Blockchain Papers

Kim Seung Rae

No abstract is available for this record.

Лариса Санникова, Yulia S. Kharitonova

No abstract is available for this record.

Кондырев В.А.

Новая технология и форма управления организацией, ставшие возможными благодаря развитию криптографии, - децентрализованная автономная организация (ДАО). В статье приведено описание архитектуры и эволюции ДАО в рамках теоретико-игровой модели. Проанализированы существующие организации, носящие статус ДАО, и описаны основные регулирующие их механизмы в терминах контрактов. В результате выделены основные проблемные области ДАО. Предложен ряд подходов, в перспективе частично или полностью решающих проблемы развития ДАО. The new technology as well as the new way to manage the organization are available due to the development of cryptography - decentralized autonomous organization (DAO). The article describes the architecture and evolution of DAO within the game-theoretic model. The existing organizations bearing the status of DAO are analyzed and the main regulatory mechanisms in terms of contracts are described. As a result, the main problem areas of DAO are identified. A number of approaches are proposed with these approaches partially or completely solving the problems of DAO development in the long run.

C. Kouzinopoulos, Konstantinos M. Giannoutakis, Konstantinos Votis, Dimitrios Tzovaras · 10 authors

The H2020 European research project Safe-Guarding Home IoT Environments with Personalised Real-time Risk Control (GHOST) aims to develop a cyber-security layer on IoT smart home installations. The proposed system analyses packet-level data flows for building patterns of communications between IoT devices and external entities. To ensure non-repudiation, integrity and authentication of the data captured, they are stored in a Blockchain, a distributed ledger network, as digitally-signed transactions. Since the data can potentially include sensitive user information, it is imperative to promote trust by informing users about the operating principles of the network as well as to request the acceptance of a consent form by them. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Forms of Consent application, a Distributed Application that interacts with a set of Smart Contracts deployed on a private Ethereum network. The application is being developed as part of the GHOST project.

J. Michael Graglia, Christopher Mellon

No abstract is available for this record.

A. A. Inyushkin

The paper analyzes the specific nature of high-tech systems in IT area in terms of the transition to the digital economy (Digital Economy of the Russian Federation program). The research identifies the characteristics of legal regulation of databases, distributed ledgers, and blockchain technology. The author determines that the legal regime of databases is admissible with regard to the above-mentioned systems. The study reveals the aspects of special sectoral laws and regulations applied to databases in order to introduce distributed ledgers and blockchain technology. The research considers the dual nature of database laws governing blockchain technology in different ways. The author concludes that laws and regulations concerning databases can be implemented to introduce distributed ledgers and blockchain technology considering their specific legal nature for particular legal relations.

Nikos Fotiou, George C. Polyzos

With the Internet of Things (IoT), Things are expected to live in different “domains” and “contexts” during their lifetime. Information generated by and associated with Things should be manageable by multiple, diverse stakeholders accordingly. Moreover, the scope of the information related to Things can range from private and confidential to public and auditable. Identification, security, and interoperability in this vivid environment are expected to be challenging. In this paper we discuss how smart contracts and blockchain technologies create the potential for a viable solution. To this end, we present smart contract-based solutions that improve security and information management, we identify new opportunities and challenges, and we provide security recommendations and guidelines.

Radu Stancu

The paper proposes a legal definition of the notions of blockchain and smart contract from the point of view of the intellectual property right.Therefore, this research brings to light the effects of new technology on the positive law and, above all, on the notion of contract.By applying the blockchain technique, the parties optimize costs and significantly reduce the time needed to produce legal effects, particularly by eliminating third parties.However, this technique creates a real series of legal issues that already give jurists the opportunity to develop new theories of law by finding solutions to them.

Sarah Green

The advent of smart contracts presents several problems for the traditional law of contract. One of the most pressing issues is how the forensic process of interpretation needs to change in order to accommodate contracts written in computer code. Not only is the language of smart contracts unlike the human languages with which courts are used to dealing, but its logical architecture also differs. This means that enlisting the services of an expert to provide a literal translation for a judge to interpret is unlikely to be helpful. The development of a “reasonable coder” test would seem to be a viable means of proceeding. The self-executing nature of smart contracts means that, in the case of executory agreements, rectification may well become a more widely-used remedy.

서봉석

No abstract is available for this record.

Jiang, Jiaying

No abstract is available for this record.

Koji Takahashi

After comparing and contrasting with computer codes running in a central server, this paper notes that smart contracts are not in the legal sense and considers their implications for contract management and dispute prevention. It alerts that the features of are prone to generate disputes which often involve novel legal issues. The paper concludes with a brief comment on the potential use of in dispute resolution.

Master of Laws, Vera Alizade, Aleksandr G. Volevodz

No abstract is available for this record.

Enas Qutieshat, Bassam Al-Tarawneh

<em>This paper aims to identify the practices involved in the formation of smart contracts and the limitations that are faced by the organizations through development of smart contracts in business. The Smart contract is developed based on specific criteria in the business. The smart chain in the business identify the block chains that are developed in the business to resolve different financial issues in the company. In this report, the elements of smart contracts are evaluated and analyzed along with a discussion of previous researchers on the same criteria. This study identifies that smart contracts become essential for business practices with development of technology. The form of smart contracts has captured the attention of legal attorney and its impact on contract law of business. This report implements the descriptive methodology approach in which the secondary data is analyzed to identify the formation of smart contracts and its liability on business. Additionally, the research data is analyzed through secondary qualitative analysis. </em>

Zahra Dehrouyeh, Reza Azmi

No abstract is available for this record.

