Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs) have the capability of being a disruptive Web3 technology. Their usage of cryptographically secure distributed ledgers shows promise of replacing existing technical and financial intermediaries. However, this promise has not been fully materialised yet: existing attempts typically rely on centralisation as the required decentralised components do not exist or are not mature enough. We present our Web3 Deployment Experiment around a robust decentralised economy to address these issues. Our economy is unique due to the removal of all centralised components and governance. It is resilient against legal and economic attacks as no individual or organisation can compromise its functioning. We dub this characteristic extreme decentralisation. Similar to BitTorrent and Bitcoin, our extreme decentralisation DAOs carefully avoid single points of failure and are effectively unstoppable. Within our experiment around a music economy, we bypass all intermediaries in finance, technology, and the music industry itself with a direct donation to musicians. We demonstrate the viability of collective decision-making within our decentralised economy and present a set of principles for Web3 DAOs. Our implementation shows that the DAO ecosystem is fully deployable on smartphones, allowing anyone to create a DAO without reliance on central authorities or components.
Securing and managing medical data in hospitals is one of the significant challenges still existing in healthcare. There can be different kinds of patients staying in hospitals with various diseases. All these medical data records need to be secured appropriately for future use and verification. In the hospital, there will be essential documents such as criminal cases and postmortem reports, although it is unclear if they are being handled properly or not. Even the hospital staff can alter these data. This paper proposes a blockchain-based secured medical data management system to manage access to each medical record in a network of hospitals. The proposed system has three main access management categories: one for securing general (fever or cold) medical report, category 2 for postmortem or crime reports security and category 3 for securing cancer /brain death /genetic disorder reports. Sensitive clinical data should not be visible to patients with cancer or genetic disorders as these patients have a higher rate of suicide attempts. Hence, the data is accessible only to doctors, family members, and researchers. The data related to the crime or postmortem reports have only limited access for those with legal permission to access and verify these types of reports. So through blockchain distributed ledger technology and smart contracts, we could store the data in a tamper-proof manner and manage the user access to these data.
Objectives: To propose a reliable Block-chain based Biometric Authentication Solution (BBAS) for the Aadhar biometric authentication system. Methods: We have used Sokoto Coventry Fingerprint Dataset (SOCOFing) data set for biometrics. The presented model was implemented using the Ethereum network Geth (v.1.9.25) and Solidity (v.0.6.0). Python 3.8 and Web3py were used at the client side. Findings: From the proposed solution, it is inferred that the BBAS avoids the single point of failure problem as the biometrics are distributed throughout the block-chain. Novelty: This research proposes a new hybrid scheme that uses a block-chain that stores the hash value of the biometric files and a trusted third party (Aadhar) to store the biometric files, thereby avoiding storing the same bio-metric files throughout the block-chain. Keywords: Biometric; Blockchain; Aadhar; Security; Authentication
Constant advancements in technology have a significant impact on our everyday lives and the ecosystem in which we live. The growing popularity of cryptocurrencies (e.g., Bitcoin and Ethereum), along with Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), which are founded on blockchain technology, has opened the way for these blockchain projects to be integrated into a wide range of other kinds of applications (apps). Today, cryptocurrencies are used as a popular method of payment online; however, their popularity on the dark Web is also increasing. For example, they can be used to buy and perform various illegal activities among criminals due to their anonymity. Web3 cryptocurrency wallets, used to store cryptocurrencies, have not been studied as thoroughly as many other apps from a digital forensic perspective on mobile devices, given the increasing number of these services and apps today for many platforms, including the leading mobile operating systems (i.e., iOS and Android). Therefore, the purpose of this research is to guide investigators to unlock the full potential of popular cryptocurrency Web3 wallets, Trust Wallet and Metamask, to understand what can be recovered, and to look at areas where there are knowledge gaps. We digitally analyzed and forensically examined two mobile wallets that do not require any personal identifiers to register and are widely used for Web3 cryptocurrencies on Android and iOS devices. We review the digital evidence we have collected and discuss the implications of the forensic tools we have used. Finally, we propose a proof of concept extension to the iOS Logs, Events, And Plists Parser (iLEAPP) tool to automatically recover artifacts.
