Follow blockchain research across journals, conferences, and preprint repositories.
5,834 results · page 54 of 244
Romina Gabbiadini, Lorenzo Gobbi, Eugenio Rubera
No abstract is available for this record.
Bijun Peng
The rapid development of blockchain technology has propelled the tokenization of real world assets (RWA) in a new direction in the financial industry. This paper delves into market changes, technology applications, actual cases, and regulatory policies to provide a comprehensive overview of the current development, application fields, and future prospects of RWA. The research found that RWA has already made significant attempts to implement securities, intellectual property rights, artworks, agriculture, and other fields, demonstrating broad market prospects, but there are still problems such as unclear legal frameworks and high technical thresholds to be resolved. In the future, RWA needs to focus on technological innovation, expand the market, improve supervision, strengthen cross-industry collaboration, and build a robust decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem. This not only provides decision-making references for relevant parties but also helps promote the development of RWA in the global financial system and the integration of traditional assets and digital assets.
Adaobi Ndukaji
No abstract is available for this record.
Omar Farouk Al Mashhour, Ahmad Shamsul Abd Aziz, Nor Azlina Mohd Noor
Smart contracts have shed light on a new era of contract law, which necessitates a proper legal response to address their unique characteristics, including automation, self-enforcement, coded, immutability, and irreversibility. While these features offer significant legal and practical benefits, they raised critical legal questions. The study aims to identify the legal challenges resulting from the implementation of smart contracts through an in-depth examination of various key aspects. To achieve the intended objective, the study adopted qualitative research utilising the library method and analysing data descriptively and analytically. The study revealed that applying the current conventional contract laws is inadequate and would create a bundle of unprecedented legal questions related to all the life cycle of the contracts, such as legal existence, formation and enforcement, jurisdictional issue, mechanism, unlawful activities, as well as the third parties. The study recommended establishing a specialised framework to address various issues, including the establishment of a regulatory and supervisory body, legislative clarification on various aspects of smart contracts’ such as exchange of will, place, and time, coding language and coding errors, essential functions, jurisdiction and enforcement, ADR, external partners such as Oracle and coding experts, in addition to other matters pertaining to validity and admissibility. Future studies may focus on using these questions as a way to measure the viability of their law to address the emergence of smart contracts.
Reyes Palá Laguna
Technology based on distributed ledger systems (DLT), one of the best-known examples of which is blockchain, has clear applications in the functioning of capital companies, not only internally in the organisation and operation of the company itself ( ad intra ), but also ad extra , as soon as potential investors can use the technology to finance the company’s activity in the market.
Samukeliso Mabarani, Mohammad Saidur Rahman, Iqbal Gondal, H. M. N. Dilum Bandara
No abstract is available for this record.
Massimo Doria, Fabio Bassan, Maddalena Rabitti, Antonella Sciarrone Alibrandi · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Bo Yang, Wei Tu, Fangzhou Lu, Shu‐Le Li
No abstract is available for this record.
Kiran Kumar Mandula Samuel
The fusion of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the fintech sector, opening up a new era marked by improved security, efficiency, and innovation. Blockchain’s decentralized ledger guarantees transparent and unalterable transactions, helping to minimize fraud and build user trust. At the same time, AI offers sophisticated data analysis, machine learning, and automation that enhance decision-making, tailor financial services, and provide predictive capabilities. Combined, these technologies tackle major fintech challenges like cybersecurity risks, regulatory adherence, and the complexity of transaction management. For instance, AI can scrutinize blockchain data to identify fraud in real time, while blockchain ensures a secure framework for AI applications with reliable data. Furthermore, blockchain-powered smart contracts automate and enforce agreements, cutting down the reliance on intermediaries, and AI further streamlines these operations for greater speed and precision. This integration also promotes financial inclusion by offering safe, affordable financial services to underserved populations globally. As both technologies evolve, they are poised to redefine traditional financial systems, encourage the development of innovations like decentralized finance (DeFi), and change how financial organizations function. In essence, the collaboration between blockchain and AI is ushering fintech into a new age of transparency, intelligence, and accessibility.
