As technical service provider, non-fungible token (NFT) digital work trading platforms directly gain economic benefits from transactions, and thus the platform should assume higher prior censorship obligation, bounded by the obligations due to a good administrator.When NFT digital work trading platforms bear the liability for calling off infringement, in case of failing to delete the infringing works on the blockchains, and punching the address blackhole may damage the bona fide trading counterparty; the system of "infringement without bearing the liability for stopping infringement" can be introduced to balance the interests of all parties.
Exorbitant costs and extensive lead times are key concerns for transboundary payments. Transboundary deals face greater development challenges than domestic payment systems since they require a high degree of trust and include currency conversion. In this context, blockchain can successfully establish new cross-border payment services and promote cross-border commerce by employing a distributed public ledger that integrates public key encryption and peer-to-peer technology. Blockchain has got two key characteristics: distributed consensus and anonymity. By eliminating intermediaries between third-party finance agencies, it not only allows for instant payments around the clock but also contributes to mitigating the exposure to transboundary capital flows and meeting consumer needs for expedient transboundary payments and clearing services. This paper argues that while blockchain technology eliminates problems and presents effective strategies for conventional transboundary payments, it also raises many legislative and regulative issues for China. As the law itself is not yet mature, especially given the changes in international payments in the wake of the epidemic, it is worthwhile to explore the operating rationale and regulation obstacles of blockchain to the maximization of profits and minimization of risks in transborder payments by leveraging its inimitable strengths.
Blockchain provides IoT security and privacy in all industries including manufacturing, finance, healthcare, supply chain, e-governance, education, banking, and trading through decentralization, persistency, anonymity, and auditability characteristics. This paper presents the blockchain technology assimilating with other data security technologies to design a blockchain based data sharing system. Based on the design the network architecture of data sharing system, we test and analyze various processes in data sharing. To test the function and security of the system, we have built a test environment with data sharing system consisting of three blockchain nodes, four data participant nodes (three data users, one data provider), and a data-sharing system composed of CA. We developed Base App as an application provided by the data user, including addition, deletion, check modification of data in the application code for data sharing. We simulated an experiment related scenario, and then we wrote a program to generate the vehicle information data and import it into MySQL for storage. The paper has found some valuable results of functional test, system test, safety test, and performance test of the data sharing system. This system realizes the possibility of a system that can connect multiple participants and their corresponding data.
For the traditional financial industry, blockchain technology has brought an unprecedented revolution. In recent years, blockchain technology has become one of the most important research directions of financial technology in commercial banks in China. The application of blockchain technology in commercial banks can help optimize payment and settlement system, improve credit risk management and control mode, improve the operation efficiency of the middle and back office, and develop smart finance. At the same time, blockchain technology brings many challenges. Based on the introduction of the evolution and characteristics of blockchain, this paper analyzes the necessity of the application of blockchain technology in China's commercial banks, puts forward the policy advices of the application of blockchain in commercial banks.
This article is based on the security, traceability, immutability and transparency of blockchain technology, aiming at the pain points of information asymmetry, financing difficulties, expensive financing, and weak supervision in the development of supply chain finance, to study how to use the core technologies of distributed ledgers, peer-to-peer transmission, associated credit, and smart contracts in blockchain technology to empower supply chain finance, expand the scope of blockchain technology, and provide technical support for the supply chain financial model. Strategic cooperation system to conduct innovative research on the combination of supply chain finance and blockchain technology.
As an important part of China's national economy, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in promoting China's economic growth, expanding jobs and increasing national tax revenue. However, due to the small scale of SMEs, low level of credit, lack of collateral, they are often plagued by narrow financing channels, financing difficulties and expensive financing, so a new technology is urgently needed to solve the current financing plight of SMEs. In recent years, block chain technology has attracted wide attention worldwide due to its decentralized and trustfree technical mechanism, and has become another new thing that can be popularized and applied on a global scale after the Internet. In this paper, "block chain" and "finance" are perfectly combined, aiming to use the properties of decentralization, immutability and traceability of block chain technology to improve the credit level of small and medium-sized enterprises and expand their financing channels. It is expected to effectively solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, promote the sustainable and healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and make greater contributions to the national economic growth.
