Penelitian ini membahas kedudukan cryptocurrency dalam sistem hukum perdata Indonesia. Cryptocurrency adalah aset digital yang tidak berwujud namun memiliki nilai ekonomi dan dapat dialihkan. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai pengakuannya sebagai benda dalam KUH Perdata. Sistem hukum Indonesia masih mendasarkan konsep benda pada bentuk fisik, sehingga belum mampu menjangkau keberadaan aset digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, konseptual, dan komparatif untuk menelaah hal tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kekosongan hukum yang menghambat kepastian dan perlindungan hukum bagi pemilik cryptocurrency. Selain itu, belum terdapat mekanisme pembuktian kepemilikan dan penyelesaian sengketa yang efektif. Negara-negara seperti Jepang, Singapura, dan Uni Eropa telah lebih dahulu mengatur secara jelas aset digital ini. Oleh karena itu, pembaruan hukum perdata Indonesia sangat diperlukan untuk mengakomodasi perkembangan teknologi digital.
The swift advancement of blockchain technology has introduced a transformative innovation known as smart contracts, which are self-enforcing, unchangeable computer programs for agreements. While these contracts offer benefits like efficiency and openness, their inherent qualities present major hurdles for protecting consumers, especially from the risk of inequitable terms being included. This study aims to deeply investigate the strengths and weaknesses of current Indonesian law in offering legal safeguards to consumers who use smart contracts for their transactions. Utilizing a normative juridical methodology with a statutory and conceptual framework, the research reveals several key findings. First, the essential features of smart contracts, most notably their unchangeable and self-enforcing nature, are in direct opposition to the adaptable and justice-focused principles of Indonesian contract law, like the doctrine of good faith. Second, although a foundational level of protection is offered by the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata), the Consumer Protection Law (UUPK), and the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE), substantial legal vacuums and difficult enforcement problems persist. Third, the research pinpoints specific ways unfair clauses appear as functions within the code and confirms that applying a purposeful interpretation of current legislation can help lessen their negative effects. In conclusion, this paper asserts the pressing requirement for creating specific legal rules and bolstering institutional supervision, especially by the Financial Services Authority (OJK), to ensure that consumer rights remain protected amidst the evolution of contractual technology.
The development of digital technology has encouraged the use of smart contracts as an instrument for automating agreements in Blockchain-based electronic transactions. In the context of Indonesian law, the validity of a smart contract must meet the legal requirements for an agreement, as regulated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code, which includes the agreement between the parties, legal capacity, a transparent object of the agreement, and lawful causes. Additionally, data verification in smart contracts is a key element in guaranteeing the security, authenticity, and transparency of e-commerce transactions, which is related to the provisions in the ITE Law and the PDP Law. This verification aims to prevent data manipulation, reduce the risk of fraud, and increase trust in transactions by using encryption technology, digital signatures, and Blockchain-based identity. Smart contracts can be considered valid if they fulfill the terms of the agreement and data security principles, making their use in e-commerce more effective and reliable.
David Hardiago, Rani Fadhila Syafrinaldi, Syafrinaldi, M. Musa · 5 authors
The advancement of science and technology continues to accelerate. Internet and its supporting technology became the backbone for many activities. This kind of advancement goes beyond territorial boundaries and human’s intelligence. This phenomenon triggers a new crime model. One of them is a crime related to the existence of Cryptocurrency such as money laundering, terrorism financing, and other forms of crime. This is understood given that Cryptocurrency give rise to large number of crimes as well as the emergence of a new modus operandi in several criminal acts. This is further supported by the lack of current Indonesian regulations that do not specifically accommodate the Cryptocurrency mechanism. The main issues raised in this study are related to how crimes and new modus operandi are caused by the Cryptocurrency mechanism against Indonesian criminal law, as well as how the mechanism of crime prevention and handling caused by the Cryptocurrency mechanism through the means of penal policy, covering targeted legislative amendments, specialised investigative units, prosecutorial guidelines, and asset-seizure procedures—to prevent and combat such crimes. This article uses normative method to answer the problem through comparative approach, case approach, literary approach and statutory approach. Initial hypotheses proposed to address these problems are: First, Cryptocurrency as a financial transaction mechanism that relies on the computational system with anonymous transactions opens a great opportunity for crime in the mechanism of the transaction. Second, the establishment of new rules in order prevent and combat crime and the modus operandi caused by the Cryptocurrency mechanism through the mechanism of penal policy are essential.