This dissertation studies the wave of interest in “decentralization” over the last decade led by a loose group of technical subcultures and communities building new computing and networking technologies. While technical decentralization has a long history, this recent interest extends the concept with claims of its central role in radical social transformations. Its proponents often offer sophisticated assessments of the issues facing the web and internet today, yet frequently propose fundamentally different solutions than those envisioned by scholars and other activists. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the social worlds in which decentralization has emerged as well as the interplay between values and socio-technical imaginaries accompanying it within some decentralizing technologies. In three articles, this dissertation characterizes technical decentralization and the forces within current interest in it. It uses an autoethnographic approach and collective reflection to report on two projects using decentralized technologies to build alternatives to existing data stewardship and publishing infrastructures. This dissertation situates those projects within the “DWeb” community and growing “Web3” movement through interviews and analysis of public talks and writing from organizations advocating decentralization. This dissertation highlights how decentralization as a concept remains ambivalent. It traces how proponents draw on the concept’s historical dimensions to develop distinct values and articulate visions of the future. It examines what is being decentralized and how within the data stewardship project, reports on the decentralized publishing software modelling values and principles, and provides sensitizing concepts for technical decentralization drawn from its broader historical and political context. Decentralization remains elusive throughout. The dissertation ends looking back at these explorations and asking whether decentralization is a concept worth claiming in the fight for a better internet.
This paper provides an update on the Canadian Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS) Commons, an in-development online hub for open social scholarship in Canada and beyond, and considers the next steps for the platform in an ever-evolving digital landscape. It outlines various recent outreach and engagement events intended to introduce the Canadian HSS Commons to the larger communities to which it belongs. Because the Canadian HSS Commons is committed to supporting the growth and evolving needs of these communities, this paper also considers how increasingly popular internet technologies such as Web3 and blockchain might play a part in the future of digital research infrastructure and the Canadian HSS Commons specifically. It concludes that while Web3 and blockchain currently raise important questions and concerns about governance, accountability, and commercialization, in the near future, these same technologies could also help engender new forms of functionality and participation on the Commons.
The project's goal is to create an application that assures consumers don't have to rely solely on merchants to determine whether or not products are authentic. It also assures that producer may use this system to supply genuine products without having to run direct operated outlets, lowering product quality assurance costs dramatically. The trade in counterfeit goods is expanding, hurting the sales and earnings of businesses who are affected. This project proposes a fully-functional blockchain system to prevent product counterfeiting to ensure the identification and traceability of real products throughout the supply chain. Establishments only need to pay minimal transaction fees, and they no longer need to be concerned about the probability of obtaining counterfeit products. This project utilizes Ethereum blockchain and Remix to develop the application code in the form of a Smart Contract. For testing and implementation, Ganache and MetaMask are used, which simulates the blockchain environment and user account respectively. The Client-Side application leverages with Reactjs and Web3js to interact with smart contract and provide its functionalities to the users, maintaining the integrity of the system. Key Words: Ethereum, Anti-Counterfeit, Solidity, Web3js, Reactjs, Ganache
Richard Blythman, Mohamed Arshath, Jakub Smékal, Hithesh Shaji · 6 authors
AI requires heavy amounts of storage and compute. As a result, AI developers are regular users of centralised cloud services such as AWS, GCP and Azure, compute environments such as Jupyter and Colab notebooks, and AI Hubs such as HuggingFace and ActiveLoop. There services are associated with certain benefits and limitations that stem from the underlying infrastructure and governance systems with which they are built. These limitations include high costs, lack of monetization and reward, lack of control and difficulty of reproducibility. At the same time, there are few libraries that allow data scientists to interact with decentralised storage in the language that data scientists are used to, and few hubs where they can discover and interact with AI assets. In this report, we explore the potential of decentralized technologies - such as Web3 wallets, peer-to-peer marketplaces, decentralized storage (IPFS and Filecoin) and compute, and DAOs - to address some of the above limitations. We showcase some of the libraries and integrations that we have built to tackle these issues, as well as a proof of concept of a decentralized AI Hub app, that all use IPFS as a core infrastructural component.
