Isti Surjandari, Harman Yusuf, Enrico Laoh, Rayi Maulida
Abstract Halal Supply Chain Management requires an assurance that the entire process of procurement, distribution, handling, and processing materials, spare parts, livestock, work-in-process, or finished inventory to be well documented and performed fit to the Halal and Toyyib. Blockchain technology is one alternative solution that can improve Halal Supply Chain as it can integrate technology for information exchange during the tracking and tracing process in operating and monitoring performance. This technology could improve trust, transparency, and information disclosure between supply chain participants since it could act as a distributed ledger and entitle all transactions to be completely open, yet confidential, immutable, and secured. This study uses a Blockchain Network with three channels and uses raft consensus algorithm in designing web interfaces and testing their capabilities. From the web interface, there were no failures in the validity test during the invoke test and the query test. In addition, the web interface was also successfully tested to thwart the formation of a block in case of data input errors from the user. The server can also do the process as a provider of information and validator for the web interface. From the results of simulations conducted on the Blockchain Network that was made, Blockchainâs transaction speed is fast and all the transaction is successfully transferred to other peers. Thus, Permissioned Blockchain is useful for Halal Supply Chain not just because it can secure transactions from some of the halal issues, but the transaction speed and rate to transfer data are very effective.
Inessa Tyan, Mariemma I. YagĂźe, Antonio JesĂşs Guevara Plaza
Abstract Achieving sustainable tourism is a process that focuses on numerous goals and faces many challenges. The advent of disruptive technology like blockchain could help to tackle some challenges in sustainable tourism development and address its goals. This conceptual paper aims to discuss how blockchain technology could contribute to sustainable tourism. Precisely, the authors investigate the potential benefits of blockchain technology to disrupt tourism operations and boost local economy, manage food supply chain and mitigate food waste, achieve touristsâ satisfaction, affect the touristsâ sustainable behaviour, and address awareness rise issues. The authors conclude that blockchain technology has a potential to contribute to sustainable tourism development as well as the SDGs and propose the directions for future research.
Jan 1, 2021¡Proceedings of the 1st Universitas Kuningan International Conference on Social Science, Environment and Technology, UNiSET 2020, 12 December 2020, Kuningan, West Java, Indonesia
Cryptocurrency in the perspective of Islam has currently become a subject undergoing intense study among researchers. The Islamic perspective of money, has specific characteristics and requirements, such as stability and is based on assets. These characteristics also applied to the Cryptocurrency as
Abderahman Rejeb, John G. Keogh, Suhaiza Zailani, Horst Treiblmaier ¡ 5 authors
Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising technology with far-reaching implications for the food industry. The combination of immutability, enhanced visibility, transparency and data integrity provides numerous benefits that improve trust in extended food supply chains (FSCs). Blockchain can enhance traceability, enable more efficient recall and aids in risk reduction of counterfeits and other forms of illicit trade. Moreover, blockchain can enhance the integrity of credence claims such as sustainably sourced, organic or faith-based claims such as kosher or halal by integrating the authoritative source of the claim (e.g., the certification body or certification owner) into the blockchain to verify the claim integrity and reassure business customers and end consumers. Despite the promises and market hype, a comprehensive overview of the potential benefits and challenges of blockchain in FSCs is still missing. To bridge this knowledge gap, we present the findings from a systematic review and bibliometric analysis of sixty-one (61) journal articles and synthesize existing research. The main benefits of blockchain technology in FCSs are improved food traceability, enhanced collaboration, operational efficiencies and streamlined food trading processes. Potential challenges include technical, organizational and regulatory issues. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our research and present several ideas for future research.
Abstract Global food trade has become an increasingly crucial element for feeding the world's population. Enhancing bilateral or multilateral trust in food safety in international food trade is not only important for promoting the sustainable development of trade but is also beneficial for cooperation when facing a global food crisis. However, highly credible traceability systems (TSs) for the crossâborder movement of food are still absent in many countries and regions. Blockchain is regarded as a promising technology that can help build trust for transparency and security issues. In this paper, an interconnected conceptual traceability framework based on blockchain is proposed in order to increase trust in food safety during food trade. Taking the food trade between China and the European Union as an example, a conceptual framework is designed in order to take full advantage of existing TSs in these two locations, and the features of logistical flow, data flow, and blockchain flow are analyzed. Considering the data capacity and data privacy level, a hybrid data storage method combining onâchain and offâchain is adopted. Smart contracts according to the features of crossâborder food tradeâincluding the recording of exportation data, exporter inspection data, shipment data, importer inspection data, importation data, and tracing queriesâare packaged and deployed to a blockchain network. An effective operation mechanism involving the distribution of related rights for different roles is presented. The blockchainâbased TS framework has the advantages of enhancing bilateral trust in crossâborder food trade, providing a flexible and intelligent technical framework, and having effective operability. Future challenges, such as data security, special smart contracts, and consensus mechanisms, and interoperability with other systems, are discussed.