Studi ini bertujuan untuk memetakan perkembangan dan tren riset global mengenai Non-Fungible Token (NFT) melalui pendekatan bibliometrik menggunakan data dari basis Scopus dan visualisasi VOSviewer. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa riset NFT mengalami peningkatan signifikan sejak 2020, dengan dominasi tema seperti smart contract, digital assets, dan blockchain. India, Tiongkok, dan Inggris tercatat sebagai kontributor utama literatur NFT global. Analisis kata kunci mengungkap transisi tematik dari fokus seni digital menuju bidang teknologi informasi, keamanan siber, dan data kesehatan. Visualisasi temporal dan densitas mengindikasikan bahwa topik-topik baru seperti cybersecurity, interplanetary file system, dan electronic health record menjadi pusat perhatian terkini dalam literatur NFT. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam memahami struktur, aktor, dan arah perkembangan penelitian NFT, serta menawarkan rekomendasi strategis bagi peneliti dan pengambil kebijakan untuk mengembangkan riset NFT yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan.
Di tengah pesatnya pertumbuhan teknologi digital dan Artificial Intelligence (AI), pencurian karya digital menjadi ancaman nyata yang meresahkan para kreator. Hal ini tidak hanya mengancam hak ekonomi, tetapi juga merusak integritas ekosistem kreatif. Penelitian ini menawarkan solusi inovatif: integrasi Non-Fungible Token (NFT) dan smart contract untuk perlindungan hak cipta di era digital. Dengan mengumpulkan 150 data dari platform media sosial X menggunakan metode web crawling dan analisis labeling, ditemukan bahwa mayoritas publik mendukung upaya perlindungan karya digital. Studi ini kemudian mensimulasikan pembuatan NFT dan implementasi smart contract di blockchain Polygon melalui OpenSea, membuktikan bahwa pencatatan kepemilikan berbasis teknologi dapat menghadirkan sistem perlindungan yang otomatis, transparan, dan tahan manipulasi. Hasil ini tidak hanya membangun jalur baru perlindungan hak cipta yang lebih adil dan efisien, tetapi juga menegaskan pentingnya adaptasi hukum di dunia digital. Temuan ini membuka cakrawala baru bagaimana teknologi blockchain dapat menjadi benteng pertahanan kreator di tengah dinamika digital yang terus berubah.
Kevin Darmawan, Lastuti Abubakar, Tri Handayani, Dewi Kania Sugiharti
The development of financial technology has driven the emergence of digital assets such as Bitcoin, which challenge the conventional legal framework of property law. Although not recognized as legal tender, Bitcoin has been acknowledged as a legal asset by Indonesia's Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency (Bappebti). This study aims to examine the legal status of Bitcoin as collateral in Indonesia’s property law framework, as well as assess the adequacy of current regulations in accommodating this function. This research employs a normative juridical method with a qualitative approach and deductive reasoning. The findings indicate that Bitcoin fulfills the legal criteria of an intangible object and, in theory, can be used as an object of fiduciary security. However, the absence of explicit legal recognition and a digitally integrated collateral registration system has led to legal uncertainty. Although regulations in Indonesia have provided a degree of legality and oversight, systemic institutional integration remains lacking. Therefore, legal reform is needed in the area of digital asset-based collateral, along with the establishment of a comprehensive administrative registration system to ensure the validity of security interests in digital assets.
