The digital economy has grown rapidly with the emergence of blockchain technology, which serves as the foundation for digital assets such as Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). NFTs enable unique digital ownership of artworks, music, and other digital assets. However, regulations governing NFTs in Indonesia remain limited, posing legal challenges, particularly in multi-party transactions and ownership protection. This study aims to analyze the regulations governing NFT ownership in Indonesia, identify legal challenges arising in multi-party transactions, and evaluate dispute resolution mechanisms in NFT transactions. Using a normative approach and descriptive analysis method, this research finds that existing regulations do not specifically accommodate the unique characteristics of NFTs, leading to legal uncertainty in ownership and copyright protection. Therefore, more comprehensive and specific regulations are needed to create legal certainty and support the development of the NFT industry in Indonesia.
Gilvina Grace B.A., Surahman Surahman, Muhammad Nurcholis Alhadi, Elviandri Elviandri
Cryptocurrency has emerged as a global innovation since the launch of Bitcoin in 2009, underpinned by blockchain technology that offers enhanced efficiency and transparency. Despite its potential, cryptocurrency presents complex legal challenges, particularly concerning its regulatory status. In Indonesia, cryptocurrency faces a dual regulatory framework: it is prohibited as a means of payment by Bank Indonesia pursuant to Law No. 7 of 2011 on Currency, yet simultaneously recognized as a tradable investment commodity by the Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency (Bappebti). This study aims to analyze the implications of this duality for Indonesia’s national regulatory system. Using normative legal research and a statutory approach, the study reveals significant legal uncertainty arising from institutional regulatory inconsistencies. Such uncertainty may impede innovation and compromise consumer protection. Therefore, regulatory harmonization is essential to ensure legal certainty and adaptability, drawing on the theories of legal certainty and progressive law.
This study examines the validity and application of smart contracts within the Indonesian civil law framework. Smart contracts are block chain-based agreements that are implemented autonomously, eliminating the necessity for intermediaries. Although it provides efficiency and openness, its integration into the Indonesian legal system continues to encounter obstacles, particularly concerning regulations and dispute resolution methods. The legitimacy of an agreement in civil law is governed by Article 1320 of the Civil Code, which stipulates the necessity of mutual consent, legal ability, definite objects, and justifiable grounds. Nonetheless, there exists no regulation that explicitly governs smart contracts, necessitating additional examination of their legal standing.This study employs a normative legal methodology utilizing both conceptual and legislative approaches. The utilized data sources comprise primary legal materials, including the Civil Code and the Indonesian ITE Law, alongside secondary legal materials from books, scholarly publications, and prior study. The investigation aimed to ascertain the validity and legal binding nature of smart contracts inside the Indonesian civil system.The study's findings indicate that while smart contracts theoretically satisfy the components of an agreement as outlined in the Civil Code, issues persist regarding regulation and dispute resolution. Consequently, it is essential to formulate specific legislation or amendments to the ITE Law and Civil Code to facilitate smart contracts. Furthermore, the function of notaries and legal entities in authenticating smart contracts need elucidation to prevent legal ambiguity. In conflict resolution, hybrid methods like block chain-based arbitration may serve as an alternate solution. Consequently, the adoption of smart contracts in Indonesia need enhanced legal certainty to facilitate widespread utilization and ensure protection for the involved parties.
Cryptocurrency in Indonesia has begun to develop and is starting to be widely used by businessmen in Indonesia. This is a phenomenon given the need for accounting treatment for cryptocurrency transactions. This research seeks to explore and test cryptocurrency and blockchain technology with the approach and review of PSAK in Indonesia and focuses on accounting treatment for cryptocurrencies in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to conduct an accounting study for cryptocurrencies based on PSAK that applies in Indonesia. The study used a review literature model to figure out accounting for cryptocurrencies.
Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin berkembang banyak mengubah sistem yang telah ada diberbagai bidang, salah satu contoh perubahan yaitu sistem voting atau pemungutan suara. Di negara demokratisseperti indonesia sistem pemungutan suara sangat penting karena menjadi sarana masyarakat untuk menyuarakanhak-hak seperti contoh untuk memilih presiden atau wakil-wakil rakyat negara. Disamping itu sebagianpemungutan suara atau voting dilakukan dengan cara konvensional yaitu menggunakan kertas untuk menentukanpilihan sampai perhitungan hasil akhir suara, hal itu dapat menghabiskan biaya yang sangat banyak dan prosesperhitungan yang sangat lama dalam pelaksanaanya. Oleh karena itu, untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebutdirancanglah sistem e-Voting yang memanfaatkan teknologi smart contract dan blockchain. Dengan perjanjiandigital (smart contract) yang dibuat dengan bahasa pemrograman solidity, perjanjian tersebut tidak bisa diubahalurnya (paten) jika sudah diterapkan di blockchain. Setiap transaksi atau data suara pemilihan masuk maka akandilakukan hashing dengan menggunakan algoritma sha-256 (dimana sampai saat ini hash dengan sha-256 belumada yang mampu memecahkannya) dan kemudian akan membentuk suatu rantai block yang saling terhubung(peer-to-peer) di jaringan blockchain tersebut. Sehingga dengan memanfaatkan teknologi ini, data pemungutansuara yang telah dilakukan tidak dapat diubah, digandakan atau bahkan dihapus.
Ahmad Jurnaidi Wahidin, Rayhan Maulana Sugiharto Putra
Penelitian ini mengkaji potensi investasi dalam cryptocurrency dengan menerapkan metode Net Present Value (NPV) sebagai sistem pendukung keputusan untuk menilai dan membandingkan tiga cryptocurrency yaitu Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), dan Binance Coin (BNB). Cryptocurrency telah muncul sebagai instrumen investasi yang menarik perhatian besar dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, terutama di kalangan milenial, karena dianggap sebagai mata uang masa depan. Dalam penelitian ini, kinerja ketiga cryptocurrency dianalisis berdasarkan tiga kriteria utama: Tingkat Pertumbuhan Tahunan (Annual Growth Rate), Volume Perdagangan (Trading Volume), dan Ketersediaan di Platform Pertukaran Terkemuka (Availability on Major Exchange Platforms). Data dikumpulkan dari berbagai sumber tepercaya seperti bursa cryptocurrency dan laporan keuangan. Perhitungan NPV dilakukan untuk mengukur nilai sekarang dari arus kas masa depan yang diharapkan dari masing-masing cryptocurrency. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Binance Coin (BNB) memiliki nilai NPV tertinggi sebesar $29.416,91, diikuti oleh Ethereum (ETH) dengan NPV sebesar $26.085,74, dan Bitcoin (BTC) dengan NPV sebesar $22.948,93. Ini menunjukkan bahwa BNB menawarkan nilai investasi terbaik di antara ketiga cryptocurrency yang dianalisis, berdasarkan kriteria yang ditetapkan. Penelitian ini menjadi sistem pendukung bagi investor untuk membuat keputusan investasi yang lebih informasional dan beralasan dalam pasar cryptocurrency yang fluktuatif.
AbstractNon-Fungible Token (NFT) represents a symbol of the future in a market that increasingly adapts to modern times. NFT provides a profitable platform for digital art aiming to monetize their works more effectively and efficiently. However, NFTs are sometimes misused by others to profit from an artist’s work without their permission. The purpose of this study is to analyze the regulation of NFTs in Indonesia. This research uses a normative juridical method. The results show that Indonesia does not yet have specific regulations regarding NFTs. However, there are several existing regulations that can serve as a legal framework for the existence of NFTs. As an asset, commercial transaction of NFTs based on APPEBTI Regulation Number 8 of 2021 concerning Guidelines for Organizing Physical Crypto Asset Trading on the Futures Exchange, considering that NFTs are crypto assets stored on Blockchain networks and represent digital works. As intangible movable goods, NFTs based on the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (ITE Law) and Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019 concerning Transactions Through Electronic Systems. As digital art, legal protection can refer to the Copyright Law. Challenges in the implementation of NFT trading include the potential for piracy, where someone's work is turned into an NFT without permission through a process called minting. To address these challenges, specific regulations on NFTs are needed. Another possible solution is the development of policies by NFT marketplaces to prevent further losses by blocking NFTs that are proven to originate from misused works.AbstrakNon-Fungible Token (NFT) ialah simbol di masa yang akan datang terkait pasar yang semakin mengikuti zaman. NFT menyediakan sarana profitable digital art yang bertujuan untuk memonetisasi karya mereka dengan cara yang lebih efektif dan efisien. Namun terkadang NFT digunakan oleh orang lain untuk mendapatkan keuntungan dari sebuah karya seniman tanpa memiliki izin dari seniman itu. Tujuan daripada penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaturan NFT di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa di Indonesia belum terdapat aturan khusus terkait NFT. Akan tetapi terdapat beberapa aturan yang dapat digunakan sebagai payung hukum keberadaan NFT. Sebagai aset, transaksi perdagangan NFT berada dalam payung hukum Peraturan BAPPEBTI Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Perdagangan Pasar Fisik Aset Kripto di Bursa Berjangka, dengan pertimbangan bahwa NFT merupakan aset kripto yang tersimpan di jaringan Blockchain dan karya digital. NFT sebagai Benda bergerak tidak berwujud berada dalam payung hukum UU ITE dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Transaksi Melalui Sistem Elektronik. Sebagai karya digital perlindungan hukum dapat merujuk pada UU Hak Cipta. Tantangan dalam pelaksanaan transaksi perdagangan NFT yaitu dimungkinkannya. Tantangan dalam implementasi NFT yaitu terdapat potensi pembajakan terhadap suatu karya seseorang menjadi obyek NFT melalui minting. Untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut perlu pengaturan yang khusus NFT. Solusi lainnya yang dapat dilakukan misalnya dibuatnya kebijakan dari Pasar NFT untuk mencegah kerugian lebih lanjut dengan memblokir NFT yang terbukti berasal dari karya yang disalahgunakan.
