In the situation of the Covid-19 plague, many organizations are raising funds to help local governments to obtain additional sources of funds that will be distributed to those in need. Trust is an important factor for the parties involved in raising these funds, both in terms of the funder, the service provider of fundraising platform and even the fundraiser. On this occasion, the author tries to analyze how to implement blockchain technology and smart contracts in the dominant schemes of crowdfunding process. the results of this study indicate that blockchain-based smart contracts can be applied to the dominant schemes of crowdfunding process.
Di Mokhammad Hakim Ilmawan, Budi Warsito, Sugito Sugito
Bitcoin is one of digital assets that can be used to make a profit. One of the ways to use Bitcoin profitly is to trade Bitcoin. At trade activities, decisions making whether to buy or not are very crucial. If we can predict the price of Bitcoin in the future period, we can make a decisions whether to buy Bitcoin or not. Artificial Neural Network can be used to predict Bitcoin price data which is time series data. There are many learning algorithm in Artificial Neural Network, Modified Artificial Bee Colony is one of optimization algorithm that used to solve the optimal weight of Artificial Neural Network. In this study, the Bitcoin exchage rate against Rupiah starting September 1, 2017 to January 4, 2019 are used. Based on the training results obtained that MAPE value is 3,12% and the testing results obtained that MAPE value is 2,02%. This represent that the prediction results from Artificial Neural Network optimized by Modified Artificial Bee Colony algorithm are quite accurate because of small MAPE value.
Blockchain is a distributed public ledger that contains all the digital transactions which is shared amongst the parties who participate in those transactions. It stores these transactions in such a way that it does not undergo any changes. Bitcoin is the popular application which makes use of the block chain technology. Many other applications like finance, real estate, IoT, supply chain etc use blockchain technology. The idea of the blockchain can be used by the content delivery networks to deliver the content to the customers in the reliable and secure manner. This technology has its own challenges and business opportunities which make it a fascinating concept from the perspective of research.
The article deals with the content of the tax on cryptocurrency, which is an innovative IT instrument of economic development. It has been established that there was no common understanding of the official status of cryptocurrency given that each state establishes it in the framework of its national legislation independently, and the introduction of taxes is one of the instruments of state influence on the cryptocurrency circulation. It has been found out that the EU member states had only one restriction on the taxation of cryptocurrency, namely cryptocurrency transactions were not liable for VAT. Foreign experience in taxing cryptocurrency transactions is considered in the article. It has been established that Ukraine offered the most optimal tax rate on income from cryptocurrency transactions for individuals and legal entities. At the same time, the significance of the economic effect of the cryptocurrency tax in the form of revenues to the state budget due to the unstable cryptocurrency exchange rate is disproved, which raises the issue of the feasibility of search for new areas of state influence on cryptocurrency.
Many existing business processes can be more effective and efficient with blockchain technology to save time, reduce risk and save money. Blockchain is a digital ledger where each block is linked to another block in a time stamped and every block has numbers of transaction with meta data like index, previous Hash and hash of that block. These hash make this digital ledger to an immutable public record of digital transactions. Every new transaction is validated by the other nodes across the distributed network before it is stored in a block. All transaction information once stored on the ledger is verifiable and auditable but not editable. With blockchains, business can establish what they are and then trade items like money, votes, deeds, intellectual property, stocks and bonds, loyalty points, and anything else that has value. One of the biggest divisions in blockchain technology is permissioned versus permissionless blockchains. Permissioned Blockchain is especially useful for the business that have to comply with regulations and wants to complete control of their data. Hyperledger works in this direction that has the aim of improving cross-industry permissioned blockchain technologies. In this paper we explained the some parameter for selecting platform of blockchain for business applications with some use cases and business people can also use Blockchain-as-a-service to deploy their own blockchain app easily that's managed and administered by cloud-based service providers.