Non-Fungible Token (NFT) merupakan salah satu inovasi dalam dunia ekonomi berupa aset digital yang memiliki keunikan dalam aspek identitas dan kepemilikan yang menggunakan teknologi blockchain untuk menyimpan dan memverifikasi data. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran NFT dalam ekonomi digital, apakah NFT benar-benar menjembatani kesenjangan dalam digitalisasi ekonomi atau justru menambah lapisan kompleksitas yang kontraproduktif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) untuk mengumpulkan data dari artikel-artikel yang berkaitan dengan topik NFT. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran NFT dapat memiliki potensi ganda sebagai jembatan kesenjangan sekaligus sumber kompleksitas kontraproduktif. Teknologi NFT mampu meningkatkan transparansi, memperluas akses ke pasar global, melindungi hak kekayaan intelektual, dan mendukung inovasi di bidang pendidikan, administrasi pertanahan, dan pembiayaan program SDGs. Namun, NFT juga menghadapi tantangan multidimensi seperti ketidakjelasan regulasi yang berpotensi memicu penipuan, pencucian uang, dan ketimpangan akses yang diperburuk oleh volatilitas pasar, spekulasi berlebihan, dan kesenjangan infrastruktur digital di negara-negara berkembang.
The digital economy has grown rapidly with the emergence of blockchain technology, which serves as the foundation for digital assets such as Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). NFTs enable unique digital ownership of artworks, music, and other digital assets. However, regulations governing NFTs in Indonesia remain limited, posing legal challenges, particularly in multi-party transactions and ownership protection. This study aims to analyze the regulations governing NFT ownership in Indonesia, identify legal challenges arising in multi-party transactions, and evaluate dispute resolution mechanisms in NFT transactions. Using a normative approach and descriptive analysis method, this research finds that existing regulations do not specifically accommodate the unique characteristics of NFTs, leading to legal uncertainty in ownership and copyright protection. Therefore, more comprehensive and specific regulations are needed to create legal certainty and support the development of the NFT industry in Indonesia.
Money laundering with Cryptocurrency in Indonesia in the use of digital currencies provides a loophole for criminals to hide the results of criminal acts through money laundering practices. This article reviews various strategies used in money laundering using crypto assets, with the aim of providing a deeper understanding of this issue. This research applies the normative study method by analyzing legal aspects based on literature as well as the latest developments related to money laundering and cryptocurrencies. Money laundering through crypto assets is carried out in order to disguise the source of illegal funds. Some of the commonly used methods include transactions over the dark network as well as the use of unlicensed mixing services. This crime has been regulated in various laws and regulations that aim to prevent and eradicate the practice of money laundering through cryptocurrencies.
Gilvina Grace B.A., Surahman Surahman, Muhammad Nurcholis Alhadi, Elviandri Elviandri
Cryptocurrency has emerged as a global innovation since the launch of Bitcoin in 2009, underpinned by blockchain technology that offers enhanced efficiency and transparency. Despite its potential, cryptocurrency presents complex legal challenges, particularly concerning its regulatory status. In Indonesia, cryptocurrency faces a dual regulatory framework: it is prohibited as a means of payment by Bank Indonesia pursuant to Law No. 7 of 2011 on Currency, yet simultaneously recognized as a tradable investment commodity by the Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency (Bappebti). This study aims to analyze the implications of this duality for Indonesia’s national regulatory system. Using normative legal research and a statutory approach, the study reveals significant legal uncertainty arising from institutional regulatory inconsistencies. Such uncertainty may impede innovation and compromise consumer protection. Therefore, regulatory harmonization is essential to ensure legal certainty and adaptability, drawing on the theories of legal certainty and progressive law.
Selvi Amanda, Arif Laksono, Natania Nurafni, Osberth Sinaga
This study examines the digital transformation of the creative arts industry, focusing on how technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) have altered the creation and marketing of artworks. Digital platforms have expanded market access for artists, opened new opportunities for more efficient business models with lower costs, and created greater possibilities for cross-disciplinary collaboration. In this context, digital technologies allow artists to reach a global audience and sell their works in more innovative and interactive formats, increasing audience participation in the creative process. However, these developments also face significant challenges, such as increasingly intense competition, rapidly shifting trends, and limitations in resources to optimally implement these technologies. Furthermore, while there are significant opportunities in the global market, some artists in Indonesia still face difficulties in accessing and utilizing the latest technologies. With the creative economy contributing 7.16% to Indonesia's GDP in 2018, this study aims to provide an overview of the dynamics of the arts industry in the digital era and explore potential strategies to support the development of a more adaptable creative ecosystem. These strategies include digital training, strengthening cross-sector collaboration, and enhancing digital infrastructure to facilitate the future growth of the creative arts industry.