Takaful insurance is increasing its consideration. Islamic insurance provides mutual aid and protection. However, the different model does not always make the business efficient. Several studies have shown the difficulty of Takaful companies in limiting their operating costs and having efficient borders. To reduce such operating costs and reach economies of scale, this paper assesses the adoption of Blockchain technology as a critical value for the Islamic insurance industry. Building upon a literature review and drawing on the SWOT framework, this paper outlines internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats. Our analysis reveals that the Blockchain technology can help in the reduction of fraud, increase timeliness of actions for customers, allow for faster and more efficient management of claims and improve the risk management. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed
Summary This article proposes a blockchain oriented platform to guarantee the origin and provenance of food items in a Smart Tourism Region context. Local food and beverage, in fact, can become a good combination to attract tourist and to promote the area provided that their provenance is clearly certified. We designed and developed a blockchainâbased system to manage an agriâfood supply chain for tracking food items. By using smart contracts the platform guarantees transparency, efficiency and trustworthiness. Our system is particularly suitable to manage cold chain since the system interfaces with IoT network devices providing detailed information about data monitoring food such as storage temperature, environment humidity, and GPS data. All involved actors can share data and information in a more efficient, transparent, and tamper proof way than traditional systems. The final consumer can access with transparency to all the agriâfood chain of the purchased product and verify provenance by retrieving all detailed information registered in the blockchain public ledger. The proposed system has been designed according to the ABCDE method, an agile development process recently conceived, to obtain a higher software quality to design a general blockchain system by means software engineering practices. A real case study applied to local products from Sardinia, Italy, is proposed at the end of the article.
Abstract This paper reviewed the existing and potential blockchain applications of this technology, which are to trade the agricultural wastes including animal wastes, energy, and byproducts among the farmers and entrepreneurs to generate wealth; to manage the animal product supply chains such as dairy products, beef, and chicken to enhance their safety and traceability; and to distribute the funds to refugees and migrants, displaced due to emergencies, to buy various farming inputs including feed. A blockchain is a distributed database of records in the form of encrypted âblocksâ (smaller datasets), or a public ledger of all transactions or digital events that have been executed and shared among participating parties and can be verified at any time in the future. The attributes such as integrity, immutability collaboration, organization, identification, credibility, and transparency of blockchain technology make it ideal for a number of applications in animal production and animal health sectors. Some potential applications of the blockchain technology in the livestock sector, not limited to the ones stated here, are to effectively manage various input supply chains, such as animal feed, de-wormers, medicines, and vaccines, among others; integration of feed composition and environmental footprint databases; and sustainability and technology outreach platforms. Current challenges toward increased application of the blockchain technology are also presented. These topics would serve as the starting points for future applications of the blockchain technology in animal farming.
Contemporary tourism has undergone many changes in the last decade, mainly due to expansion of the new technology. The use of new technology has had more positive than negative impacts on tourism intermediation, but none of them triggered a radical change. Blockchain technology has been one of the most discussed topics especially after 2016 due to its all opportunities, but also threats. Even though it is still somewhat unfamiliar, it is a form of technology which has a great potential to cause a revolution in traditional business activities, as it is predicted by futurists. For now, this phenomenon has only been recognized by bigger tourism intermediaries, technology-oriented companies. Such fast changes require even faster adaptations of all tourism intermediaries and this is challenging because most of stakeholders are not familiar with the use and the impact of blockchain. Therefore, in this paper the authors will try to provide answers by presenting a SWOT analysis of blockchain technology implications on activities undertaken by all participants in tourism intermediation. It implies to conclusion that everyone will face various challenges in its implementation which have to be considered seriously. The use and the general understanding of blockchain technology is still in an initial stage, so it is crucial that tourism research takes a proactive role in the exploration of this field of study. Furthermore, as trends are dynamic and evolve rapidly, the topic becomes particularly challenging for scientists in bridging practice into theory. Therefore, this theory-based paper on an overall assumption contributes to a better understanding of this phenomenon and raises the awareness for further research
The BeefLedger Export Smart Contracts project is a collaborative research study between BeefLedger Ltd and QUT co-funded by the Food Agility CRC. This project exists to deliver economic value to those involved in the production, export and consumption of Australian beef to China through: (1) reduced information asymmetry; (2) streamlined compliance processes, and; (3) developing and accessing new data-driven value drivers, through the deployment of decentralised ledger technologies and associated governance systems. This report presents early insights from a survey deployed to Chinese consumers in Nov/Dec 2019 exploring attitudes and preferences about blockchain-credentialed beef exports to China. Our results show that most local and foreign consumers were willing to pay more than the reference price for a BeefLedger branded Australian cut and packed Sirloin steak at the same weight. Although considered superior over Chinese processed Australian beef products, the Chinese market were sceptical that the beef they buy was really from Australia, expressing low trust in Australian label and traceability information. Despite lower trust, most survey respondents were willing to pay more for traceability supported Australian beef, potentially because including this information provided an additional sense of safety. Therefore, traceability information should be provided to consumers, as it can add a competitive advantage over products without traceability.
