeneous machines and devices with significant improvements high quality of service (QoS), internet bandwidth, and improved system throughput to enable several upright applications. Despite all these benefits that 5G will provide, still, significant issues need to be resolved, such as decentralization, transparency, and risks associated with data interoperability, network privacy, and security vulnerabilities. Modern networks link an enormous number of devices to the Internet, and in this complicated situation, the use of BC and SDN has been effectively advocated to assure security, privacy, and secrecy. This study offers a blockchain-enabled SDN framework for securing transactions that makes use of Software Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) to overcome these issues. The proposed framework can address the man-in-the-middle attack between control and data plane in SDN networks. A controller authentication scheme is provided using smart contracts. Smart contracts automatically authenticate the SDN controller to increase the efficiency of controller verification. The communicated data can also be authenticated using smart contracts. The proposed framework can enhance network transparency, data security, and user privacy. Each SDN controller can access verifiable data using the proposed framework.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Software-Defined Networks and 5G
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Original source
Jan 3, 2023·Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking
8 cites
GeoChain: A Locality-Based Sharding Protocol for Permissioned Blockchains

Chunyu Mao, Wojciech Golab

Blockchain is a distributed ledger that uses cryptography and consensus protocols to record a growing list of transactions in a tamper-resistant manner. Scalability is one of the main problems that limit its usage. This paper introduces a full sharding protocol, Geochain, for permissioned blockchains. We first clarify the limitations of state-of-the-art sharding protocols. Then, we propose a locality-based sharding protocol that achieves high scalability. We optimize inter-shard performance by clustering participants using their geographical properties, locality. In addition, the locality is also employed to decide the transaction placement which results in a low ratio of cross-shard transactions for applications, such as everyday banking, retail payments, and electric vehicle charging. We also propose a client-driven efficient mechanism to handle cross-shard transactions and present an analysis. This enables clients to manage their assets across different shards directly. A prototype is implemented on top of Hyperledger Fabric v2.3 and evaluated on Amazon EC2. The experiments show that our protocol doubles the peak throughput, even with a high ratio of cross-shard transactions, while minimizing the transaction latency.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Distributed systems and fault tolerance
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Original source
Jan 1, 2023·Procedia Computer Science
14 cites
A novel blockchain-based architectural modal for healthcare data integrity: Covid19 screening laboratory use-case

Sabri Barbaria, Halima MAHJOUBI, Hanene Boussi Rahmouni

In this paper, we are proposing a blockchain-based architectural model to ensure the integrity of healthcare-sensitive data in an AI-based medical research context. In our approach, we will use the HL7 FHIR standardized data structure to ensure the interoperability of our approach with the existing hospital information systems (HIS). Indeed, structuring the data coming from several heterogeneous sources would enhance its quality. In addition, a standardised data structure would help establish a more accurate security and data protection model throughout the process of data collection cleansing and processing. Hence, we designed our architecture to be interoperable with all FHIR-based HISs to add a trust layer to the current medical research process. In this paper we are to achieve our goal, we will combine continua healthcare IoT architecture and Hyperledger fabric architecture. Our trust layer model is composed of four components: (1) an architecture that integrates with the HL7 FHIR data exchange framework, which extends an open protocol that supports efficient standards-based healthcare data exchange (2) a blockchain layer to support access control and auditing of FHIR health records that are stored in the data exchange network databases; (3) a distributed architecture consisting of multiple trusted nodes ensure privacy protection for health data; and (4) an application programming interface (API) will be available for use by the network.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Cloud Data Security Solutions
Original source
Jan 1, 2023·IEEE Access
7 cites
Research on Blockchain-Based FinTech Trust Evaluation Mechanism