This study examines the validity and application of smart contracts within the Indonesian civil law framework. Smart contracts are block chain-based agreements that are implemented autonomously, eliminating the necessity for intermediaries. Although it provides efficiency and openness, its integration into the Indonesian legal system continues to encounter obstacles, particularly concerning regulations and dispute resolution methods. The legitimacy of an agreement in civil law is governed by Article 1320 of the Civil Code, which stipulates the necessity of mutual consent, legal ability, definite objects, and justifiable grounds. Nonetheless, there exists no regulation that explicitly governs smart contracts, necessitating additional examination of their legal standing.This study employs a normative legal methodology utilizing both conceptual and legislative approaches. The utilized data sources comprise primary legal materials, including the Civil Code and the Indonesian ITE Law, alongside secondary legal materials from books, scholarly publications, and prior study. The investigation aimed to ascertain the validity and legal binding nature of smart contracts inside the Indonesian civil system.The study's findings indicate that while smart contracts theoretically satisfy the components of an agreement as outlined in the Civil Code, issues persist regarding regulation and dispute resolution. Consequently, it is essential to formulate specific legislation or amendments to the ITE Law and Civil Code to facilitate smart contracts. Furthermore, the function of notaries and legal entities in authenticating smart contracts need elucidation to prevent legal ambiguity. In conflict resolution, hybrid methods like block chain-based arbitration may serve as an alternate solution. Consequently, the adoption of smart contracts in Indonesia need enhanced legal certainty to facilitate widespread utilization and ensure protection for the involved parties.
Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin berkembang banyak mengubah sistem yang telah ada diberbagai bidang, salah satu contoh perubahan yaitu sistem voting atau pemungutan suara. Di negara demokratisseperti indonesia sistem pemungutan suara sangat penting karena menjadi sarana masyarakat untuk menyuarakanhak-hak seperti contoh untuk memilih presiden atau wakil-wakil rakyat negara. Disamping itu sebagianpemungutan suara atau voting dilakukan dengan cara konvensional yaitu menggunakan kertas untuk menentukanpilihan sampai perhitungan hasil akhir suara, hal itu dapat menghabiskan biaya yang sangat banyak dan prosesperhitungan yang sangat lama dalam pelaksanaanya. Oleh karena itu, untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebutdirancanglah sistem e-Voting yang memanfaatkan teknologi smart contract dan blockchain. Dengan perjanjiandigital (smart contract) yang dibuat dengan bahasa pemrograman solidity, perjanjian tersebut tidak bisa diubahalurnya (paten) jika sudah diterapkan di blockchain. Setiap transaksi atau data suara pemilihan masuk maka akandilakukan hashing dengan menggunakan algoritma sha-256 (dimana sampai saat ini hash dengan sha-256 belumada yang mampu memecahkannya) dan kemudian akan membentuk suatu rantai block yang saling terhubung(peer-to-peer) di jaringan blockchain tersebut. Sehingga dengan memanfaatkan teknologi ini, data pemungutansuara yang telah dilakukan tidak dapat diubah, digandakan atau bahkan dihapus.
