Sergei Ivanovich Rodzin, Viktoriia Viktorovna Bova
The metaverse is a collective common space for interaction created as a result of the convergence of physical reality and virtual space, including augmented reality and the Internet. The potential of the metaverse in the field of education is of growing interest, and many researchers are exploring ways to improve the effectiveness of student learning, while reducing time and labor costs to ensure the educational process. However, the systemic and technological aspects of providing education through the metaverse remain insufficiently developed. To fill this gap, the paper presents the concept and architecture of the metaverse, combining artificial intelligence technologies, Web3 and blockchain technology to create a learning environment. The existing approaches to the creation of intelligent systems and gamification of learning, as well as some projects for the creation of a metaverse, are analyzed. The purpose of the proposed approach to creating a metaverse is to design a virtual learning space that begins with reflecting the physical world, storing user learning trajectories, knowledge trees in the blockchain, and providing a secure and open community. The main stages of the metaverse development are presented, including cloning, expansion and integration of physical and virtual components, as well as blockchain technologies. It is noted that by now the necessary prerequisites have developed in Russia for the realization of the metaverse as one of the foundations of future education.
Open access
Technology and Human Factors in Education and Health
Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini Bamakan, Saeed Banaeian Far
The fourth industrial revolution has significantly increased the adoption of Digital Twins (DTs) across various sectors, including intelligent manufacturing, automation, logistics, and medical analysis. Despite substantial progress in deploying DT projects, numerous challenges remain, such as managing distributed data flows, protecting commercial confidentiality, securing intellectual property, and ensuring privacy and security. This research introduces a novel approach to addressing these challenges by leveraging blockchain and Web3 technologies, including non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and Distributed Autonomous Organizations (DAOs). The study aims to develop a distributed, tamper-proof DT cooperation platform that facilitates traceable and trustworthy data sharing while preserving intellectual property rights and enabling decentralized governance. This platform enhances idea and invention ownership, promotes collective decision-making through consensus protocols, and explores innovative solutions like blockchain-based federated learning and efficient DT project fundraising tools. Relying on security models and analysis tools, this study addresses several important security analysis methods/tools/models (e.g., random oracle model, BAN logic, AVISPA tool, and TAMARIN prover) that are known as practical analysis methods. They can strongly prove every claimed security feature of DT projects. The proposed solutions set the stage for future academic and industrial advancements, supported by a comprehensive SWOT (Strongness - Weakness - Opportunity - Threat) analysis, and outline potential future research directions.
Victor Takashi Hayashi, Renato Penha, Gabriela de Morais da Silva, Lucas de Britto Vieira · 8 authors
Uma solução foi proposta para criar pools de seguros mútuos eficientes, baratos e seguros na Blockchain Ethereum para uma startup de seguros localizada em São Paulo (SP), Brasil. Os grupos são formados por pessoas que se unem para proteger contra riscos predeterminados e são autoadministrados até certo ponto. Os resultados mostram que a administração do grupo é realizada por meio de contratos inteligentes que executam automaticamente as condições acordadas pelas partes. Todas as regras de negócios e reservas financeiras são mantidas no contrato inteligente. Os usuários interagem com o sistema em uma aplicação web que utiliza uma API Web3, que possui uma área de cliente e uma área de seguros P2P para gestão de novos grupos e atuação no processo de indenização. Os resultados mostraram que os smart contracts foram acionados automaticamente quando as condições predefinidas foram atendidas, eliminando a necessidade de intervenção humana e minimizando erros e fraudes, além de melhorar na administração e na satisfação dos grupos de seguros.
El presente artículo analiza el concepto de metaverso y su relación con los nuevos modelos de monetización digital derivados de tecnologías emergentes como blockchain, criptomonedas, NFT, Web3 y marketplaces descentralizados. La investigación aborda el impacto de estos entornos virtuales en las dinámicas de interacción entre marcas y consumidores, especialmente dentro de la industria de la moda urbana y las culturas digitales contemporáneas. Asimismo, se examinan las posibilidades de comercialización, autenticidad digital y construcción de comunidades virtuales a partir de economías descentralizadas y activos digitales. El estudio propone una aproximación conceptual al metaverso como escenario de innovación tecnológica y transformación de los modelos de negocio digitales.
The secure management and sale of digital assets has become a critical problem in an increasingly digitized environment. This project intends to address this issue by creating decentralized applications (dApps) that use blockchain technology to provide secure and efficient digital asset management, with a focus on NFTs. The NFT marketplace includes secure wallet connections, NFT image creation, minting, the marketplace, and profile management. Solidity-based smart contracts are utilized to create the NFT Marketplace back end, and IPFS is used for storage. The NFT Marketplace's front-end development uses React JSX and the web3js framework, allowing developers to connect to the Ethereum network. NFT Marketplace may assist creators in selling their art through a smart contract system, in which the artwork's ownership transfers to the new owner upon submission of a digital certificate.