Recent developments in machine learning have shown that successful models do not rely only on huge amounts of data but the right kind of data. We show in this paper how this data-centric approach can be facilitated in a decentralized manner to enable efficient data collection for algorithms. Face detectors are a class of models that suffer heavily from bias issues as they have to work on a large variety of different data. We also propose a face detection and anonymization approach using a hybrid MultiTask Cascaded CNN with FaceNet Embeddings to benchmark multiple datasets to describe and evaluate the bias in the models towards different ethnicities, gender, and age groups along with ways to enrich fairness in a decentralized system of data labeling, correction, and verification by users to create a robust pipeline for model retraining.
Novac je kao sredstvo plaćanja potreban oduvijek. Tijekom povijesti način i sredstvo kojim su se vršile zamjene mijenjao se mnogo puta pa je postala neophodna ideja novca kao sredstva plaćanja. Iako je novac danas nužan u svakodnevnom životu, postoje brojni problemi koje takva imovina donosi, primjerice inflaciju koja uništava ušteđevine brojnih građana. Do takve današnje situacije dovele su brojne loše odluke vladajućih tijekom povijest. Kako živimo u digitalnoj eri kada tehnologija napreduje kao nikad prije, mnogi očekuju da će novac potpuno prijeći u digitalni oblik. Ovaj rad u uvodu ima istaknute ciljeve, sadržaj i metodologiju istraživanja. Definirani su problem i predmet istraživanja. U drugom poglavlju koje zauzima najveći dio rada definiran je nastanak prve kriptovalute i objašnjena je blockchain tehnologija. Ta tehnologija ključ je za rad kriptovaluta i preko nje se događaju ključni procesi koji kriptovalute čine onim što one jesu. U ovom je poglavlju također objašnjen proces rudarenja koji pomoću rudara potpuno zamjenjuje potrebu bilo kakve treće strane kod procesa slanja i primanja kriptovaluta. Prikazani su brojni drugi sektori u kojima se blockchain tehnologija danas također primjenjuje. Ovo poglavlje pobliže prikazuje najveću svjetsku kriptovalutu bitcoin te navodi kako je nastao, koje mogućnosti pruža, gdje se danas nalazi u očima velikih i malih ulagača i kakva su očekivanja daljnjeg kretanja cijene i njegovog prihvaćanja. Nadalje se prikazuju sve ostale kriptovalute, odnosno altcoini. Navodi se koje su sve mogućnosti danas dostupne i kako se kripto tržište naglo razvilo u posljednje dvije godine, zbog decentraliziranog financiranja, NFT-ova, stablecoina, metaversa, web3-a i brojnih drugih mogućnosti koje to mlado tržište nudi. Treće poglavlje otkriva ulogu kriptovaluta u suvremenom poslovanju, pobliže prikazuje pravni i ekonomski aspekt kriptovaluta, kao i zabludu da su kriptovalute namijenjene za ilegalne radnje. U četvrtom poglavlju prikazana je metodologija rada i provedeno je istraživanje 61 ispitanika preko online upitnika. Od tri postavljene hipoteze prve dvije su odbačene, a treća je prihvaćena. Na temelju cjelokupnog rada otkrilo se čemu sve kriptovalute služe i kako se mogu podijeliti, došlo se do temeljnih zaključaka o kriptovalutama i globalnom mišljenju te do brojnih istraživačkih zaključaka i preporuka za buduća istraživanja.
Rickard Elsen, Muhammad Rikza Nashrulloh, Ade Sutedi
Since the widespread use of cryptocurrency, blockchain technology start to be adapted in various applications. Some businesses are already adopting blockchain technology because of its advantages such as data integrity and privacy. One of them is Web 3.0. Web 3.0 puts forward data decentralization so that users can choose what data will be sent to the server. User data is provided locally with the help of a crypto wallet and the server just receives wallet info. With this mechanism, user privacy can be maintained directly by the user himself. All data will be processed at the users' end first before being sent to the server. With the new mechanism of web 3.0 and the advantages of blockchain, we build an application to authenticate students' login activities and grant roles to them based on their wallets. In this paper, we use the prototyping model as the method to build the application. We managed to utilize students’ wallet addresses as credentials. And with the help of Web3 module, we managed to decentralize the authentication process. And as a result of the successful authentication process, students can access their data based on their roles.