Bitcoin is considered a cryptocurrency and a digital currency, the two most notable characteristics are decentralization and anonymity. Bitcoin has a variety of properties. It could play not only the currency function but also have certain commodity property. To some extent, it can also be seen as an alternative investment option. The price of Bitcoin has stayed at a high level since 2021, but with greater volatility and more obvious amplitude than before. With the risk and potential problems of Bitcoin, the possibility of whether Bitcoin would lead to a big bubble in the financial market has increased. Although the legal status of Bitcoin is varying and having unclear or constantly changing definitions in different countries, the government is strengthening supervision and regulation over digital currency and planning to issue state-controlled currency, which would narrow the space for Bitcoin. Therefore, the possibility that Bitcoin will end up in a bubble is growing. At the same time, it is becoming increasingly clear that Bitcoin would not eventually gain legal tender status, driven by a combination of government denial and a lack of real value.
The traditional offline review model of grid projects has the problems of high cost, high risk and low efficiency, making the project review insecure and inefficient. What is worse, the review data of a grid project are generally stored in a central database, which is vulnerable to attacks and not highly trustable. To solve the problems, this paper proposes a ring signature trust model based on smart contract, an important blockchain technology, for project review. The blockchain technology was introduced to build an online review platform for grid projects, greatly saving human and financial resources. Then, the consensus efficiency was improved with a trust-based node consensus mechanism. Besides, the ring signature was integrated with smart contract to allow review experts to submit their results anonymously, ensuring the fairness and impartiality of grid project review. On this basis, an efficient review system was established for grid projects, and a secure review environment was created, so that the review results will not be tampered with. The case analysis proves that the proposed method can effectively solve the problems of traditional grid project review, making the review system more secure and efficient. The research findings provide decision and theoretical supports for grid project review.
Research trends in studies of local governments in Japan have been analysed quantitatively using text-mining methods on approximately 35 years of article titles from the Journal of Urban Management and Local Government Research, from its first issue (1985) to the vol. 35, no. 1 (2020). Co-occurrence network analysis and correspondence analysis were conducted to determine the changes in research interests during the target period. Substantially more research on accounting, finance, management, and reform was seen in the target journal after 1980. The extracted words prefecture, city, case, evaluation, and analysis show the features of local government studies in Japan after the enactment of decentralization reforms in March 2000. The author interprets the first dimension of the configuration figures of correspondence analysis as an axis of accounting and time; the second dimension concerns financial accountability; and the third dimension concerns public enterprise. The publisher association of the journal has a large number of members who specialise in accounting and local finance, including certified public accountants and tax accountants, and the characteristics of such a membership structure are reflected in these results.
Abstract Blockchain is the systematic integration innovation of distributed accounting, consensus mechanisms, point-to-point transmission, encryption algorithms, intelligent contracts and other technologies, providing a solution for information security and social trust in the Information Age. The principles, characteristics and deep thinking of Blockchain technology can promote thinking innovation and solve the existing obstacles, including the weak effectiveness of education activities, the burnout of education subjects and the lack of mutual trust in the field of ideological and political education. This paper focuses on analyzing the expanded application of Blockchain theory in ideological and political education. The fit of blockchain technology application of educational thinking innovation and value orientation is 0.928; there is a linear relationship, and after applying blockchain technology for one year, the difference between the students’ thinking tendencies and the six aspects of their performance, except for the desire for knowledge, is statistically significant (P<0.5) when compared with the situation of the students one year ago. In addition, it is emphasized that we should build Learn Ledger, promote the participation degree of education subjects, establish a new interactive trust mechanism and intensify endogenous incentives to promote the deep transformation of ideological and political education, enhance the effectiveness of educational content, expand the participation in educational activities, and strengthen the multi-subject trust-relationship reconstruction of ideological and political education.