Nuraslina Zainal Abidin, Firdaus Fanny Putera Perdana
Despite rooted from Islamic needs, Halal certification also attracts both Muslims and non-Muslims. In fact, the non-Muslim players are the ones dominating the industry. It is widely known that Halal food chain is quite vulnerable due to complications in maintaining Halal integrity, the necessity to prevent doubtful materials, lack of control of food norms, and the importance to retain high quality. The presence of Halal certification is a form of consumer protection and therefore, the integrity of Halal certification must be carefully monitored. There are some Halal violation cases and this can potentially affect the reputation of the Halal food products. Therefore, it is important to develop a system that integrates a verifiable, open, and safe shared database that is not run by a centralized operator. Blockchain technology is the one that offers such. The study presents a framework for blockchain technology for Halal product verification for manufactured food products. The results are desired to help the food industry players in maintaining a system that can improve the transparency and the integrity of their Halal food chain. The system also intends to ensure the affordability and accessibility of Halal certification for as many industry players as possible as blockchain technology is believed to remove the complications in the certification process and reduce paperwork related cost.
With the increase in the complexity of the dairy supply chain system, consumers know very less about the products produced or processed by producer or processor. Such information asymmetry present in the dairy industry has serious concern over human health, environmental sustainability, and welfare issues. In this context, we require the effective dairy supply chain system that not only fulfils the information requirement of the consumers but also increase the trust of the consumer on the dairy product they are consuming. The paper tries to present the application of Blockchain technology in the dairy sector. It focuses on the application of the Blockchain technology on improving the dairy supply chain system. This paper presents how this technology can be used in the dairy supply chain system and outlines the potential benefit of it to the different stakeholders and the whole dairy industry as a whole. This is a review article based on the secondary data and information that are obtained from various published articles.
Cryptocurrency is a new phenomenon in investment industry in particular and financial world in large. The opportunities and threats come one over another in cryptocurrency debate that left people in perplex state whether to accept or reject the currency. In other view, it also brings advantages and inevitable disadvantages since it is operated online that vulnerable to number of threats and danger. This paper tries to examine maqasid views on this currency relying on SWOT analysis then will be viewed on the mirror of maslahah dan mafsadah as main pillars in maqasid al-syariâah. As a result, this issue needs to be studied further since the maslahah and mafsadah sometime interchange the roles as particular, general maslahah and its counterparty since the system is always been designed for the benefits, that yet created the negative implication simultaneously. Furthermore, this innovation could be designed followed the desire of designers with dynamics structure in fulfilling the marketâs needs.
Advanced technology provides greater opportunities for physical integration of transportation modes driven by containerization in respond to the evolving demands of consumer. The inception of Web 2.0, together with Industry 4.0, which introduced digitalisation including Blockchain technology has ushered in a substantial attention in shipping and port operation. The introduction of Blockchain technology - a distributed ledger server to store, verify, and authenticate parties' transactions - will increase the efficiency, consistency, and visibility of the entire supply chain system. It is expected that Blockchain will soon become a standard practice throughout the industry. Many scholars advocate that the next wave of technology will come from Blockchain as it represents the foundation of a new digital supply chain system. This will help improving the overall efficiency by defining traceability while enabling source tracking, optimizing order and freight tracking, and fostering trust between the organization and customers. Therefore, this paper through a comprehensive systematic literature review attempts to investigate the possibility of application of blockchain in shipping and port operation.
The need for beef supply chain traceability system is vital due to increase in counterfeiting and use of excessive preservatives and hazardous chemicals. To overcome these problems, it is needed a system which provides the option for the consumer to verify the origin of all input materials for food product based on one step forward and one step backward in supply chain mechanism. Blockchain technology is used as the solution to this problem. This paper aims to identify the requirement and designing the traceability system that could capture all relevant data. The design of beef supply chain traceability system will be described as a business process flow with BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation), in which BPMN will be described the stakeholders involved with the task and needs of the designed system. Based on requirement analysis, this system composed of 4 stakeholders, namely the farmer, feedlot, industry, and retailer. The result showed that the blockchain can create a transparent and efficient supply chain through sharing data between the stakeholders.