Ying Song, Chaohao Sun, Lanxin Li, Feifei Wei · 6 authors

The financial technology (FinTech) has promoted the wide application of FinTech with the help of artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, data science and other new technologies. Trust evaluation has become a forward-looking issue for the rapid development of FinTech. The existing trust evaluation methods of FinTech do not consider the impact of the timeliness, reliability and non-invasive factors of trust on trust evaluation, which results in low accuracy of trust evaluation and incapability of effectively identifying malicious behaviors of users. Firstly, this paper introduces the blockchain technology to construct a four-layer architecture structure and multiple trust evaluation indicators based on blockchain service data. Secondly, the paper proposes a blockchain based FinTech trust evaluation mechanism (BFTEM), which utilizes blockchain to record relevant data and multiple trust parameters during the transmission process of each block, and verify the trust degree issued by the trust holder through the comprehensive trust value of the user. Finally, the block generation time, throughput, delayed response time and comprehensive trust value are experimentally studied through simulation experiments. Simulation experiments show that BFTEM mechanism can better improve the security and reliability of FinTech data, and has advantages in improving the accuracy of trust evaluation and expanding potential applications.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Cloud Data Security Solutions
Original source
Jan 1, 2023·Procedia Computer Science
14 cites
Increasing Data Availability for Solid Waste Collection Using an IoT Platform based on LoRaWAN and Blockchain

Raimir Holanda Filho, Débora Carla Barboza de Sousa, Wellington Alves de Brito, Joan Lucas Marques de Sousa Chaves · 6 authors

Solid waste management is one of the problems that has gained greater prominence in recent years. This topic has been discussed with greater emphasis in conjunction with environmental issues, driven by changes in the most diverse fields provided by the recent post-pandemic scenario. However, due to traditional or inefficient waste management approaches, most trash bins placed in cities can be seen as overflowing. Therefore, a remote monitoring system is needed to alert the level of garbage in bins to the relevant authority for waste clearance. In this scenario, the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm plays a vital role in improving smart city applications by tracking and managing city processes. This paper implements a solution based on Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) and blockchain technologies to provide the required data available for increasing efficiency in solid waste collection. Finally, this paper provides an evaluation of the proposed architecture related to latency and throughput metrics.

Open access
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
IoT Networks and Protocols
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Original source
Jan 1, 2023·Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)
12 cites
Quantum Secure Undeniable Signature for Blockchain-Enabled Cold-Chain Logistics System

Chaoyang Li, Hongxue Shen, Xiayang Shi, Hui Liang

Data security and user privacy are two main security concerns in the cold-chain logistics system (CCLS). Many security issues exist in traditional CCLS, destroying data security and user privacy. The digital signature can provide data verification and identity authentication based on the mathematical difficulty problem for logistics data sharing in CCLS. This paper first established a blockchain-enabled cold-chain logistics system (BCCLS) based on union blockchain technology, which can provide secure data sharing among different logistics nodes and guarantee logistics data security with the untampered blockchain ledger. Meanwhile, a lattice-based undeniable signature scheme is designed to strengthen the security of logistics data and user privacy against quantum attacks. This scheme is based on the lattice assumption, which can provide anti-quantum security for BCCLS in the future quantum computer age. It also establishes the undeniable mechanism that guarantees that the actual signer cannot deny a valid signature. Then, security proof shows that this undeniable signature scheme is correct and safe, and an efficiency comparison shows that it is more efficient than other schemes in similar literature. The performance evaluations of transaction throughput and latency show that the proposed BCCLS is efficient and practical. This work can improve the security and efficiency of logistics data management and promote the reform and development of the logistics industry.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Original source
Jan 1, 2023·International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering
11 cites
Achieving A Secure Cloud Storage Mechanism Using Blockchain Technology

Parin Patel, Hiren Patel

Storage requirements are increasing rapidly with fast-growing Cloud computing technology.The more data storage and transaction processing requirements, the more chances of malicious activities.Storage security is a vital concern nowadays.To deal with this problem, in this research, we propose a system that provides an efficient security mechanism for data storage on the Cloud with enhanced access control policies by using Blockchain technology, which is immutable in nature.The usage of smart contracts improves transparency and creates a trust model that eliminates the requirement of a trusted third party.The system manages the log trails of all transactions and accomplishes all access policies.The proposed model is transparent, traceable, and secure.Data owners hold all rights to their data and any activity pertaining to accessing the data illegitimately shall not be accepted by the network and shall be notified to all the concerns.We demonstrate our proposed mechanism with details about all concerned stakeholders.The Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) scheme is used with multiple authorities to manage the user attributes that avoid the use of the central authority.The smart contract avoids the computational burden on the user side and reduces communication costs.We analyze security and compare the performance of our proposed model.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Cloud Data Security Solutions
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Original source
Jan 1, 2023·Procedia Computer Science
9 cites
Proposal of a Modified Hash Algorithm to Increase Blockchain Security