Many people donate money to fund organizations, but very rarely do those donors have information about where those donations go. Donation platforms are both non-transparent and also leave a large portion of potential donors unnoticed: gamers [1]. This paper explores the concept of utilizing blockchain technology and its existence as a web3 token-based platform in order to provide transparency for donation routes, showing donors and other companies exactly where donations are coming from and where that money is going. Our application utilizes HTTP requests in order to greatly increase compatibility, and also uses multiple private key encryptions in order to ensure that any user data or information and monetary transactions are kept secure and private [2].
У статті досліджені переваги та перспективи застосування технології блокчейн у сучасних економічних і організаційних процесах, розглянуто ризики та проблеми, зокрема, в контексті питання довіри у централізованих і децентралізованих системах, організації і адміністрації децентралізованих систем. Оглядаються технічні особливості і можливості сучасних блокчейн систем. Досліджується сутність, контекст і передумови появи децентралізованих автономних організацій як явища, описуються технічні особливості й можливості децентралізованих систем. Розглянуто концепцію мережі Web3, роль технології блокчейн і децентралізованих автономних організацій у нинішньому і майбутньому розвитку мережі інтернет. Розглянута проблематика сучасної архітектури інтернет платформ, вплив великих корпорацій на галузь інформаційних технологій, розвиток технологій, а також питання приватності і використання даних користувачів у комерційних цілях. Проаналізована проблематика децентралізованих автономних організацій, ризиків економічного, технічного та юридичного характеру, пов’язаних з корупцією, розробкою і проектуванням децентралізованих систем, технічними особливостями децентралізованих систем і інформаційних технологій, юридичними і регуляторними практиками. Досліджена сутність і технічні засади децентралізованих автономних організацій, а також перспективи технології й можливі сфери застосування, протиставлено і проаналізовано ключові відмінності між централізованими і децентралізованими організаціями. Проаналізовано основні погляди на використання блокчейн технологій у діяльності цифрової економіки, досліджено актуальний стан та можливості у використанні інструментів. Оцінено можливості та роль децентралізованих систем з огляду на нові способи організації та динамічний розвиток інтернет-середовища, спрогнозовано можливі напрями розвитку у контексті взаємодії користувачів в мережі.
Over time, distribution systems have begun to include increased distributed energy resources (DERs) due to the advancement of auxiliary power electronics, information and communication technologies (ICT), and cost reductions. Electric vehicles (EVs) will undoubtedly join the energy community alongside DERs, and energy transfers from vehicles to grids and vice versa will become more extensive in the future. Virtual power plants (VPPs) will also play a key role in integrating these systems and participating in wholesale markets. Energy trading on a peer-to-peer (P2P) basis is a promising business model for transactive energy that aids in balancing local supply and demand. Moreover, a market scheme between VPPs can help DER owners make more profit while reducing renewable energy waste. For this purpose, an inter-VPP P2P trading scheme is proposed. The scheme utilizes cutting-edge technologies of the Avalanche blockchain platform, developed from scratch with decentralized finance (DeFi), decentralized applications (DApps), and Web3 workflows in mind. Avalanche is more scalable and has faster transaction finality than its layer-1 predecessors. It provides interoperability abilities among other common blockchain networks, facilitating inter-VPP P2P trading between different blockchain-based VPPs. The merits of DeFi contribute significantly to the workflow in this type of energy trading scenario, as the price mechanism can be determined using open market-like instruments. A detailed case study was used to examine the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and flow, and important conclusions were drawn.