This paper presents a framework for traceable and transparent supply chain management (SCM) system for the agri-food sector using blockchain technology in Malaysia. Numerous researchers believed that the current SCM system consists of several weak points, especially when multiple enterprise resource planning (ERP) system utilizing centralized SCM. Thus, data transparency and traceability are limited. This study hypothesized that if blockchain technology correlates with transparency and traceability of SCM, the above limitation can be minimized, as blockchain technology works in a distributed manner. This research uses âpepperâ as an agri-food domain. The research also recommends that permissioned blockchain is a better fit as compared to permissionless blockchain.
Ravi Kumar, H.L. Gururaj, Manoj Athreya A, Nagarajath S. M ¡ 5 authors
As the whole world is moving towards digital payments, ethers and the transaction methods with quick payment features are stored in a blockchain in a distributed network. To adopt pet animals, this technology provides security and flexibility to users. The distributed network is a network system through which data, software and computer programming are spread across on more than one node(computers) and these nodes are dependent on each other. It is nothing but a peer-to-peer network which eliminates a single point of failure. The blockchain is a growing list of records called blocks, that are linked using cryptography. It is a decentralised, distributed and an immutable ledger to store digital transactions. Its databases are managed using a peer-to-peer network where all the nodes in a network are equal and are the major concern in the types of network architecture. The consensus protocol is used for transacting and communicating between the nodes. In this paper, a unique way of adopting pets is proposed where the transaction details are stored in a blockchain whereby using hash value returns further details of the transaction. It provides users more convenient access in adopting pets and provides a better approach to the existing centralised system.
The article presents the analysis and evaluation of the essence of bitcoin (and other cryptocurrencies) from the perspective of its (their) adaptability to the Muslim concept of money. From an economic point of view in the so-called Western culture, all the classical functions of money cannot be fully attributed to bitcoin. Although it performs the function of an exchange medium and the means of payment, it does not fulfil the role of a value storing instrument and thus proves to be a defective measure of value. In the Islamic world, the perception of bitcoin as money is a more complex problem because its economic presentation overlaps with religious issues. Such relationship results in a situation when the answer to the question: can bitcoin be approached as money, is formulated on the basis of a subjective interpretation of the Sharia law, which is also ambiguous.
Recently, Halal food has drawn remarkable attention of many consumers around the world. Besides to being unsafe, Halal food such as meat can encounter several issues throughout its supply chain and logistics. At any time, Halal integrity is not guaranteed and risks of becoming non-Halal is the major concern of all parties along the supply chain. To respond to Muslim consumersâ trust concerns in Halal food, many traceability systems were proposed in previous studies based on emerging technologies and recommended to be incorporated into Halal food supply chains. Nevertheless, all of these systems are centralized, opaque and not enough transparent. To mitigate these problems, blockchain technology is introduced as a ground-breaking innovation with greater decentralization, visibility and transparency. This paper makes a major contribution in suggesting Halal meat supply chain traceability system for real-time food tracing based on embedding Islamic dietary law into HACCP, blockchain and Internet of Things.
Mahadi Hasan Miraz, Mohamad Ghozali Hasan, Kamal Imran Mohd Sharif
Bangladesh garments industry plays a significant role for Bangla--desh economy. It helps millions of workers in Bangladesh. As difficulties to trade among nations have failed due to improved shipping systems, technology transfer and government coopera--tion, the industry has seen a rapid increase in globalization and struggle. The all Bangladesh apparels mills association and indi--viduals needs to enhance the quality of its goods. However, the promises in the RMG can be comprehended only if the challenges in some areas like - organizations, compliances, workforces sup--ply, dealers' performances, raw resources, political stability are tackled. In order to minimize the issues we need a proper supply chain using Blockchain.
Yusuf Sani Abubakar, Ahmad Faosiy Ogunbado, Mpawenimana Abdallah Saidi
Bitcoin is a type of cryptocurrency and the most successful in blockchain management. It has become famous in recent years. The critical aspects of cryptocurrency are its legitimacy, source of money laundering, tax evasion, lack of regulation etc. The aim of this study is to explore the view of Muslim scholars on the legality of bitcoin with respect to Shariah. The study adopts doctrinal approach which utilizes descriptive approach of qualitative research methodology which relies on secondary data in form of text books, journals, newspapers, related websites etc. The study found that Muslim scholars are divided on the issue. A part of them completely rejected bitcoin and considered it against Shariah principles. On the other hand, some Muslim scholars believe bitcoin does not contradict Islamic principles and therefore may be used, however with certain conditions. The researchers tend to support the proponentsâ view as most of the opponentsâ grounds for the rejection are temporary in nature which may be covered through policy regulations.