Alaa Abid Muslam Abid Ali, Manar Joundy Hazar, Mohamed Mabrouk, Mounir Zrigui

Blockchain technology provides a novel method for storing information, performing tasks and functions, and establishing trust between participating nodes. Despite the fact that blockchain technology has received significant attention in a variety of application contexts over the last few years, the issue of privacy and security remains the primary focus of blockchain discussions. In Blockchain, the cryptographic hash function is used to secure message blocks and connect blocks in a chain. In summary, each block in the blockchain contains its own block hash as well as a hash of the block before it. This enables them to create a crypto-graphically secure linear chain of blocks. With blockchain technology, there is a new way to store information, carry out tasks and functions, and build trust between the nodes that are taking part. Hash algorithms can be used to make blockchain integration safe, and many of them can solve problems with data integrity and security that arise when using blockchain technology. But they can also have problems with time, lack of resources, and using too much memory. In this study, an algorithm to create a hash based on a chaos key using logistic maps and lightweight cryptography is proposed (hamming bird 2). Hash outputs are tested in terms of time and hardness to guess using cryptanalysis tools. The proposed algorithm has been tested using cryptanalysis site based brute force attacks. The result show that the modified hash cannot identified by site using all cryptanalysis setting that prove the strong of hash generated against attacks.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Original source
Jan 1, 2023·Computer Systems Science and Engineering
13 cites
BIoMT: A Blockchain-Enabled Healthcare Architecture for Information Security in the Internet of Medical Things

Sahar Badri, Sana Ullah Jan, Daniyal Alghazzawi, Sahar Aldhaheri · 5 authors

Rapid technological advancement has enabled modern healthcare systems to provide more sophisticated and real-time services on the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). The existing cloud-based, centralized IoMT architectures are vulnerable to multiple security and privacy problems. The blockchain-enabled IoMT is an emerging paradigm that can ensure the security and trustworthiness of medical data sharing in the IoMT networks. This article presents a private and easily expandable blockchain-based framework for the IoMT. The proposed framework contains several participants, including private blockchain, hospital management systems, cloud service providers, doctors, and patients. Data security is ensured by incorporating an attribute-based encryption scheme. Furthermore, an IoT-friendly consensus algorithm is deployed to ensure fast block validation and high scalability in the IoMT network. The proposed framework can perform multiple healthcare-related services in a secure and trustworthy manner. The performance of blockchain read/write operations is evaluated in terms of transaction throughput and latency. Experimental outcomes indicate that the proposed scheme achieved an average throughput of 857 TPS and 151 TPS for read and write operations. The average latency is 61 ms and 16 ms for read and write operations, respectively.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Internet of Things and AI
Original source
Jan 1, 2023·Computer Systems Science and Engineering
12 cites
A Blockchain-Based Trust Model for Supporting Collaborative Healthcare Data Management

Jiwon Jeon, Junho Kim, Mincheol Shin, Mucheol Kim

The development of information technology allows the collaborative business process to be run across multiple enterprises in a larger market environment. However, while collaborative business expands the realm of businesses, it also causes various hazards in collaborative Interaction, such as data falsification, inconstancy, and misuse. To solve these issues, a blockchain-based collaborative business modeling approach was proposed and analyzed. However, the existing studies lack the blockchain risk problem-solving specification, and there is no verification technique to examine the process. Consequently, it is difficult to confirm the appropriateness of the approach. Thus, here, we propose and build a blockchain-based trust model to strengthen and verify the integrity and security of the collaborative business process; Integrity and security address the validity of collaborative interactions in terms of a trust, and we construct a blockchain pattern based on trust elements to meet the required the characteristics. Specifically, a trust model can be applied to the healthcare data-sharing process, and then the achievement of the trust-based safe data-sharing process can be proven. Our model can be used as a trust-building guidance tool or for integrity and security verification with the collaborative business process in a distributed environment with blockchain.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Cloud Data Security Solutions
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Original source
Jan 1, 2023·Procedia Computer Science
13 cites
Blockchain and API Development to Improve Relational Database Integrity and System Interoperability