Orăștean Ramona, Mărginean Silvia Cristina, Raluca Sava
Abstract Since 2012, there has been growing interest in bitcoin scientific research from different fields, including computer science and engineering, economics, business and finance, law and regulatory. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate bitcoin literature based on the structures and networks of science, as a first step in the research of this new phenomenon. Analysing the growing scientific literature on bitcoin published between 2012 and 2019, we provided useful insights on academic research in this field regarding publication year, type and category, authors, journals and citations. The source of the 887 documents which support the study was Web of Science Core Collection. Using VOSviewer software we have designed bibliometric maps based on text and bibliographic data. Our study provides a knowledge area map that identifies and evaluates the links between authors and countries distribution, the conceptual structure of the field, the structure and connections of most cited papers and journals. Resuming our findings, we note a concentration of the interest on some keywords (bitcoin, cryptocurrency, blockchain) and on some influential authors (with more than 100 citations per article). As a pure expression of digital economy, the research on bitcoin as an economic concept counts only 33.5% from the total contributions in the field.
August Thio-ac, Erwin John Domingo, Ricca May Reyes, Nilo Arago · 6 authors
This paper presents the development of an online procurement system and the integration of blockchain technology. Various tools such as PHP, JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and jQuery were used in designing the graphical, programming logic, and blockchain aspect of the system. Every page and function will have their respective construction and result. In addition, the proposed system's flow of process and the methods on the testing and hosting of the site as well as the different web development languages used in every part of the development and design process were presented. The proposed system was successfully and functionally developed starting from the execution of procurement proper, to the placement of procured items or goods, and up to the signing of contracts by the winner and the procurer. Lastly, features were added such as user profiles of the bidder and procurer.
Ph.D. Computer Science and Engineering Cyber Security Certified Information Systems Security, India., Alex. R. Mathew
Blockchain technology has seen adoption in many industries and most predominantly in finance through the use of cryptocurrencies. However, the technology is viable in cybersecurity. This paper looked at several use cases of Blockchain in the cybersecurity industry as envisioned by 30 researchers. It found that most researchers are concentrating on the adoption of Blockchain to protect IoT (Internet of Things) devices, networks, and data. The paper examined the ways highlighted by previous researchers through which Blockchain can afford security to the three problematic areas in IT. Lastly, the paper recommended that future researchers focus on a single Blockchain on which to develop cybersecurity applications to allow for integration and uniformity among solutions.
The biggest advantage of introducing blockchain is that it can deliver data to members while maintaining the security of medical data sensitive to personal privacy. That is, by using a blockchain in the ecosystem of medical information, it is possible to connect the insurer, the health care organization, and the patient. The blockchain provides health data efficiently and increases accuracy and efficiency when changing patient data through the health system. In addition, it improves the efficiency and control of patients' personal health data and increases the price transparency of pharmaceuticals and health services. So far, the healthcare industry has had strict regulations and policies to limit data security and personal privacy. Therefore, this paper has suggested the framework with functions to support clinical decision making more efficiently using blockchain technology and FHIR data standards. Basically, this framework is built on the FHIR, which is designed to be provided to patients. In addition, it complements and uses open key encryption technology and meets the key requirements required in interoperability functions, such as user identification/authentication, secure data exchange, and authorized data. In particular, it provides further secure data exchange method aiming access guarantee, consistent data format and system modularity. These instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for
August Thio-ac, Alfred Keanu Serut, Rayn Louise Torrejos, Keenan Dave Rivo · 5 authors
Electronic systems tend to simplify the tedious traditional scheme and basically focuses on the platform design and process organization. The integrity of the output of an automated system is not left behind but the possibility of internal manipulation is still high. This paper presents the current issues in company procurements and the solution in the form of blockchain technology. Several individuals and professionals were asked to evaluate a blockchain-based procurement system in comparison to the current electronic (e-procurement) system. A blockchain-based system has the capability to hold transactional data with complete decentralization and eliminate the growing number of fraud cases in companies and organizations. This paper mainly focuses on the effectiveness of a blockchain-based system in company procurements.