Ashutosh Parhi
No abstract is available for this record.
Rana Hassam Ahmed, Jabeen Sultana, Samraiz Zahid, Muhammad Asif Habib · 6 authors
The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) with blockchain technology is transforming information systems by enhancing their efficiency, security, and decision-making capabilities. This research explores the integration of AI and LLMs, such as GPT and BERT, into blockchain-based information systems to address challenges related to data integrity, transaction processing, and smart contract automation. A layered architecture is proposed, comprising an AI-powered query engine, an LLM-enhanced decision-making layer, and a data synchronisation module bridging on-chain and off-chain environments. The system evaluation highlights significant improvements in transaction efficiency, query accuracy, energy savings, and security threat detection rates. Experimental results demonstrate a 32% reduction in transaction latency, a 20.5% increase in fraud detection accuracy, and a 23% reduction in energy consumption. These findings underscore the viability of integrating AI and LLMs with blockchain technology for developing intelligent, secure, and scalable information systems.
Hong-Li Peng, Wenkai Li, Xiaoqi Li
ABSTRACT Smart contracts are the cornerstone of decentralized applications and financial protocols, extending digital currency transactions but also introducing serious security challenges that cause substantial economic losses. Existing solutions primarily target code‐level vulnerabilities, which constitute only a portion of all security incidents. Though prior research conducts static analysis across contract lifecycles, they lack the characteristic analysis of vulnerabilities in each stage and the distinction between the vulnerabilities. This paper presents the first empirical study on the security of smart contracts throughout their lifecycle, including deployment and execution, upgrade, and destruction stages. We propose two feature categories: transaction features (contract lifespan and four dynamic features: transaction numbers, transaction amounts, neighbour numbers, and the number of old and new neighbours) and ego network properties (temporal network density and local clustering coefficient). These seven features capture behavioural patterns across dimensions, including activity duration, transaction frequency, financial liquidity, interaction breadth, dynamic interaction changes, and structural properties of the transaction network. Finally, five machine learning models—logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine, decision tree, and K‐nearest neighbours—are used to identify vulnerabilities at different stages. Results show that vulnerable contracts exhibit distinct transaction features and ego network properties at different lifecycle stages.
Barbara Będowska-Sójka, Agata Kliber
No abstract is available for this record.
Srinivas Jangirala, Ambika Kurnia M, Aruna S, Gunjan Chhabra · 6 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Mark C. Ballandies, Guangyao Li, Claudio J. Tessone
Abstract This paper investigates whether Bitcoin can be regarded as a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), what insights it may offer for the broader DAO ecosystem, and how Bitcoin governance can be improved. First, a quantitative literature analysis reveals that Bitcoin is increasingly overlooked in DAO research, even though early works often classified it as a DAO. Next, the paper applies a DAO viability framework, centering on collective intelligence, digital democracy, and adaptation, to examine Bitcoin’s organizational and governance mechanisms. Findings suggest that Bitcoin instantiates key DAO principles by enabling open participation and employing decentralized decision-making through Bitcoin Improvement Proposals (BIPs), miner signaling, and user-activated soft forks. However, this governance carries potential risks, including reduced clarity on who truly “votes” due to the concentration of economic power among large stakeholders. The paper concludes by highlighting opportunities to refine Bitcoin’s deliberation process and reflecting on broader implications for DAO design, such as the absence of a legal entity. In doing so, it underscores Bitcoin’s continued relevance as an archetype for decentralized governance, offering important findings for future DAO implementations.