AbstractNon-Fungible Token (NFT) represents a symbol of the future in a market that increasingly adapts to modern times. NFT provides a profitable platform for digital art aiming to monetize their works more effectively and efficiently. However, NFTs are sometimes misused by others to profit from an artist’s work without their permission. The purpose of this study is to analyze the regulation of NFTs in Indonesia. This research uses a normative juridical method. The results show that Indonesia does not yet have specific regulations regarding NFTs. However, there are several existing regulations that can serve as a legal framework for the existence of NFTs. As an asset, commercial transaction of NFTs based on APPEBTI Regulation Number 8 of 2021 concerning Guidelines for Organizing Physical Crypto Asset Trading on the Futures Exchange, considering that NFTs are crypto assets stored on Blockchain networks and represent digital works. As intangible movable goods, NFTs based on the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (ITE Law) and Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019 concerning Transactions Through Electronic Systems. As digital art, legal protection can refer to the Copyright Law. Challenges in the implementation of NFT trading include the potential for piracy, where someone's work is turned into an NFT without permission through a process called minting. To address these challenges, specific regulations on NFTs are needed. Another possible solution is the development of policies by NFT marketplaces to prevent further losses by blocking NFTs that are proven to originate from misused works.AbstrakNon-Fungible Token (NFT) ialah simbol di masa yang akan datang terkait pasar yang semakin mengikuti zaman. NFT menyediakan sarana profitable digital art yang bertujuan untuk memonetisasi karya mereka dengan cara yang lebih efektif dan efisien. Namun terkadang NFT digunakan oleh orang lain untuk mendapatkan keuntungan dari sebuah karya seniman tanpa memiliki izin dari seniman itu. Tujuan daripada penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaturan NFT di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa di Indonesia belum terdapat aturan khusus terkait NFT. Akan tetapi terdapat beberapa aturan yang dapat digunakan sebagai payung hukum keberadaan NFT. Sebagai aset, transaksi perdagangan NFT berada dalam payung hukum Peraturan BAPPEBTI Nomor 8 Tahun 2021 tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Perdagangan Pasar Fisik Aset Kripto di Bursa Berjangka, dengan pertimbangan bahwa NFT merupakan aset kripto yang tersimpan di jaringan Blockchain dan karya digital. NFT sebagai Benda bergerak tidak berwujud berada dalam payung hukum UU ITE dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Transaksi Melalui Sistem Elektronik. Sebagai karya digital perlindungan hukum dapat merujuk pada UU Hak Cipta. Tantangan dalam pelaksanaan transaksi perdagangan NFT yaitu dimungkinkannya. Tantangan dalam implementasi NFT yaitu terdapat potensi pembajakan terhadap suatu karya seseorang menjadi obyek NFT melalui minting. Untuk mengatasi tantangan tersebut perlu pengaturan yang khusus NFT. Solusi lainnya yang dapat dilakukan misalnya dibuatnya kebijakan dari Pasar NFT untuk mencegah kerugian lebih lanjut dengan memblokir NFT yang terbukti berasal dari karya yang disalahgunakan.
This study examines the legal certainty of using cryptocurrency as an investment instrument in companies in Indonesia. Although cryptocurrency is not recognized as a legal means of payment, it has been acknowledged as a tradable commodity in futures exchanges. This research utilizes a normative legal approach to analyze existing regulations, challenges encountered, and legal protections available for investors. The findings indicate that despite significant profit potential, investors still face high risks due to price volatility, insufficient legal protections, and cybersecurity threats. It is crucial for the government to formulate more comprehensive and supportive regulations to protect investors and prevent misuse and illegal practices. Additionally, an extensive educational program is needed to enhance public understanding of the risks and benefits of investing in cryptocurrency. With adequate regulation and improved public awareness, cryptocurrency is expected to contribute positively to Indonesia’s digital economic growth. This study aims to contribute to the development of policies and regulations related to cryptocurrency in Indonesia and to encourage greater public participation in this investment ecosystem.
Putri Purbasari Raharningtyas Marditia, April Yanto
This research aims to analyze the regulatory model for implementing smart contracts in commercial contracts in Indonesia and conduct comparative studies with other countries such as Singapore, England, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Italy.Smart contracts and electronic instructions executed automatically in a blockchain network provide security, efficiency, and transparency advantages.This research uses a normative juridical approach with comparative legal methods.Data was collected through literature study and analysis of related legal documents.This research found that in Indonesia, regulations related to smart contracts are still in the development stage, and no specific regulations regulate their implementation in detail.However, the use of blockchain technology underlying smart contracts has begun to be recognized by the relevant authorities.The research results show that regulations in the countries compared are more advanced in accommodating the use of smart contracts.Singapore, for example, has developed various guidelines and policies supporting this technology's application in multiple sectors.The UK has also recognized the legal validity of smart contracts through reports and guidance issued by the Law Commission.In the Netherlands, traditional contract law principles are applied to smart contracts with some adjustments.Switzerland, known as the "Crypto Valley" of Zug, has adopted regulations that support blockchain technology innovation.Italy has also passed legislation providing smart contracts' legal definition and status.This research concludes that Indonesia needs to develop more comprehensive and specific regulations regarding innovative agreements to accommodate the development of this technology and provide legal certainty for parties involved in digital transactions following applicable legal principles.