Andhika Naafi Ramadhan, Kharisma Naufal Pane, Kun Rifki Wardhana, Suharjito Suharjito

Technological developments have resulted in a trend of cryptocurrencies that use a technology called blockchain to create and record all transactions made into a digital ledger. Along with the emergence of the trend of cryptocurrencies, this development has also resulted in crimes that hit the digital world, such as data leakage and cyber espionage. This threat can be prevented by applying blockchain technology to the database that has been used. Therefore, we need a system that can facilitate the use of blockchain technology and can process data from an existing relational database into a blockchain-based database. The system developed in this study was built with the FastAPI framework that uses the Python programming language and the React framework that uses the Javascript programming language. This system was tested using Katalon and Wireshark software to perform throughput testing and man-in-the-middle attacks. Evaluation of this system is assessed based on the average throughput time and also the results of Wireshark packet capture. The system designed in this research is expected to help overcome interoperability problems when using blockchain and improve relational database integrity. The results of the test show that the system is safe from man-in-the-middle attacks while sending data through API and has a faster throughput time than BigchainDB system by 4.151 seconds.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Original source
Jan 1, 2023·Procedia Computer Science
16 cites
Designing Personalized Integrated Healthcare Monitoring System through Blockchain and IoT

Gunawan Wang, Aldian Nurcahyo

Personalised Integrated Healthcare Monitoring System (PIHMS) has received major attention from the healthcare industry. With large population and strong growth of Indonesian middle class, PIHMS is certainly a big market for major healthcare providers. Although Indonesia has strong growth of middle-class, ironically, it is not supported with adequate physician ratio. Indonesian Ministry of Health (MoH) reported in 2020 the ratio of physicians per 1.000 patients is 0,62, far below WHO standard. As consequence, many Indonesian patients prefer to go abroad to have better healthcare services. The article supports the government's initiative to develop PIHM design by implementing IoT devices and blockchain networks. The use of PIHMS is essential to reach large patients that spread in remote areas, that suits to Indonesian condition. The article proposes PIHM based on blockchain solution (MedDApp) that enables to utilise IoT devices to carry out remote monitoring and medical consultation. The article examines the use of blockchain architecture to support developing data interchange between patients, healthcare providers and third parties such insurances and ministry of health (MoH). Data gatherings from respective stakeholders from Data and Information Centre division (Pusdatin), MoH and state-own hospitals to support developing smart health care architecture (MedDApp). The MedDApp design is expected to provide secure access between patients with healthcare professionals and third parties (national insurance companies and researchers in MoH). The outcome of the article is expected to be used as a reference for major healthcare providers to provide better services for their large patients.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
AI in Service Interactions
Original source
Jan 1, 2023·International Journal of Data and Network Science
11 cites
Integrated cloud computing and blockchain systems: A review

Mohammad Alshinwan, Ahmed Younes Shdefat, Nour Mostafa, Abdullah A.M AlSokkar · 6 authors

Blockchain technology is one of the crypto-currency technologies that has received a lot of attention. It has also found use in various applications, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud computing. Nonetheless, Blockchain has a significant scalability issue, restricting its ability to support services with various transactions. On the other hand, cloud computing is the on-demand availability of shared computer system resources, although issues now beset it in automation, processes, management, policies, and human aspects. Combining cloud computing and blockchain technology into a single system can improve network control, task scheduling, data integrity, resource management, pricing, fair payment, and resource allocation. In this article, we offered a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of cloud computing and Blockchain integration, a critical service for business applications due to the benefits of privacy, security, and service support. The lack of a comprehensive assessment examining the significance of BaaS platforms used in cloud computing prompted this review. We focus on the various BaaS tools that are currently in use. This report also examines the most common BaaS platforms incorporating Blockchain as a cloud service, such as Alibaba, Oracle, Azure, Amazon, and IBM. Furthermore, this research highlighted some major technological issues associated with merging Blockchain with cloud computing.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Cloud Computing and Resource Management
Original source
Jan 1, 2023·Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering
20 cites
SCBC: Smart city monitoring with blockchain using Internet of Things for and neuro fuzzy procedures

Shitharth Selvarajan, Hariprasath Manoharan, Celestine Iwendi, Taher Al‐Shehari · 6 authors