Nelly Nur Rohmah, Nu’matun Najibah, Amelia Rohmawati, Pungky Lela Saputri
The development of information and communication technology has driven significant innovation in the financial sector through Financial Technology (Fintech). This article explores the role of Fintech in shaping the global market for digital currencies and its impact on economic stability. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and literature review, this study finds that Fintech, through technologies such as blockchain, peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, and Decentralized Finance (DeFi), facilitates efficient cross-border transactions, enhances financial inclusion, and creates a more interconnected global financial ecosystem. Additionally, digital currencies such as cryptocurrencies and Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) offer potential benefits in transaction efficiency, transparency, and reduced global transaction costs. However, the adoption of digital currencies also presents challenges, including high value volatility, risks to monetary policy, and opportunities for illegal activities such as money laundering. This article recommends the importance of comprehensive global regulatory policies to mitigate risks, control the circulation of digital currencies, and ensure economic stability in the digital era. Thus, Fintech and digital currencies can be optimized as catalysts for supporting inclusive and sustainable global economic growth.
This study examines the legal certainty of using cryptocurrency as an investment instrument in companies in Indonesia. Although cryptocurrency is not recognized as a legal means of payment, it has been acknowledged as a tradable commodity in futures exchanges. This research utilizes a normative legal approach to analyze existing regulations, challenges encountered, and legal protections available for investors. The findings indicate that despite significant profit potential, investors still face high risks due to price volatility, insufficient legal protections, and cybersecurity threats. It is crucial for the government to formulate more comprehensive and supportive regulations to protect investors and prevent misuse and illegal practices. Additionally, an extensive educational program is needed to enhance public understanding of the risks and benefits of investing in cryptocurrency. With adequate regulation and improved public awareness, cryptocurrency is expected to contribute positively to Indonesia’s digital economic growth. This study aims to contribute to the development of policies and regulations related to cryptocurrency in Indonesia and to encourage greater public participation in this investment ecosystem.
Putri Purbasari Raharningtyas Marditia, April Yanto
This research aims to analyze the regulatory model for implementing smart contracts in commercial contracts in Indonesia and conduct comparative studies with other countries such as Singapore, England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Italy.Smart contracts and electronic instructions executed automatically in a blockchain network provide security, efficiency, and transparency advantages.This research uses a normative juridical approach with comparative legal methods.Data was collected through literature study and analysis of related legal documents.This research found that in Indonesia, regulations related to smart contracts are still in the development stage, and no specific regulations regulate their implementation in detail.However, the use of blockchain technology underlying smart contracts has begun to be recognized by the relevant authorities.The research results show that regulations in the countries compared are more advanced in accommodating the use of smart contracts.Singapore, for example, has developed various guidelines and policies supporting this technology's application in multiple sectors.The UK has also recognized the legal validity of smart contracts through reports and guidance issued by the Law Commission.In the Netherlands, traditional contract law principles are applied to smart contracts with some adjustments.Switzerland, known as the "Crypto Valley" of Zug, has adopted regulations that support blockchain technology innovation.Italy has also passed legislation providing smart contracts' legal definition and status.This research concludes that Indonesia needs to develop more comprehensive and specific regulations regarding innovative agreements to accommodate the development of this technology and provide legal certainty for parties involved in digital transactions following applicable legal principles.