Pushpa Bandari, S K Shabana Begum, Thota Nikhitha, Shaik Jareena · 5 authors
The integration of blockchain technology into green finance has emerged as a transformative approach to fostering sustainable investments, particularly in developing economies like India. This study explores how blockchain enhances transparency, accountability, and efficiency in green finance mechanisms, thereby promoting environmental sustainability. By leveraging features such as decentralization, smart contracts, and immutable records, blockchain can address challenges like fraud, inefficiency, and lack of trust in green financial transactions. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, utilizing surveys and statistical analysis to assess blockchain’s impact on green investment tracking and regulatory compliance. Findings indicate that blockchain significantly improves transparency (β = 0.42, p < 0.01) and automation (β = 0.35, p < 0.01), positively influencing green finance adoption. However, regulatory uncertainty and high implementation costs remain key barriers. The study suggests policy reforms, financial incentives, and capacity-building initiatives to enhance blockchain adoption in India's green finance sector. With strategic interventions, blockchain can serve as a catalyst for accelerating the transition toward a more sustainable and transparent financial ecosystem.
Petar Zhivkov
No abstract is available for this record.
Ankit Agrawal, Ashutosh Bhatia, Kamlesh Tiwari
In Blockchain-based Mobile CrowdSensing (BMCS) systems, publishers (data collectors) can exploit the ability to create multiple blockchain identities, enabling Sybil attacks. Selfish, malicious, and collusive Sybil behaviors undermine both reward and majority-based data validation mechanisms, discouraging honest participation and threatening system integrity. Existing solutions often fail to address these issues, particularly in environments dominated by selfish or malicious publishers. This paper proposes a novel two-phase publisher selection mechanism to mitigate Sybil attacks in BMCS systems. Phase-I employs a modified Proof-of-Stake (PoS) mechanism with carefully calibrated parameters, including staked amount, coinage, reputation, and randomness. The strategic combination of staked amount and coinage increases the difficulty of Sybil attacks as the system scales over time. Phase-II introduces a lightweight, reputation-based Proof-of-Work (PoW) mechanism tailored for Mobile CrowdSensing (MCS) environments, where puzzle difficulty adjusts dynamically based on the publisher's reputation. Reputation and penalization mechanisms are central to the proposed mechanism, ensuring robust prevention of task domination, selfish behavior, and malicious activities while fostering honest participation. Comprehensive on-chain and off-chain simulations demonstrate the proposed mechanism's effectiveness in mitigating Sybil attacks, reducing their impact, and promoting fair participation.
Benjamin Batte
No abstract is available for this record.
Eashwar Sivakumar, Kiran Jot Singh, Paras Chawla, G. Geetha
The complex nature of smart contracts necessities the development of a novel adaptable framework. As blockchain technology continues to expand into diverse fields, the demand for secure, efficient, and transparent systems becomes increasingly critical. RBEDH is the integration of Role Based Access Control (RBAC), Event Driven Architecture (EDA) and Hybrid Functionalities. The framework is applied to the scholarly publishing sector, where academic integrity, transparency, and reliability are crucial for ensuring the credibility and trustworthiness of published research. The smart contracts are executed between authors, reviewers and publishers. Functionality test was conducted using Ganache, Ropsten, and Ethereum Mainnet. These evaluations confirmed the consistency and effectiveness of contract deployment. Vulnerabilities such as re-entrancy, integer overflow/underflow, unauthorized access were tested using Securify, Mythril, Smartcheck and Oynete. It is found that the system is secure and it not susceptible to any of the above vulnerability. Further timestamp dependency was tested through Manticore, Slither and Echidna and the test results indicate the absence of vulnerability. Scalability and performance analysis results proves that the proposed framework is better on the basis of average energy consumption, latency and memory requirement when compared with the existing literature.