The security of the Internet of Things (IoT) is crucial in various application platforms, such as the smart city monitoring system, which encompasses comprehensive monitoring of various conditions. Therefore, this study conducts an analysis on the utilization of blockchain technology for the purpose of monitoring Internet of Things (IoT) systems. The analysis is carried out by employing parametric objective functions. In the context of the Internet of Things (IoT), it is imperative to establish well-defined intervals for job execution, ensuring that the completion status of each action is promptly monitored and assessed. The major significance of proposed method is to integrate a blockchain technique with neuro-fuzzy algorithm thereby improving the security of data processing units in all smart city applications. As the entire process is carried out with IoT the security of data in both processing and storage units are not secured therefore confidence level of monitoring units are maximized at each state. Due to the integration process the proposed system model is implemented with minimum energy conservation where 93% of tasks are completed with improved security for about 90%.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Organizational and Employee Performance
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Original source
Jan 1, 2023·Journal of Intelligent Systems
28 cites
Dimensions of artificial intelligence techniques, blockchain, and cyber security in the Internet of medical things: Opportunities, challenges, and future directions

Aya Hamid Ameen, Mazin Abed Mohammed, Ahmed Noori Rashid

Abstract The Internet of medical things (IoMT) is a modern technology that is increasingly being used to provide good healthcare services. As IoMT devices are vulnerable to cyberattacks, healthcare centers and patients face privacy and security challenges. A safe IoMT environment has been used by combining blockchain (BC) technology with artificial intelligence (AI). However, the services of the systems are costly and suffer from security and privacy problems. This study aims to summarize previous research in the IoMT and discusses the roles of AI, BC, and cybersecurity in the IoMT, as well as the problems, opportunities, and directions of research in this field based on a comprehensive literature review. This review describes the integration schemes of AI, BC, and cybersecurity technologies, which can support the development of new systems based on a decentralized approach, especially in healthcare applications. This study also identifies the strengths and weaknesses of these technologies, as well as the datasets they use.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Original source
Jan 1, 2023·Computer Systems Science and Engineering
15 cites
An Immutable Framework for Smart Healthcare Using Blockchain Technology

Faneela, Muazzam A. Khan, Suliman A. Alsuhibany, Walid El‐Shafai · 6 authors

The advancements in sensing technologies, information processing, and communication schemes have revolutionized the healthcare sector. Electronic Healthcare Records (EHR) facilitate the patients, doctors, hospitals, and other stakeholders to maintain valuable data and medical records. The traditional EHRs are based on cloud-based architectures and are susceptible to multiple cyberattacks. A single attempt of a successful Denial of Service (DoS) attack can compromise the complete healthcare system. This article introduces a secure and immutable blockchain-based framework for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to address the stated challenges. The proposed architecture is on the idea of a lightweight private blockchain-based network that facilitates the users and hospitals to perform multiple healthcare-related operations in a secure and trustworthy manner. The efficacy of the proposed framework is evaluated in the context of service execution time and throughput. The experimental outcomes indicate that the proposed design attained lower service execution time and higher throughput under different control parameters.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Internet of Things and AI
Original source
Jan 1, 2023·IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
20 cites
A Scalable Blockchain Framework for Secure Transactions in IoT-Based Dynamic Applications

Sultan Basudan

The essential characteristics of blockchain, such as immutability and auditability, are leading to its increasing incorporation into society. The Internet of Things (IoT) aims to create a decentralized framework for IoT and enhance security. The processing of transactions for different IoT applications poses challenges for the convergence of IoT and blockchain due to varying performance requirements. In addition, it is important to note that the dispersed IoT systems membership may change when an IoT device adds or departs from it. As the system becomes dynamic, it presents new difficulties for managing devices. Accordingly, a dynamic application block generation (DABG) scheme for blockchain-enabled IoT with dynamic device management and conditional traceability is proposed. To begin, it is necessary to construct a framework for an IoT system based on a consortium blockchain. This framework should consist of structures for dynamic application transactions and blocks, as well as a consensus mechanism. Miners are presented in distinct ways to adaptively process urgent and routine application transactions. A protocol based on group signature, known as DABG, is proposed for this framework. It is possible to achieve nonframeability, traceability, and anonymity by the use of the group signature. The suggested method may quickly validate transactions, manage devices in a dynamic manner, enable conditional traceability while maintaining data security, and keep users privacy intact. This is made possible by merging time-bound keys in the group signatures and node in the blockchain. Extensive testing has shown that the strategy in question has the potential to achieve very high levels of effectiveness.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Original source
Jan 1, 2023·IEEE Access
25 cites
Enhancing Supply Chain Efficiency and Security: A Proof of Concept for IoT Device Integration With Blockchain