The rapid advancement of technology in the digital era presents new challenges for Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection, especially within the fast-evolving technology industry. Indonesia has enacted various regulations to safeguard IPR, such as the Copyright, Patent, and Trademark Laws. However, implementation within the technology sector faces significant challenges. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for IPR in the technology industry, identify existing challenges, and provide recommendations to strengthen IPR protection in Indonesia. The research employs normative legal methods with a juridical normative approach, where data is collected through a literature review of legislation, related documents, and scholarly literature. The findings reveal that while IPR regulations are in place, law enforcement remains weak due to limited infrastructure, low public awareness, and the complexity of new technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), which are not yet accommodated by current regulations. Recommendations include strengthening regulations relevant to technological advancements, increasing public awareness of IPR importance, and leveraging digital technology to monitor IPR infringements. Effective IPR protection is expected to foster a conducive environment for innovation within Indonesia's technology industry.
This study aims to analyze Islamic scholars' views on the halal or haram status of cryptocurrency in financial transactions according to Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh muamalah). Using a qualitative approach and comparative analysis method, this research explores the opinions of scholars and Islamic financial institutions regarding the use of cryptocurrency as a transactional tool. The results indicate two main groups of views: one group supports the use of cryptocurrency with specific conditions that align with Sharia, while the other group rejects it due to the presence of gharar (uncertainty) and maisir (speculation) in its use. This study provides a deeper understanding of the similarities and differences in scholars' arguments and their implications for Shariah decisions in the context of Islamic economics. The conclusion of this study is the importance of regulation and clear guidelines to ensure cryptocurrency’s compliance with Sharia principles.
The development of information technology has had a significant impact on various sectors, including the health sector. This research aims to implement blockchain technology with smart contracts in health data management to create a secure, transparent, and efficient system. The methods used include needs analysis, smart contract development, and system simulation using the Ethereum platform and IPFS-based off-chain storage. Data was collected through literature studies, interviews, observations, and system simulations. The results show that the smart contract successfully automates the process of granting and revoking data access permissions, with an average transaction time of under 2 seconds. The system ensures data security through encryption, private key-based authentication, and immutable transaction records. Off-chain storage overcomes blockchain's capacity limitations for big data such as medical imaging results, without compromising privacy. However, this research faces the challenges of high transaction fees on public blockchains and scalability of the system at large user scales. This research contributes to the development of innovative solutions for health data management with full control by patients, while improving the transparency and efficiency of the system.
Rahmat Mustaqim Adi Nugroho, Nanang Sudarsono, Achyar Rosandi, Zaki Akbar
The goals of these brief are to identifies and analyze how the role of Act in backups Rupiah strength against the exchange of decentralize finance block-chain based cryptocurrency (known as Bitcoin or BTC) whereas does not requires swift-code alike printed or FIAT as a early detection of state to print collateral or guarantee on foreign exchange rate. Within act or preparation of ratification upcoming act, remembered by the 13th August 2025 Rupiah exchange has weakened since last 5 year along +/- 3.000 Rupiah per-$ USD numbered 16.164 Rupiah against 1$ USD became the basis of Act to be frontier guardian to prevent valuation of inflation and empowered Rupiah in global market exchange. Otherwise thus valuation were countered back by BTC on every-world currencies since 2016 itself has gained the upscale as much as 32.018,52% the number that should concerned and potentially capable to brought a nation into failure if it is not restricted immediately by the Gration or Acts that defend a currency rate in every state.
Blockchain, as a supporting technology for the industrial revolution 4.0, has excellent potential to change many areas of private legal transactions, including as the technological basis of smart contracts. The application of blockchain technology has its own legal aspects, risks, legal issues and challenges to provide regulatory policies to optimize the technology's potential and simultaneously mitigate risks. This research aims, firstly, to discover the legal aspects that should be considered in blockchain technology and, secondly, the legal issues of implementing blockchain technology, especially those related to finance, jurisdiction, and cyber-attacks. The research method to be used is normative legal research. The research results obtained are, first, the aspect of the existence of the law itself, which is related to binary code through hash algorithms. Second, the legal issues of implementing blockchain in the financial sector are scalability, data privacy, data interoperability, and governance; related to jurisdiction related to the ability of blockchain to cross jurisdictional boundaries because nodes on the blockchain can transmit anywhere, in this world; related to cyber-attacks, namely brute force attacks on specific nodes which result in the dissemination of inaccurate information. Legal assistance and existence in technology (in this case, blockchain) are needed so that everything continues according to the rules to prevent more significant problems from arising.