During the COVID-19 outbreak, due to the lockdown, all museums and galleries were closed for more than a year. So, the buying and selling of physical arts have dropped. This project aims to overcome this challenge by developing a decentralized application called Decentralized NFT Exchange. The decentralized non-fungible token (NFT)exchange includes features such as secure wallet connections, NFT creations, buying, selling, and profile management. The back-end of the decentralized NFT exchange is implemented using Solidity-based smart contracts, while InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)is used for decentralized storage. Front-end development of decentralized NFT exchange is implemented using React JSX and framework web3.js that helps developers connect to the Ethereum network. Decentralized NFT can help art creators sell their artworks using a smart contract system where the ownership of the work will become the property of the new owner with proof of a digital certificate. The project demonstrates the practical application of blockchain technology in developing decentralized applications (DApps)for secure and decentralized digital asset management. Overall, Decentralized NFT might be a solution for the copyright of work in the future and the project contributes to secure and decentralized digital asset management
This article explores affiliate marketing integration with AI and Web3 technologies, providing a comprehensive analysis of their individual and combined potential to revolutionize the digital marketing landscape. Starting with defining the core components, the article sets a foundation for understanding how AI and Web3 can synergistically enhance affiliate marketing strategies. The paper proceeds with a detailed overview of traditional affiliate marketing models, highlighting their evolution in response to technological advances and changing market dynamics. The article further examines the global landscape of affiliate marketing, presenting current statistics and trends that underscore its economic significance. A focused discussion on AI technologies pertinent to affiliate marketing reveals how machine learning, natural language processing, and predictive analytics can optimize performance and decision-making processes. The role of Web3 is examined by its ability to introduce decentralized, transparent, and secure elements into affiliate marketing, suggesting a shift towards more user-centric models. Finally, the potential of combining AI with Web3 is discussed, illustrating how this convergence can lead to innovative marketing strategies that are more effective and uphold higher standards of integrity. This synthesis aims to illuminate how modern technologies can be harnessed to foster a new digital marketing era.
Abstract In Web3 social platforms, i.e. social web applications that rely on blockchain technology to support their functionalities, interactions among users are usually multimodal, from common social interactions such as following, liking, or posting, to specific relations given by crypto-token transfers facilitated by the blockchain. In this dynamic and intertwined networked context, modeled as a financial network, our main goals are (i) to predict whether a pair of users will be involved in a financial transaction, i.e. the transaction prediction task , even using textual information produced by users, and (ii) to verify whether performances may be enhanced by textual content. To address the above issues, we compared current snapshot-based temporal graph learning methods and developed T3GNN, a solution based on state-of-the-art temporal graph neural networks’ design, which integrates fine-tuned sentence embeddings and a simple yet effective graph-augmentation strategy for representing content, and historical negative sampling. We evaluated models in a Web3 context by leveraging a novel high-resolution temporal dataset, collected from one of the most used Web3 social platforms, which spans more than one year of financial interactions as well as published textual content. The experimental evaluation has shown that T3GNN consistently achieved the best performance over time and for most of the snapshots. Furthermore, through an extensive analysis of the performance of our model, we show that, despite the graph structure being crucial for making predictions, textual content contains useful information for forecasting transactions, highlighting an interplay between users’ interests and economic relationships in Web3 platforms. Finally, the evaluation has also highlighted the importance of adopting sampling methods alternative to random negative sampling when dealing with prediction tasks on temporal networks.
Although hardware trojans impose a relevant threat to the hardware security of RISC-V and Web3 applications, existing datasets have a limited set of examples, as the most famous hardware trojan dataset TrustHub has 106 different trojans. RISC-V specifically has study cases of three and four different hardware trojans, and no research was found regarding Web3 hardware trojans in modules such as a hardware wallet. This research presents a dataset of 290 Verilog examples generated with ChatGPT-4 Large Language Model (LLM) based on 29 golden models and the TrustHub taxonomy. It is expected that this dataset supports future research endeavors regarding defense mechanisms against hardware trojans in RISC-V, hardware wallet, and hardware Proof of Work (PoW) miner.