The rapid advancement of technology in the digital era presents new challenges for Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection, especially within the fast-evolving technology industry. Indonesia has enacted various regulations to safeguard IPR, such as the Copyright, Patent, and Trademark Laws. However, implementation within the technology sector faces significant challenges. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of legal protection for IPR in the technology industry, identify existing challenges, and provide recommendations to strengthen IPR protection in Indonesia. The research employs normative legal methods with a juridical normative approach, where data is collected through a literature review of legislation, related documents, and scholarly literature. The findings reveal that while IPR regulations are in place, law enforcement remains weak due to limited infrastructure, low public awareness, and the complexity of new technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), which are not yet accommodated by current regulations. Recommendations include strengthening regulations relevant to technological advancements, increasing public awareness of IPR importance, and leveraging digital technology to monitor IPR infringements. Effective IPR protection is expected to foster a conducive environment for innovation within Indonesia's technology industry.
Abstract The emergence of digital assets such as cryptocurrencies, e-wallets, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) has significantly impacted societal transactions and interactions. However, the inheritance of these digital assets poses challenges due to the lack of clear regulations in both positive and Islamic law. This study employs a normative juridical approach with a comparative law method to analyze the provisions of positive law in Indonesia and the principles of Islamic law related to the inheritance of digital assets. The study aims to identify gaps between the two legal systems and provide recommendations for regulatory harmonization. The findings reveal that positive law in Indonesia does not explicitly regulate digital assets in the context of inheritance, leading to uncertainty and potential disputes among heirs. Islamic law also lacks clear provisions regarding digital assets, making it difficult to apply inheritance principles based on sharia. The study highlights the urgent need to harmonize positive and Islamic law to accommodate the unique characteristics of digital assets and ensure fair and transparent distribution among heirs. Collaboration between policymakers, academics, and the public is essential to develop regulations that address the needs and characteristics of digital assets in the context of inheritance law. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding both legal systems to overcome challenges in digital asset inheritance and create a more just and effective legal framework for all parties involved. Keywords: Digital assets, Legacy, Regulation, E-wallet, Non-Fungible Token (NFT) Abstrak Kemunculan aset digital seperti mata uang kripto, dompet elektronik, dan token yang tidak dapat dipertukarkan (NFT) telah memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap transaksi dan interaksi masyarakat. Namun, pewarisan aset digital ini menimbulkan tantangan karena kurangnya peraturan yang jelas baik dalam hukum positif maupun hukum Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan metode perbandingan hukum untuk menganalisis ketentuan hukum positif di Indonesia dan prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam terkait pewarisan aset digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kesenjangan antara kedua sistem hukum tersebut dan memberikan rekomendasi untuk harmonisasi peraturan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa hukum positif di Indonesia tidak secara eksplisit mengatur aset digital dalam konteks pewarisan, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian dan potensi perselisihan di antara para ahli waris. Hukum Islam juga tidak memiliki ketentuan yang jelas mengenai aset digital, sehingga menyulitkan penerapan prinsip-prinsip waris berdasarkan syariah. Studi ini menyoroti kebutuhan mendesak untuk menyelaraskan hukum positif dan hukum Islam untuk mengakomodasi karakteristik unik aset digital dan memastikan distribusi yang adil dan transparan di antara para ahli waris. Kolaborasi antara pembuat kebijakan, akademisi, dan masyarakat sangat penting untuk mengembangkan peraturan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan karakteristik aset digital dalam konteks hukum waris. Studi ini diakhiri dengan menekankan pentingnya memahami kedua sistem hukum untuk mengatasi tantangan dalam pewarisan aset digital dan menciptakan kerangka hukum yang lebih adil dan efektif bagi semua pihak yang terlibat. Kata kunci: Aset digital, Warisan, Regulasi, E-wallet, Non-Fungible Token (NFT)
Rahmat Mustaqim Adi Nugroho, Nanang Sudarsono, Achyar Rosandi, Zaki Akbar
The goals of these brief are to identifies and analyze how the role of Act in backups Rupiah strength against the exchange of decentralize finance block-chain based cryptocurrency (known as Bitcoin or BTC) whereas does not requires swift-code alike printed or FIAT as a early detection of state to print collateral or guarantee on foreign exchange rate. Within act or preparation of ratification upcoming act, remembered by the 13th August 2025 Rupiah exchange has weakened since last 5 year along +/- 3.000 Rupiah per-$ USD numbered 16.164 Rupiah against 1$ USD became the basis of Act to be frontier guardian to prevent valuation of inflation and empowered Rupiah in global market exchange. Otherwise thus valuation were countered back by BTC on every-world currencies since 2016 itself has gained the upscale as much as 32.018,52% the number that should concerned and potentially capable to brought a nation into failure if it is not restricted immediately by the Gration or Acts that defend a currency rate in every state.