Robby Nugroho Setiawan, Anwar Hidayat, Muhamad Abas
This research investigates the implementation of smart contracts in the Indonesian property sector, examining the legal opportunities and challenges involved. Blockchain technology offers high transparency, efficiency, and security in property transactions, but faces regulatory and infrastructural hurdles. The aim of this research is to explore the related legal dynamics, identify socio-economic impacts, and offer sustainable solutions. The research method employed is a qualitative legal approach to gather and analyze data. The findings indicate that although blockchain can expedite transaction processes and enhance transparency, the legal validity of smart contracts and consumer protection remain major issues. Regulatory updates and increased awareness of data security are necessary to optimize the adoption of this technology in Indonesia.Keywords: Blockchain., Property law., Regulation., Smart contracts., Transparency
Digitalization has significantly changed the way contracts are executed, especially with the emergence of smart contracts. The positive impact of digitalization on contract law cannot be denied, however, there are also challenges and controversies that need to be addressed wisely. Qualitative research methods will be the main approach in exploring the impact of digitalization on contract law in smart contract analysis. By utilizing observations and document analysis, this research will explore an in-depth understanding of the implementation of smart contracts in the context of contract law. The practical implication is the need to update contract law regulations that accommodate technological developments, while the theoretical implication is the need for an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of smart contracts and their impact on traditional contract. the need to update contract law regulations to accommodate technological developments, especially in the use of smart contracts. Meanwhile, the theoretical implication is the importance of a deep understanding of the characteristics of smart contracts and their impact on traditional contracts in order to minimize potential legal conflicts. Keywords: Digitalization, Contract Law, Agreements, Smart Contracts
One of the most widely adopted forms of information technology application today is electronic trade through the internet network to make transactions. This transaction system was initially centralized, but with the risk of system failure and hacking, distributed systems such as blockchain were developed to improve security and efficiency. Blockchain also gave birth to derivative technologies such as smart contracts, automated blockchain-based digital agreements. Despite offering many advantages, the anonymity and decentralization of smart contracts raise concerns of misuse for illicit activities such as money laundering. Therefore, regulatory updates in Indonesia are needed to regulate the validity of smart contracts and money laundering actions through this technology. This article analyses the validity and regulation of smart contracts and efforts to implement the AML system in blockchain-based transactions in Indonesia.
Claudia Ovaliani Putri, Jacob Williams, Luna Anastasya, Dyah Juliastuti
The rapid advancement of technology in the digital era has prompted many companies to develop their businesses in line with current trends, one of which is by applying blockchain technology to smart contracts. This technology is a derivative of Cryptocurrency, which has become a trend in asset trading. The blockchain system in Cryptocurrency enables smart contracts to be designed to operate autonomously through blockchain technology using programming languages translated into legal language. This study aims to analyze the legality of using blockchain technology for smart contracts as legal products in the digital era and to assess the effectiveness of blockchain technology on smart contracts in business agreements between companies in Indonesia. This research employs a normative juridical method, focusing on the prevailing legal regulations related to the legality and effectiveness of using blockchain technology in smart contracts. The study concludes that the potential of blockchain for smart con- tracts is significant, given its efficiency and practicality, which can also reduce transaction costs. However, its implementation still needs to adapt to existing technologies, be easily accepted by society, and have stronger legal guarantees in its application.
Rumi Suwardiyati, Hanif Nur Widhiyanti, Setiawan Wicaksono
Smart contracts in blockchain systems are widely used as automated agreements that can expedite the execution of a contract. Based on the characteristics of smart contracts analyzed through agreements in the Indonesian Civil Code (BW), it can be concluded that smart contracts can be legally used in contractual legal activities in Indonesia. This is because smart contracts meet the requirements outlined in the BW as guidelines for contract formation, particularly concerning the validity of contracts. Using a normative method, which employs literature as legal material for this writing, the result shows that the validity of smart contracts in blockchain, based on Indonesian contract law, aligns with the contract law that fulfills the requirements of Article 1320 BW. Smart contracts can also be classified as standard agreements where the parties agree based on an existing and mutually agreed-upon contract. Until now, there are no specific regulations regarding smart contracts in Indonesia, even though smart contracts are already widely used in the country.