Liang Guo
Blockchain technology can generate decentralized consensus , thereby enhancing the verifiability and contractability of payoff-relevant states in a distribution channel or supply chain (e.g., seller cost and/or buyer value). Therefore, smart contracts can be written between supply chain partners such that transactions are automatically executed at state-dependent prices. The author examines the economic impacts of blockchain-enabled smart contracts on the equilibrium generation and allocation of surplus in a three-level supply chain. The model highlights the role of smart contracts in removing ex post asymmetric decision rights, which are otherwise inherently present under regular contracts where trade decisions are made based on constant transfer prices. As a result, the seller (under cost uncertainty) or the buyer (under value uncertainty) may hurt itself by signing a smart contract with the middleman, despite the improvement in the supply chain's total efficiency and surplus. Therefore, the equilibrium choice of a smart contract can be socially insufficient. Moreover, interestingly, a prisoner's dilemma may arise: The seller's and the buyer's dominant choice is the regular contract, whereas everyone would be better off if the smart contract is jointly adopted by all parties.
R. T. Tewari, Bhagwati Prasad Pande
ABSTRACT Can virtual ownership redefine our digital economy? As online communities expand, a new digital economy is emerging, driven by Non‐Fungible Tokens (NFTs). NFTs are unique digital assets that represent ownership of virtual items such as artwork, collectibles and gaming assets. However, the rapidly evolving NFT landscape presents several challenges. The present study investigates the transformative impact of NFTs on digital ownership and market dynamics while addressing the challenges and opportunities within virtual economies. The utilisation of NFTs is explored, focusing on aspects such as ownership, valuation, and market behaviour. A comprehensive literature review and analysis of marketplace data from Cryptoslam's API are conducted to uncover key trends and dynamics. Findings reveal that the NFT market is highly speculative; with value concentrated in a small number of high‐priced NFTs. Aesthetic and emotional appeal significantly influence these valuations, often driven by hype rather than intrinsic value. Despite these challenges, NFTs foster immersive experiences and personalised identities, revolutionising digital ownership and commerce. This study underscores the need for innovation, interoperability, and robust governance to ensure the sustainable growth of the NFT ecosystem. By addressing market manipulation and regulatory concerns, NFTs can continue to shape a thriving digital economy.
Oghogho Osemwegie
The rapid growth of digital media distribution has brought challenges related to copyright protection, fair monetization, and content ownership rights. Traditional media distribution systems rely on centralized platforms, which often result in revenue disparities, piracy issues, and lack of transparency in royalty payments. Blockchain technology offers a decentralized alternative that enhances security, transparency, and fairness in media distribution by enabling immutable digital ledgers, smart contracts, and tokenized assets. This paper explores the role of blockchain in decentralized media distribution, focusing on its ability to provide copyright protection through cryptographic hashing and time stamping, ensuring content authenticity and ownership verification. Additionally, the study examines how blockchain-based monetization models, including micropayments and tokenization, empower content creators by enabling direct peer-to-peer transactions without intermediaries. Smart contracts further automate royalty distributions, reducing disputes and ensuring fair compensation for creators. The research also discusses challenges such as scalability limitations, regulatory uncertainties, and adoption barriers in implementing blockchain-based media distribution. A comparative analysis between centralized and decentralized media ecosystems highlights the potential benefits of blockchain in fostering a more equitable and transparent digital content economy. The paper concludes by addressing emerging trends in blockchain-integrated media solutions, including non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), and their impact on the future of content ownership and distribution.
Primavera De Filippi, Morshed Mannan
Abstract In this chapter, we develop the concept of ‘regulatory equivalence’. As opposed to functional equivalence, used to extend the scope of existing legal frameworks to new technological arrangements, regulatory equivalence refers to the use of technological guarantees to serve the same purpose as traditional legal formalities. This approach goes beyond the use of technology to execute certain legal formalities, but involves analysis of the equivalence between the values undergirding legal rules and the affordances of technological artifacts. This chapter draws on the distinct properties of blockchain-based systems, such as notarization systems, Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)s, and privacy pools, to demonstrate the opportunities and challenges they present to establishing regulatory equivalence. Public actors, however, are hesitant to recognize regulatory equivalence, due to competing perceptions of legitimate governance between participants within these systems and external actors such as regulators. We explore this tension before concluding that this challenge can be overcome through co-regulatory engagement between public authorities and actors within blockchain-based systems, and public authorities more explicitly stating the values they seek to promote within blockchain-based systems.