Open access
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security
Nikolai Abramov, Havana Lankegowda, Shunwei Liu, Luigi Barazzetti · 6 authors
This paper explores participatory design methods for the interconnection of digital recording techniques, like digital photogrammetry and Gaussian splatting, with emerging domains such as the metaverse and blockchain technology. The focus lies in community engagement and the economic growth of urban and rural areas through blockchain integration, utilizing low-cost digitalization methods to create Web3 environments mirroring real settlements. Through a case study of an Italian village, the potential of participatory design and community-led development strategies in revitalizing neglected areas are explored, and the use of low-cost drone-based photogrammetry and Gaussian splatting in digitization are compared, highlighting their advantages and drawbacks considering the aim of this work, i.e., the creation of an interactive metaverse space. Ultimately, the study underscores the transformative role of digital technologies in reshaping design processes and fostering community development through a workflow, stressing collaborative decision-making and blockchain-driven economy, manufacturing, and maintenance through self-ownership models and performance-based smart contracts.
N B Bertorello, F Minin, Sharon Viscardi, Constanza Rodríguez Junyent
INTRODUCCIÓN: Los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible nos invita a cuidar el planeta y asegurar la prosperidad para todos. Frente a los cambiantes patrones de producción y consumo en torno al agua, energía y alimentos, resulta de gran interés estudiar la disponibilidad alimentaria, con el fin de implementar acciones que lleven a garantizar las necesidades de la población, permitiendo el desarrollo sustentable sin comprometer las generaciones futuras1,2. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la proporción de alimentos de origen vegetal (AOV) en relación al suministro total de energía para Argentina, Chile y Uruguay e inspeccionar su evolución en los últimos 60 años. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, longitudinal. La proporción de AOV en la disponibilidad total de energía se consideró como el suministro de energía (kcal/persona/día) de los siguientes grupos de alimentos: cereales, tubérculos, legumbres, frutas, verduras, aceites, semillas, frutas secas y azúcar (excepto miel). Dicha información se extrajo de las Hojas de Balance de Alimentos (HBA), instrumento diseñado y elaborado por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO), a partir de información estadística confiable disponible desde su sitio web3. Se consideró el período de 1961, 1990 y 2020 de las HBA para Argentina, Chile y Uruguay. Se tomaron estos años como referencia por la existencia de información proveniente de estos años y tomando ciclos de 30 años para evaluar posibles cambios en la disponibilidad alimentaria. CONSIDERACIONES ÉTICAS: los datos fueron extraídos de fuentes secundarias, todas las bases de datos son de dominio público y no requiere evaluación de comité de ética. RESULTADOS: El suministro de energía promedio durante el 2020 en los tres países fue 3232 ±95,1 Kcal/persona/día. En relación a la proporción de energía proveniente de AOV, fue mayor en Chile y Uruguay (68%), mientras que Argentina presentó un porcentaje menor (65,1%). El grupo de los cereales fue el que aportó la mayor cantidad de energía de AOV. La contribución de AOV a la energía total, aumentó en Uruguay y en Argentina, 14,5% y 2,8% respectivamente y disminuyó en Chile 9,6% entre 1961 y 2020. CONCLUSIONES: Si bien se evidenciaría algún incremento de disponibilidad de AOV principalmente en Uruguay, se requiere continuar trabajando en nuevas estrategias que garanticen la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional y permitan la conservación de recursos naturales.
Abstract This paper is an encounter between an artist creating characters for video games and an academic studying how people and things are being financialized. Exchanging about the appearance of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and cryptocurrencies – technologies associated with Web3 in the video game industry, the academic, and the artist reflect on the place of playfulness, creation, and finance in our society. They observe that most North American and European players resisted NFTs and cryptocurrencies, while more Asian-Pacific ones embraced the latter. They conclude that those reactions were explained by the fact that gamers perceived cryptocurrencies and NFTs as institutional objects associated with a financial logic, whose presence threatened the gaming logic. As pragmatic friends, they nevertheless issued an NFT with this paper, a “Crow Queen.” Time will tell if the Web3 society will praise this new form of digital joint academic/art production.
Warmayana I Gede Agus Krisna, Koki Hayashida, Hiroki Minegoshi, Nobuto Oka
To effectively utilize globally distributed materials data, we developed a prototype decentralized materials data management system. The secure, transparent, and efficient management of materials data was achieved using blockchain technology, smart contracts, non-fungible tokens (NFT), and interplanetary file system (IPFS) in Web3. The effectiveness of the prototype was also discussed in the case studies using performance data on materials used in environmental purification and rechargeable batteries.
Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) are relatively a newly emerging type of online entity related to governance or business models where all their members work together and participate in the decision-making processes affecting the DAO in a decentralized, collective, fair, and democratic manner. In a DAO, members interaction is mediated by software agents running on a blockchain that encode the governance of the specific entity in terms of rules that optimize their business and goals. In this context, most popular DAO software frameworks provide decision-making models aiming to facilitate digital governance and the collaboration among their members intertwining social and economic concerns. However, these models are complex, not interoperable among them and lack a common understanding and shared knowledge concerning DAOs, as well as the computational semantics needed to enable automated validation, simulation or execution. Thus, this paper presents an ontology (Web3-DAO), which can support machine-readable digital governance of DAOs adding semantics to their decision-making models. The proposed ontology captures the domain logic that allows the sharing of updated information and decisions for all the members that interact with a DAO by the interoperability of their own assessment and decision tools. Furthermore, the ontology detects semantic ambiguities, uncertainties and contradictions. The Web3-DAO ontology is available in open access at https://github.com/Grasia/semantic-web3-dao.
Eduardo Jorge Lira Antunes da Silva, Cristina Souza de Araújo, Jucimar Maia da Silva, Roberto Junio Rodrigues Gomes · 7 authors
The development of software aligned with Web3 innovations is essential to stimulate discussions on the application of these technologies in the scientific realm. This study presents the development of a 'cryptogame,' a game that integrates blockchain technology to incorporate Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) into its functionalities. The paper explores fundamental Web3 concepts, with references to relevant literature, and details the development process, including the methodologies and models adopted. As a result, a puzzle game was created that utilizes NFTs as playable characters, allowing for the transfer of these assets between digital wallets. Furthermore, the study investigates the application of these concepts in adapting a traditional mobile game for the use of NFTs, demonstrating the necessary changes in user interface and game mechanics to support the integration with digital assets.
Tesserart is a pioneering portal offering a tool-based web3 infrastructure designed to evolve with rapid technological advancements in the digital art space. Its goal is to simplify the processes of creation, curation, and collection of digital art and events, providing community-driven tools and innovations. Committed to enhancing accessibility and versatility, we aim to be the Swiss Army knife of the digital art ecosystem. Tesserart facilitates the digitalization and accessibility of digital artworks through blockchain technology, extending global reach and opening new revenue streams. It provides comprehensive tools for digital and physical event experiences, including live artwork minting and selling, ticketing, curation, and the use of community tokens for engagement and rewards. Our business model capitalizes on transaction fees and royalties from art sales, along with partnerships with digital art marketplaces and cultural organizations. Tesserart aims to redefine digital art engagement and collectability, making it more accessible, innovative, and experience-based
Xolminds is a web3 based self improvement platform that seeks to support people in reimagining their lives, recreating themselves and coping with mental health issues and challenges.
The emergence of Web3, underpinned by blockchain technology, has reshaped the digital realm, ushering in a decentralized and trustless internet paradigm. In this paper, we conduct an extensive analysis of the Web3 job market, leveraging data from 2000 job postings to delineate prevalent keywords, sought-after skills, prevalent job titles, and salary determinants. Our examination reveals compelling insights into the job landscape, showcasing the dominance of technical competencies such as Ethereum proficiency and software development expertise. Among the top skills sought by employers, Ethereum (371 occurrences), React (213 occurrences), NFT (213 occurrences), Java (205 occurrences), and Rust (102 occurrences) prominently feature. Moreover, our analysis uncovers the ascendancy of specialized roles in cybersecurity, technical leadership, and project management, which command premium compensation levels. Notably, security positions emerged as the highest paying roles (average salary: $153,295.86), followed by tech lead (average salary: $121,526.32) and operations (average salary: $120,396.55). These findings offer valuable insights for job seekers, employers, educators, and policymakers navigating the evolving Web3 job landscape. By delineating key trends and challenges, our study contributes to a nuanced understanding of the transformative potential of Web3 and its implications for the future of work.
As the field of Web3 continues its rapid expansion, the security of Web3 authentication, often the gateway to various Web3 applications, becomes increasingly crucial. Despite its widespread use as a login method by numerous Web3 applications, the security risks of Web3 authentication have not received much attention. This paper investigates the vulnerabilities in the Web3 authentication process and proposes a new type of attack, dubbed blind message attacks. In blind message attacks, attackers trick users into blindly signing messages from target applications by exploiting users' inability to verify the source of messages, thereby achieving unauthorized access to the target application. We have developed Web3AuthChecker, a dynamic detection tool that interacts with Web3 authentication-related APIs to identify vulnerabilities. Our evaluation of real-world Web3 applications shows that a staggering 75.8% (22/29) of Web3 authentication deployments are at risk of blind message attacks. In response to this alarming situation, we implemented Web3AuthGuard on the open-source wallet MetaMask to alert users of potential attacks. Our evaluation results show that Web3AuthGuard can successfully raise alerts in 80% of the tested Web3 authentications. We have responsibly reported our findings to vulnerable websites and have been assigned two CVE IDs.