Yash Madhwal, Yury Yanovich, S. Balachander, K. Harshini Poojaa · 6 authors

The manufacturing industry comprises various departments, and the supply chain is crucial in ensuring uninterrupted commodity flow during production. However, traditional supply chain systems face transparency, data visibility, and security challenges. This scientific article presents a Proof of Concept (PoC) that explores integrating IoT devices with blockchain technology to address these issues. Our PoC focuses on enabling IoT devices to autonomously sign transactions to the blockchain using IoT devices’ authenticated private keys, eliminating the need for external wallets. This approach offers scalability, efficiency, and real-time responsiveness benefits. Leveraging the devices’ transaction processing capabilities enhances scalability, allowing for a higher transaction volume. Automation of transaction signing streamlines the process, improving efficiency and eliminating delays caused by human interaction. Real-time responsiveness is ensured, eliminating any latency introduced by external wallets. We provide a detailed workflow of the use case and simulation results, making our research findings more accessible. Through this work, we demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of this method in scenarios where continuous, automated interaction with the blockchain is required through IoT devices. The PoC code is publicly available on GitHub.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Digital Transformation in Industry
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Original source
Jan 1, 2023·San Jose State University Library
0 cites
SpartanScript

Ajinkya Lakade

Smart contracts have become a crucial element for developing decentralized applications on blockchain, resulting in numerous innovative projects on blockchain networks. Ethereum has played a significant role in this space by providing a high-performance Ethereum virtual machine, enabling the creation of several high- level programming languages that can run on the Ethereum blockchain. Despite its usefulness, the Ethereum Virtual Machine has been prone to security vulnerabilities that can result in developers succumbing to common pitfalls which are otherwise safeguarded by modern virtual machines used in programming languages. The project aims to introduce a new interpreted scripting programming language that closely resembles the Scheme programming language. This language is designed to run natively on Spartan Gold, which is an experimental blockchain platform that facilitates easy experimentation in a blockchain environment. To demonstrate the usefulness of SpartanScript, the project includes the imple- mentation of various smart contracts, such as time-sensitive smart contracts and an implementation of the ERC-20 standard. The ERC-20 standard is a crucial component of the blockchain ecosystem because it provides a standardized set of rules for creating and managing tokens on the Ethereum blockchain, enabling interoperability and easy implementation of new tokens to represent a wide range of assets, such as currencies, commodities, or even other cryptocurrencies

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
Original source
Jan 1, 2023·IEEE Access
39 cites
Blockchain-Integrated Security for Real-Time Patient Monitoring in the Internet of Medical Things Using Federated Learning

Mohammad Faisal Khan, Mohammad Abaoud

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) heralds a transformative era in healthcare, with the potential to revolutionize patient care, healthcare services, and medical research. As with all technological progressions, IoMT introduces a suite of complex challenges, predominantly centered on security. In particular, ensuring the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of health data in real-time communication stands paramount, given the sensitivity of the information and the ramifications of potential breaches or misuse. In light of these challenges, existing security frameworks, while commendable, exhibit limitations. Specifically, they often grapple with comprehensive anomaly detection, effective resistance to replay attacks, and robust protection against threats like man-in-the-middle attacks, eavesdropping, data tampering, and identity spoofing. The proposed framework integrates state-of-the-art encryption techniques, cutting-edge pattern recognition modules, and adaptive learning mechanisms. These components collaboratively ensure data integrity during transmission, provide robust resistance against conventional and novel attack vectors, and adapt to evolving threats through continuous learning. Moreover, the framework incorporates sophisticated checksum techniques and advanced behavioral analysis, further enhancing its protective capabilities. Our system demonstrated significant improvements in anomaly detection and attack resistance metrics, consistently outperforming benchmark solutions like MRMS and BACKM-EHA.

Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
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