Traditional elections satisfy neither citizens nor political authorities in recent years. They are not fully secure since it is easy to attack votes. It threatens also privacy and transparency of voters. Additionally, it takes too much time to count the votes. This paper proposes a solution using Blockchain to eliminate all the disadvantages of conventional elections. Security and data integrity of votes are absolutely provided theoretically. Voter privacy is another requirement that is ensured in the system. Lastly, the waiting time for results decreased significantly in the proposed Blockchain voting system.
Security of IoT devices and applications can be improved by using the emerging Blockchain Technology which uses decentralised interaction and scalable architectures with security and distributed trust. In this work a review of Lightweight scalable Blockchain is proposed for security and privacy of IoT devices. An IoT scenario of smart home is used for illustrative purposes but this proposed architecture is wellsuited for diverse IoT applications. Effectiveness of this architecture is analysed using common threat models which provides an appropriate assessment for security and privacy implementation for smart home.
International roaming is one of the many essential services a carrier enables on its customer's subscriber identity module (SIM) cards that allows its users to send and receive calls, messages, and e-mails whenever they travel to another country. From its beginnings in voice roaming in the last 1.5 decades up to today, international roaming has been a pivotal contributor to the sales of telecommunications carriers. It does however come at a high cost, which the users end up paying, due to numerous factors such as roaming agreements between home carriers and visited carriers as well as clearinghouses needed by companies to settle disputes in agreements between the carriers involved. This paper proposes a consortium blockchain approach coupled with smart contract application. The decentralized nature of a blockchain and the automation that smart contracts provide solves two of international roaming problems-intermediaries and high cost. Together with Tendermint-a consensus mechanism that requires no mining, implementation of the consortium blockchain can be done involving all carriers around the world with them being the privileged users and verify the transactions of two engaging carriers. With this setup, the blockchain is privatized yet still able to perform the essential functions of a blockchain, which are immutability, security, and transparency of data. The proposal can eliminate the need for continually changing roaming agreements and clearing houses that increase the price for the users as well as slow down the processing time making international roaming services much more efficient, user-friendly and cost-effective for both its consumers and carriers.
The blockchain represented by Bitcoin, the distributed ledger system can prevent double spending effectively and other issues. But it has caused the concentration of bitcoin mining power, which completely contradicts the essential feature of the complete decentralization of the blockchain. In the blockchain system, transaction data information among users is transparently stored on the chain, and each participant can obtain a complete data backup. These transaction data are stored in an open and transparent manner on each node of the entire network, although it can prevent data forgery and tampering, it brings data privacy problems. In this paper, we propose a multi-level reward structure for the problem of centralized power calculation in the mining pool. This structure can make the miners work alone to prove the workload and obtain the reward through their own calculation power, in order to weaken the role of the mining pool. At the same time, for the data privacy security problem in the bitcoin trading system, we have improved the bitcoin puzzle, and proposed a puzzle scheme based on non-interactive zero-knowledge proof to ensure data transaction security.
With the successful application of Bitcoin, the underlying blockchain technology has been attracted the attention by more and more scholars, financial institutions and commercial companies. Blockchain technology integrates some key technologies such as finance, cryptography, computer science, and game theory, and builds a distributed record system that is decentralized, mutually trusted, and tamper-proof. This paper demonstrates the basic principles and features of blockchain, then analyzes the key technologies and characteristics of blockchain technology including asymmetric encryption, P2P, consensus mechanisms, smart contracts. In the last part of the paper, the author summarizes the potential application scenarios to blockchain and focuses on applications of the blockchain technology in the power industry.
Blockchain serving as an unalterable ledger, has received widespread attentions recently, which allows carrying out transactions with a decentralized matter. Applications with blockchain technology are springing up. However, financial applications especially in bank liquidation system are still facing big challenges. This paper first presents a consensus combined delegated-proof-of-stake protocol and BFT algorithm together. At the same time, using parallel idea and redesigned blockchain structure make the system more efficiency.