Septovan Dwi Suputra Saian, Irwan Sembiring, Daniel Manongga
The Indonesian population reached 270,20 million in 2020. Each resident is equipped with various secret identities. The COVID-19 pandemic has made all activities use technology as a basis, causing residents' identities to be stored digitally. Some applications that keep these identities experience data leaks. However, with the advent of Web3 and its emphasis on decentralization through blockchain, a new era of secure data management is possible. Blockchain, with its inherent security features, ensures that data stored is secure, difficult to damage or lose due to mutual consensus. Every transaction is recorded, making it easy to carry out the audit process. Therefore, this research will design and implement prototype dApps for secure population management, leveraging the superior security of blockchain technology. The initial stage of research is to conduct a literature study. Furthermore, it is to create designs such as system, infrastructure, and activity diagrams. Then do the development of the dApps prototype. The last is testing using OWASP ZAP and cost analysis. A dApps prototype was implemented on a blockchain. Every transaction is recorded and publicly viewable through the Etherscan platform. Other data stored on a blockchain have gone through an AES-256 encryption process with the data owner's account key so that the owner can only see the data. The results of the tests performed show that there is no high-level warning. The cost analysis results show that the most used costs are when deploying smart contracts and making new data. For further development, it is implementing permissionless blockchain and multi-accounts.
Wenrui Zuo, Raúl J. Mondragón, Aravindh Raman, Gareth Tyson
There have been numerous recent attempts to “decentralize” social media platforms, loosely referred to as Web3. Such ideas, often underpinned by blockchain solutions, offer decentralized equivalents of well-known services (e.g., forums, social networks, video sharing sites, microblogs). One particularly challenging function to implement in such a design is content moderation, due to the lack of central control. Consequently, they often rely on user-controlled moderation, whereby each user must create their own personal block list to filter out content they do not wish to see. This paper presents a first study of user-controlled moderation on one exemplar Web3 social microblogging platform called memo.cash. Based on a dataset covering 391K posts, we study the factors that lead users to “mute” each other. We find that the most crucial factor is the platform action count, rather than the presence of things like hate speech. We also show that the followership network plays a pivotal role in determining their visibility on the platform, further influencing their muting behavior. This leads us to design tooling to automate the muting process on a per-user basis. We model this as a recommendation problem, and experiment with a number of state-of-the-art recommender engines. We show that our system can generate effective personalized mute lists for users.
The BlockSupply project is a pioneering initiative that seeks to redefine supply chain management by leveraging blockchain technology to ensure real-time monitoring of product movements and enhance transparency, security, and traceability. The software offers key functionalities such as creating a private blockchain network, integrating tracking sensors for real-time data collection, secure recording of product data, user authentication, authorization management, and alerts for abnormal events. It is developed using technologies like Web3.js, React.js, Solidity, Ganache, and GitHub, which are integrated into the project’s architecture to create an efficient and secure blockchain-based supply chain solution. Furthermore, the project’s impact is expected to be significant, contributing to scientific advancements in secure and efficient supply chain operations and reshaping the landscape of logistics traceability. As the software gains traction in real-world scenarios, its transformative influence on data reliability, security, and operational efficiency in supply chain research is poised to be showcased in publications. • Blockchain boosts real-time supply monitoring and security. • Utilizes Web3.js, React.js, and Solidity for robust system. • Mitigates fraud and errors in supply chain management. • Streamlines inventory via advanced tracking and sensors. • Open-source, enhances operational efficiency significantly.
Abstract: The advancement of Web3 and blockchain is happening rapidly in various fields, including healthcare, social services, and electronic voting. Blockchain technology is being used by crowdfunding platforms to combine its benefits of speed and low fees with traditional finance, creating a new way of raising money. By integrating Reacts user-friendly interface, Solidity smart contracts, Meta-Mask wallet integration and Hardhat development and testing capabilities, it forms a versatile and secure platform. This project aims to find out how much money is missing in the current crowdfunding market and offer them smart contracts and tools that use Ethereum to create their own application businesses. Hybrid Model Platform is a ThirdWeb tool that allows for easy and flexible scaling and visibility. this new crowdfunding app is a major leap in fundraising, fulfilling numerous customer requirements and poised to revolutionize crowdfunding with its fresh and inventive strategy.