Blockchain, as a supporting technology for the industrial revolution 4.0, has excellent potential to change many areas of private legal transactions, including as the technological basis of smart contracts. The application of blockchain technology has its own legal aspects, risks, legal issues and challenges to provide regulatory policies to optimize the technology's potential and simultaneously mitigate risks. This research aims, firstly, to discover the legal aspects that should be considered in blockchain technology and, secondly, the legal issues of implementing blockchain technology, especially those related to finance, jurisdiction, and cyber-attacks. The research method to be used is normative legal research. The research results obtained are, first, the aspect of the existence of the law itself, which is related to binary code through hash algorithms. Second, the legal issues of implementing blockchain in the financial sector are scalability, data privacy, data interoperability, and governance; related to jurisdiction related to the ability of blockchain to cross jurisdictional boundaries because nodes on the blockchain can transmit anywhere, in this world; related to cyber-attacks, namely brute force attacks on specific nodes which result in the dissemination of inaccurate information. Legal assistance and existence in technology (in this case, blockchain) are needed so that everything continues according to the rules to prevent more significant problems from arising.
Happy Budyana Sari, Emmy Febriani Thalib, Ni Putu Suci Meinarni
The urgency of this research lies in the growing significance of smart contracts within the blockchain technology landscape, particularly in Indonesia. Smart contracts offer the potential for automation and trustworthy business processes, with demonstrated applications in sectors such as electric power, higher education, e-commerce, and more. However, alongside their success and potential, challenges have emerged regarding financial regulations, taxation, and consumer protection. This study aims to explore the use and challenges of smart contracts in the context of Indonesian law. It seeks to identify the existing regulatory frameworks, assess the legal implications of smart contract usage, and propose solutions to ensure compliance with financial, tax, and consumer protection regulations in Indonesia. By gaining a better understanding of regulatory requirements and potential challenges, this research aspires to contribute to the development of a more efficient, automated, and secure blockchain ecosystem in Indonesia. The research method used is a literature review, encompassing the collection, selection, evaluation, analysis, and synthesis of relevant literature from various academic and practical sources. The expected outcome of this study is a deeper understanding of blockchain usage for data security within the legal context of Indonesia, along with practical guidance and recommendations for policymakers, legal practitioners, and stakeholders in developing effective regulations for data protection in the increasingly complex digital era.he abstract should be written in one paragraph and should be not more than 250 words. Arial, font size 10, single spacing. Follow the following pattern: General statement about the importance of the topic, gap in literature or discrepancies between theories and practices, purpose of study, method, main findings, and result.
Robby Nugroho Setiawan, Anwar Hidayat, Muhamad Abas
This research investigates the implementation of smart contracts in the Indonesian property sector, examining the legal opportunities and challenges involved. Blockchain technology offers high transparency, efficiency, and security in property transactions, but faces regulatory and infrastructural hurdles. The aim of this research is to explore the related legal dynamics, identify socio-economic impacts, and offer sustainable solutions. The research method employed is a qualitative legal approach to gather and analyze data. The findings indicate that although blockchain can expedite transaction processes and enhance transparency, the legal validity of smart contracts and consumer protection remain major issues. Regulatory updates and increased awareness of data security are necessary to optimize the adoption of this technology in Indonesia.Keywords: Blockchain., Property law., Regulation., Smart contracts., Transparency