David Cisar, Benjamin Schellinger, Jens-Christian Stoetzer, Nils Urbach · 7 authors
Abstract Corporate bonds are an attractive option for corporate financing. However, current bond markets face many challenges and inefficiencies, resulting in high transaction costs (TAC). In recent years, technological advancements like blockchain technology have enabled the possibility of reducing TAC in bond markets. Even though practice experiments with such solutions, academic literature lacks generic design knowledge under the TAC lens to design blockchain-based bonds. Thus, our research follows the design science research (DSR) paradigm to design and develop a bond prototype using the Ethereum blockchain protocol. Our results highlight the capability of blockchain-based bond markets to reduce TAC in the three dimensions of asset specificity, uncertainty, and transaction frequency. Further, our research provides design principles to contribute to both practice and the academic discourse on developing blockchain-based bond markets with reduced TAC.
The article considers the functional roles of cryptocurrencies in the digital economy, examines trends and prospects for their development.Approaches to the interpretation of the essence of the concept of "cryptocurrency" are revealed, the main types of the most popular cryptocurrencies today are considered, their general features are unified.
This study analyses the growing importance of cryptocurrencies in Baluchistan, Pakistan, using the Rabby Wallet and Dex Screener to identify suspicious transactions linked to the Baluchistan Youth Council (BYC) in 2023.Baluchistan, one of Pakistan's least digitally connected areas, has adopted Decentralized Finance (DeFi) techniques, likely due to financial exclusion, surveillance avoidance, and informal remittance networks.The mixed-methods study analyses secondary data, tracks blockchain transactions, and reviews policy.Digital finance has structural constraints due to broadband penetration differences (15% in Baluchistan vs. 58.4% overall).Local traders, activists, and remittance beneficiaries may selectively adopt Rabby Wallet, according to wallet-level examinations.Event-window examination of Dex Screener data shows anomalous trading volumes, especially in low-liquidity tokens, amid BYC rallies and political mobilizations.These inconsistencies undermine cryptocurrency's significance in socio-political movements and its absorption into Baluchistan's shadow financial environment.The paper interprets these data using financial repression, technological adoption, and conflict economics.It contends that crypto adoption in Baluchistan is low but strategic in political finance and informal cross-border trade.The paper suggests improving financial inclusion, regulating decentralized platforms, and training investigators.This study illuminates how digital finance affects political movements in fragile regions and the risks and potential of bitcoin adoption in Baluchistan.
Cryptocurrencies are a type of financial instrument that has been widely used by financial market participants since the early 2010s. Despite their growing popularity, their status within financial systems across different countries remains a topic of ongoing discussion. There is still no consensus on how to best understand the economic nature of these digital assets. This paper uses discourse analysis and content analysis to explore the various interpretations of cryptocurrencies’ economic nature. The paper argues that the interpretation of cryptocurrency’s economic nature depends heavily on the perspective of the stakeholder and the intended purpose of using the term. It considers arguments both for and against treating cryptocurrencies as commodities, currencies (including electronic and private currencies), or properties (assets, such as financial assets). It concludes that traditional cryptocurrencies do not meet the criteria for being considered money, and only central bank-issued digital currencies can fulfill all the functions associated with money. Decentralized cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, cannot be classified as securities because there are no companies or organizations that issue these assets and bear any obligations under them. Instead, these assets have the characteristics of commodities. Different types of cryptocurrencies can be treated as either commodities or securities for tax purposes, depending on the specific circumstances. At the same time, assets with unique characteristics and behavior in the financial market may be included in a separate category for accounting purposes, or if the state allows for the use of cryptocurrencies in transactions without restrictions, they can be considered equivalent to cash.
Introduction. This article explores the emerging role and importance of decentralized finance (DeFi) within the global financial landscape. It analyzes how blockchain-based financial instruments are reshaping traditional financial services and creating new opportunities for inventors and users worldwide. Summary of the main results of the study. The study begins by examining the core principles of DeFi, including its decentralized nature, transparency, and programmability. It then delves into the various components of the DeFi ecosystem, such as decentralized exchanges, lending platforms, and yield farming protocols, explaining their functions and potential benefits. The author investigates the growth trajectory of DeFi is addressing inefficiencies in traditional finance, particularly in areas like cross-border transactions, access to credit, and financial inclusion for the unbanked population. Furthermore, the article also critically assesses the challenges facing DeFi, including regulatory uncertainties, smart contract vulnerabilities, and scalability issues. It explores potential solutions and ongoing developments aimed at overcoming these obstacles. This the research analyzes the impact of DeFi on established financial institutions and markets. It considers how traditional banks and investment firms are responding to the DeFi phenomenon, either by adapting their services or by integrating DeFi elements into their existing operations. The study concludes by projecting the future role of DeFi in the international financial market. It discusses potential scenarios for the coexistence or convergence of centralized and decentralized financial systems, and the implications for global economic stability and financial inclusion. Conclusion. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the transformative potential of decentralized finance and its growing significance within the broader context of the international financial market.
In the Delegated Proof-of-Stake blockchain, block producers (BP) are elected by stake-weighted vote. The supermajority of BPs can change the rule of the blockchain; thus, preventing the centralization of votes is important. We find the optimal number of votes per account (VPA) that minimizes takeover risks while maximizing voting flexibility. A smaller VPA requires more stake for takeover, but only up to a certain point, implying that the ‘one vote per account’ rule adopted by some major blockchains to mitigate centralization may be unnecessary. Our results are applicable to any environments in which multiple decision makers are elected by voting.
González, Agustín Muñoz, Juan I. Sequeira, Rafael Orive Illera
In this work, we present an application of the probabilistic weak formulation of mean field games (MFG) for modeling liquidity pools in a constant product automated market maker (AMM) protocol in the context of decentralized finance. Our work extends one of the most conventional applications of MFG, which is the price impact model in an order book, by incorporating an AMM instead of a traditional order book. The key structural difference is that in the AMM setting, the price is determined by the pool's reserves through a nonlinear mechanism, replacing the linear price-impact function used in classical models. Through our approach, we establish the existence of solutions to the Mean Field Game and, additionally, the existence of approximate Nash equilibria for the finite-player game. We complement the theoretical results with a comprehensive numerical study that validates the equilibrium structure: stability under perturbations, the $\varepsilon$-Nash property via unilateral deviations, finite-player convergence at propagation-of-chaos rates, and sensitivity to cost parameters and incentive targets. These results offer a new game-theoretic perspective for representing strategic behavior in AMM-based liquidity pools and open promising opportunities for future research in this emerging field.
Today's article talks about the economic relations arising from the creation, accumulation, distribution and redistribution or use of centralized and decentralized monetary funds. Finance occurs in the monetary sector of the economy and is noted to occur on the basis of income