Bitcoin is a digital currency raised by Satosghi Nakamoto, which is Completely decentralized, Highly anonymous, cross-border. Nowadays it has became one of the most widely used currency. Recently, as the used capacity has approached the capacity limitation of each block, the time needed to confirm a transaction increase dramatically. As a result, bitcoin cannot satisfy the need of a large number of bitcoin transactions. This paper aims to apply merged mining technology to bitcoin blockchain scaling, which builds another blockchain called auxiliary blockchain based on bitcoin blockchain and stores some of small rapid transactions in auxiliary blockchain. This paper also proves the merged mining technology can concentrate computing power and design a special miner reward program.
In recent years, with the development of the Internet, network currency has gradually emerged. Bitcoin which is produced on the basis of complex algorithms has developed rapidly and attracted wide attention in academia. This paper explores the influence factors of bitcoin market transaction by analyzing the interaction between agents in bitcoin market transaction. Applying complex adaptive system modeling method based on multi-agent, this paper establishes an agent-based bitcoin market transaction model, and designs behavioral rules as well as transaction mechanism in detail for each agent in the process of market transaction. Then, we carry out a simulation on the Starlogo simulation platform and analyze the impact of the change in trader’s number on market transaction.
Bitcoin transaction fee is an important kind of transaction costs that can be observed. In this paper, we address that the long-term effects of the demand are greater than that of the supply through empirical analyses of the influence degree of computational power, the number of transactions and the price of bitcoin. Based on the theory of supply and demand, there is a trend upward for bitcoin transaction fee in the future.
In every nation, democratic elections are a momentous and weighty occurrence, and the voting system that is now in place requires the use of ballots or electronic voting machines (EVM). Transparency, poor turnout, vote manipulation, distrust of electoral organizations, fabrication of unique IDs (voting party IDs), and delays in posting results are some of the issues that arise as a result of these procedures. The matter of safety is of the utmost importance. When considering the installation of a computerized voting system, voter confidentiality has always been one of the most important concerns. There is no question regarding the system's capability to secure itself in contrast to prospective assaults and safeguard data in the face of such big choices. Utilization of blockchain technology is one approach that might be taken to resolve security concerns. The blockchain technology has an endless number of different uses that might be implemented. The technology known as blockchain is a distributed ledger that makes it possible for peer-to-peer networks all over the world to handle digital assets. In this context, distributed ledger technology represents an intriguing development. A grouping of all transactions is referred to as a block. Immutability, decentralisation, security, transparency, and anonymity are some of the outstanding properties offered by blockchain technology. The combination of blockchain technology with smart contracts has shown promise as a viable option for the development of trustworthy and open-source electronic voting systems. In this article, we demonstrate how to use blockchain technology with the help of a wallet and the Solidity programming language to build an electronic voting application. The programme was designed as a smart contract for the Ethereum network. In order to avoid having the same person vote twice, the user's wallet will only hold a certain number of tokens (gas), which will be depleted each time the user casts a vote. This article talks about the pros and cons of using blockchain technology. It also shows a practical solution in the form of a web app for voting and analyses its limits.
Cryptography is known for it's ability to protect confidential information, but it can also be used for other purposes. One of them is for identity verification or authentication. One of the biggest disadvantages of traditional authencation method is at the end of the session, the verifier knows about secrets which is supposed to be known only by prover. In this paper, we implemented a ZeroKnowledge Proof-based secret ticket verification system using Feige Fiat Shamir protocol. The goal of this system is to help prover identified themselves to the verifier, but also prevent the verifier to understand anything about the prover's secret information. The system is also able to prevent ticket duplication or double-use of tickets by using an interactive proof verification method. By combining it with cryptography, not only we can achieve completeness and soundness property of Zero-Knowledge Proof, but we can also achieve information security property. Index Terms - Feige Flat Shamir, Verification, Zero Knowledge Proof.