<ns4:p>Scientists write research articles, process ethics reviews, evaluate proposals and research, and seek funding. Several strategies have been proposed to optimize these operations and to decentralize access to research resources and opportunities. For instance, we previously proposed the trinity review method, combining registered reports with financing and research ethics assessments. However, previously proposed systems have a number of shortcomings, including how to implement them, e.g., who manages them, how incentives for reviewers are paid, etc. Various solutions have been proposed to address these issues, employing methods based on blockchain technologies, called “decentralized science (DeSci)”. Decentralized approaches that exploit these developments offer potentially profound improvements to the troubled scientific ecosystem. Here, we propose a system that integrates ethics reviews, peer reviews, and funding in a decentralized manner, based on Web3 technology. This new method, named ABCDEF publishing, would enhance the speed, fairness, and transparency of scientific research and publishing.</ns4:p>
Web3 is leading a wave of the next generation of web services that even many Web2 applications are keen to ride. However, the lack of Web3 background for Web2 developers hinders easy and effective access and transition. On the other hand, Web3 applications desire for encouragement and advertisement from conventional Web2 companies and projects due to their low market shares. In this paper, we propose a seamless transition framework that transits Web2 to Web3, named WebttCom, after exploring the connotation of Web3 and the key differences between Web2 and Web3 applications. We also provide a full-stack implementation as a use case to support the proposed framework, followed by interviews with five participants that show four positive and one natural response. We confirm that the proposed framework WebttCom addresses the defined research question, and the implementation well satisfies the framework WebttCom in terms of strong necessity, usability, and completeness based on the interview results.
Sustainable, immutable, and affordable data storage to leading universities, research institutions, enterprises, and Web3 organizations. The next generation of platforms will be built on the decentralized web. Unlocking the benefits of the next economy: True ownership, security, and verifiability of data.
The advent of Web3 technology and the rise of decentralized finance (DeFi) have sparked a paradigm shift in the financial ecosystem. This paper delves into the transformative potential of DeFi protocols, exploring their structure, functionality, and impact on traditional financial systems. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical studies, we uncover the advantages and challenges associated with the adoption of DeFi. Our analysis highlights how DeFi platforms, including lending protocols, decentralized exchanges, stablecoins, and yield farming mechanisms, offer enhanced efficiency, reduced costs, and greater accessibility. However, we also underscore the critical issues surrounding security vulnerabilities, regulatory compliance, and market stability that must be addressed to ensure sustainable growth. By proposing critical research questions and suggesting future research directions, this paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on the role of DeFi in reshaping global finance and its potential to create a more inclusive, efficient, and transparent financial ecosystem.
Towards a Decentralized Literature. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the History of Contemporary Romanian Literature by Mihai Iovănel opens new paths both in interpreting literature and towards understanding Romanian cultural identity at large. In this sense, “transnational specificity,” as Iovănel calls it, becomes a most resourceful field that allows, as Vancea shows, important insights into national and global identity in the context of significant technological developments. In the same vein, Vancea draws from Daniel David’s work on the psychology of the Romanian people to highlight new cultural aspects that could lead to changes in literature. At the same time, the paper tries to bring humanities closer to the perspectives that the Web3 phenomenon announce. Article history: Received 22 May 2022; Revised 25 August 2022; Accepted 31 August 2022; Available online 20 September 2022; Available print 30 September 2022 REZUMAT. Către o literatură descentralizată. Scopul acestei lucrări este de a evidenția modul în care Istoria Literaturii Române Contemporane scrisă de Mihai Iovănel deschide noi căi de interpretare a literaturii, dar și a identității culturale. Specificul transnațional devine în acest sens un teren ofertant care permite deschiderea unei discuții mai largi cu privire la identitatea noastră națională și globală în contextul profundei dezvoltări tehnologice. În acest sens, voi completa exemplele menționate de criticul literar cu studiul lui Daniel David despre psihologia poporului român pentru a evidenția noi puncte vulnerabile care ar putea să determine schimbări în viitorul apropiat al literaturii. Totodată, lucrarea încearcă să apropie umanioarele de perspectivele pe care le aduce în viitor fenomenul Web3. Cuvinte-cheie: identitate culturală, literatura descentralizată, Web3, istorie literară, NFT