Agriculture of China is a typical agricultural system of small producer and large market. Producers are too scattered. Agricultural foundation remains weak in the vast rural areas, especially poverty-stricken areas. All of the above have built up a hedge for the high input of information industry and been a serious impediment to agricultural informationalization. As the underlying technology of electronic tokens, blockchain has become the current research hotspot, and been applied in finance, logistics, electronic commerce, information traceability and so on. Blockchain is a distributed storage and computation system, which is decentralized, so it is highly compatible with the distributed economic system. It will be a comprehensive solution to the agricultural status that is "scattered, small and weak". The book China Blockchain Technology and Application Development Whitepaper 2016 gives guidance suggestions for the application of blockchain in different industries including agriculture. This article is proposed by combining the specific status of Chinese agriculture and the technical characteristics of the block chain. Blockchain will play a very important rule in information gathering, resource integrating, profits sharing and backtracking information. Framework of blockchain for agricultural product with 7 levels of information gathering layer, data layer, network layer, consensus layer, excitation layer, contract layer and application layer was designed based on generalized blockchain according to actual situation of agriculture in China. The function of information gathering layer and data layer weve used to storage encrypted information that is acquired by IoT node in a distributed way. The Network layer was designed with a semi-distributed topological structure based on the original Peer-to-Peer distributed network structure in the blockchain by adding the supper notes. In the consensus layer, the DPOS was implied install of POW, therefore, there is no need for intensive computing. Due to the use of smart contact in the contract layer, transactions can be completed automatically in the absence of intermediaries. Furthermore, members of the Blockchain Union can also get repay by participating in the consensus with the smart contracts. The application layer was designed to provide the interface for application of government, bank, enterprise, producer and consumers. This framework can provide flexible mechanism of distributed storage, complete information consensus system, reliable information tamper-proof function and practical incentive reward measures. Subsequently, the above functions have been explained in the agricultural products quality safety traceability and application for the agricultural product market information transparency in more detail. However, the application of block chain in the field of agriculture is still in the stage of exploration, the technology is far from mature, and still need to be perfected in the process of application gradually.
With the vigorous development of blockchain technology represented by Bitcoin, blockchain technology has gradually surpassed the era of programmable currency and entered the era of smart contracts. Smart contracts are event- driven and stateful. With the in-depth development of blockchain technology, smart contracts use protocols and user interfaces to complete all steps of the contract process, allowing users to implement personalized code logic on the blockchain. Contract technology has the characteristics of decentralization, autonomy, observability, verifiability, and information sharing. It can effectively build programmable finance and programmable society, and is widely used in digital payment, financial asset disposal, multi-signature contracts, cloud computing, Internet of Things, sharing economy and other fields. First, it explains the basic concepts, full life cycle, basic classification, basic structure, key technologies, development status and main technology platforms of smart contracts; then discusses the application scenarios and development issues of smart contract technology, aiming to provide smart contract technology. The research and development provides reference.
Rural planning is perceived as a spatial planning centered on the human settlements and there are many activities for rural reconstruction and researches conducted from the perspective of active intervention, with fewer studies regarding the village as the main body for the establishment of self-built system. And the other-organization built by the rural areas is strongly oriented. In Asian countries like China, South Korea and Japan, there are farming traditions, in which the familial and small-scale farmland holding and agricultural production mode are deep-rooted. Traditional agriculture and rural areas are not fundamentally changed by industrialization and modernization process. And the small-scale peasant in the East is marked by the decentralized possession of farmland and management in the rural areas and a large number of farmers to be remained. But the rural population keeps decreasing. After analyzing the status quo of human settlements in China, Korea and Japan, the paper makes an analysis from the different ways of thinking and professional perspective and focuses on putting forward the solutions to the problems on macro level, with the feasibility of the practical significance and the landing researches still staying in the testing stage. In the context of increasingly missing regional and contextual features, the launching and researches of "co-constructed community" as the folk protection way to emerging rural heritage are just started, and the researches on rural construction in Northeast China from the perspective of catalyst are absent. The contact agent with the catalytic action mechanism of seeing big things through small ones fits the rural areas marked by vast territory and diversified aspect, which is applicable to the bottom-up operation mechanism autonomously built by the villagers.
Although the smart contract as the new product in the era of block chain contract shall not be only limited to the property-related agreements stipulated by the Contract Law of People's Republic of China, the Chinese contract provisions shall be perfected accordingly due to its contract attribute. In order to promote the formation and validity of the smart contract, the full capacity requirements for civil conduct of the parties to the property-related contract as well as the formulation of "Withdrawal Provisions" and the connotation of social public interests shall attract legislators' attention. But in view of two major features of smart contract, on the one hand, the legislators shall consider distinguishing the remedies of continuous contract and instant contract; on the other hand, the legislators shall perfect the remedy system for the "Alteration" of smart contracts in the process of waiting for verification.