NFTs, or Non-Fungible Tokens, are digital assets referring to objects, such as art, music, in-game items, videos, and any other type of work represented in digital form. Two-dimensional artworks, including paintings, drawings, and sculptures, gain legal protection as copyrighted works. The use of NFTs is identified as a potential tool in preventing copyright infringement, verifying authenticity, and providing legal certainty for owners and buyers of digital artworks. This research aims to identify the regulation and protection of copyright for two-dimensional artworks in the context of the use of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) under Law No. 28/2014 on Copyright (UUHC). Through normative research with a statutory approach, this research aims to examine the regulation of copyright infringement of two-dimensional artworks embodied in NFTs and comprehend the legal aspects related to their infringement. The research findings indicate that, although NFTs offer a mechanism to strengthen proof of ownership and authenticity, there remains a lack of effective legal and policy frameworks to protect copyright and support the growth of the digital art industry. The findings underscore the importance of concerted efforts in strengthening copyright protection in the digital age and raising public awareness on the significance of respecting and abiding by copyrighted artworks.
Matthew Edbert, Yoan Nursari Simanjuntak, Bebeto Ardyo
Perkembangan dan inovasi teknologi berpengaruh secara besar terhadap kehidupan masyarakat saat ini, termasuk dalam ranah industri kreatif. Dampak ini terlihat dengan adanya teknologi blockchain dan Non-Fungible Token (NFT) sebagai sarana untuk mendesentralisasi industri tersebut. Perkembangan ini juga menimbulkan risiko tersendiri, dimana karya cipta dapat disalahgunakan oleh pihak-pihak yang tidak berwenang melalui penciptaan dan transaksi NFT dalam sistem blockchain, sehingga mengakibatkan timbulnya kerugian bagi pencipta, baik secara materiil, maupun secara imateriil. Risiko inilah yang menjadi alasan diperlukannya pengkajian terhadap perlindungan hukum bagi hak pencipta dalam proses penciptaan dan transaksi NFT, baik berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta, maupun ketentuan-ketentuan lain yang berlaku dalam proses tersebut agar dapat diketahui secara jelas perlindungan-perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada pencipta dalam pelaksanaan proses tersebut, serta dapat memajukan industri kreatif di Indonesia.
Joel Jordan Tobing, Ampuan Situmeang, Hari Sutra Disemadi
The development of technology and digital transformation has led to the growth of industries such as the creative business industry. One of its impacts is the emergence of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). NFTs are digital assets in the form of tokens representing ownership of a digital artwork. In Indonesia, NFTs currently lack specific legislative regulations, and there is no explicit and clear regulatory framework regarding the protection of NFTs in terms of their intellectual property aspects. Therefore, this study examines the development of NFTs in Indonesia, along with the legal position and protection of NFTs based on intellectual property law in Indonesia. In this research, the author employs a normative juridical research method with a legislative approach. Based on the research findings, it is evident that the development of NFTs, both globally and nationally, is quite significant. The public is increasingly becoming acquainted with NFTs, which have substantial prospects and are associated with many high-commercial-value works. Regarding NFTs as creative works, the regulation that accommodates the protection of intellectual property for NFTs in Indonesia is Law No. 28/2014. It is known that NFTs can take the form of images, paintings, videos, and music, which are considered parts of creations protected by copyright.
Tuhana Tuhana, Dona Budi Kharisma, Nabilah Khoirunnisa
The purpose of this legal research is to find out the legal problems in protecting the copyrights of creators of works of art on Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) and to find out the forms of legal protection for creators’ copyrights of works of art on NFT. The type of research is normative legal research. The approaches used are statute approaches, conceptual approaches, and comparative approaches. The legal materials used are all regulations regarding copyright that exist in Indonesia and The United States of America (USA). NFT is a copyright protection solution for creators of works of art in the digital era. Indonesia does not yet have a digital copyright act while the USA has a digital copyright act called the Digital Millennium Copyrights Act (DMCA) which is able to protect the copyrights of art creators in NFT. In Indonesia, it has not yet been regulated regarding the prohibition of the importation of anti-circumvention devices, which has been handled in Chapter 1201 of the DMCA. Then there is also no regulation regarding the deletion of NFT content, which indicates violations in Indonesia, which has been regulated in USA.