Ewelina Marcińczyk, Bartosz Borowik

The paper discusses cryptocurrencies both in terms of their applicability to everyday financial transactions as well as in terms of criminogenic factors. The Authors will present practical ways to settle in virtual currency, institutions in which bitcoin payments can be made and the possibility of converting them into traditional currencies. Also factors conducive to combine cryptocurrencies with the criminal world, such as the anonymity of both the Internet and cryptocurrencies will be analysed. In addition, the paper presents the real impact of cryptocurrencies on the increase in crime worldwide, both related to financing of terrorism and in connection with taxation of income. The data and conclusions contained in this study are a contribution to the discussion on the sense of investing in cryptocurrencies, and above all on the opportunities and threats that entail the widespread introduction of this method of payment.

Venera Shaydullina

This article presents the analyze of the cryptocurrency market, the practice of state regulation of the cryptocurrency. During the market research of the cryptocurrency and the experience of its regulation, author identified certain similarities. First, each state strives to create a favorable climate for the development of new technologies (blockchain), seeing a great potential for using technology in the public and private sectors. Secondly, there is a rapid growth of the cryptocurrency market, and the state, not adapting the existing national legislation to the existing challenges of the digital economy, faces a lack of revenue to the budget, since the cryptocurrency is outside the legal jurisdiction. Third, today there are over a thousand different cryptocurrencies, accordingly, unified standards for their regulation should be developed.

Toluwabori Magbagbeola

No abstract is available for this record.

Charlotta Kronblad, Helena Haapio

Smart contracts are becoming all smarter and increasingly available. Yet there seems to be a reluctance in mainstream industry to actually use them. It seems hard to convince general counsel, law firms, and purchasers of legal services to implement smart systems. This is a challenge for the providers of smart technology. The technology is not the problem - successful implementation is. The aim of this paper is to explore the resistance and gatekeepers within the legal industry, potentially resulting in a better understanding of how to overcome the barriers and use available smart technology. © 2018 Editions Weblaw. All rights reserved.

Nadezhda Ya. Grinchinko, S.S. Ubiraev

The article analyzes the current state of digital economy and crypto currency. It also attempts to outline the main development directions of the Russian legislation on legal regulation of digital currency usage on the basis of current national legislation and foreign experience. Significant attention is given to digital economic concept, its main paths, development of legal framework for digitalization of economic processes. The article includes a review of modern scientific publications on questions under investigation and highlights the necessity of the complex approach both to the analysis of phenomena under study and to their legal regulation. It is also shown that crypto currency circulation is ambiguous and multifaceted and it has both financial advantages and criminological threat. Special consideration is given to the provisions of the draft law on “Digital Financial Assets”, the first project dedicated to the regulation of relations arising in the creation, release, storage and circulation of digital financial assets, which contains key definitions for the legal regulation of cryptocurrencies and transactions with them in the Russian Federation.

М. М. Долгиева

The article is devoted to the theoretical justification of the need to introduce criminal law prohibitions on criminal encroachments in the sphere of cryptocurrency turnover in Russia. The author analyzes the principles and grounds for the criminalization of such acts in connection with their increased public danger. The article examines the prerequisites, grounds and justification for criminalizing criminal offenses in the field of cryptocurrency turnover, problems of applying current criminal law provisions to acts committed using cryptocurrency, examines the opinions of law enforcement officials, prosecutors and the court, relating to the category of cases considered. The author's position on problematic issues is presented.

Aleksey Minbaleev, Egor Safronov

The article is devoted to the study of legal resources, within the framework of information objects, the provision of Russian legislation. There are several approaches to the designation of the legal nature of detachments. The conclusion is that bloksn should not be considered as a separate information object. From the position of information law, offered primarily as a kind of information technology, on the basis of which there is a collection, processing, storage and transmission of information. From a legal point of view, the notebook can also be viewed as a decentralized distributed database ("ledger") of all confirmed transactions made with respect to certain assets, within the scope of which cryptographic algorithms lie. In the majority of cases, the block system should be considered as an information system, which is a register of information, as well as information processing technologies, including the formation and storage of accurate, specific data, confirming the totality of property and other rights and obligations of their holders, and allowing for electronic payments and other legally significant actions.

Alexey Finogeev, Leyla Gamidullaeva, Sergey Vasin, Антон Финогеев · 6 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

A. G. Demieva

the development of digital economics has taken on vital importance nowadays. Entrepreneurs in their business actively use digital technologies by which they enter into civil law relationships of different nature. Cryptocurrency usage in commerce is one of the most topical issues discussed in a legal community. The article analyzes an issue of legal regulation of cryptocurrency which logically follows digital technologies and digital economics development. Presently there are no legislative mechanisms of cryptocurrency turnover and usage regulation. The main aim of the article is to develop legal suggestions for cryptocurrency effective regulation. With this aim the author has analyzed cryptocurrency development trend in the Russian Federation, studied experience of foreign countries (USA, Germany, France, China and Japan). In his article the author offers for the legal community a single matrix of the cryptocurrency legal regulation which comprises three levels: international, regional and national.