The current standard in accounting practice is the double-entry approach. Basis of the double-entry approach is that every financial event brings two equal and offsetting entries. Since these financial events are not automatically confirmed by both parties, the accounting quality can be improved. The blockchain mechanism possibly offers a different take on accounting. Based on an experimentation approach, data was collected to compare the double-entry method with the blockchain-based triple-entry method. The results show that the main difference concerns determining the completeness of the financial statement items. In the situation of double-entry accounting, segregation of duties is applied to do so. In the blockchain situation, the underlying mechanism of the blockchain already ensures this.
Teknologi Blockchain atau yang dikenal sebagai distributed ledger merupakan sistem pencatatan yang tersebar luas di jaringan. Blockchain menjadi salah satu teknologi yang memiliki sistem keamanan yang sulit diretas karena setiap jaringan memiliki enkripsi yang berlapis. Selain faktor keamanan, teknologi Blockchain juga memberikan manfaat lain seperti membuat proses transasksi menjadi lebih efisien dengan cara menghapus peran penghubung (middleman). Selain itu, Blockhain juga mampu diimplementasikan di berbagai industri, termasuk Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM). Eksistensi UMKM di Indonesia sangat penting guna membantu penyerapan tenaga kerja, sarana distribusi perekonomian bagi masyarakat dan membantu penerimaan devisa negara. Mengingat pentingnya peran UMKM bagi Indonesia, maka Edukasi Blockchain bagi pelaku UMKM perlu dilakukan sehingga keberlangsungan dan perkembangan bisnis UMKM di Indonesia dapat terus ditingkatkan.Kata kunci : Blockchain, UMKM
Audi Ramadhan, Chandra Indira Septiarani, Faisal Dias, Deden Yoga Pratama
Aplikasi trading cryptocurrency merupakan sebuah aplikasi yang relatif baru yang ditandai dengan munculnya banyak cryptocurrency seperti Bitcoin, Ethereum dan lain sebagainya. Oleh sebab itu, analisis penerimaan teknologi pada aplikasi tersebut sangat penting untuk dikaji lebih dalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengukur penerimaan aplikasi trading cryptocurrency yaitu Indodax Trading Platform dengan menggunakan Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) yang diintegrasikan dengan faktor resiko dan kepercayaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif asosiatif dengan menggunakan kuesioner untuk mendapatkan data primer. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sebesar 134 dengan menggunakan teknil analisis Semi Equation Model – Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu adanya pengaruh dari perceived usefulness dan trust terhadap penggunaan aplikasi trading cryptocurrency. Sedangkan resiko dan perceived ease of use tidak berpengaruh terhadap penggunaan aplikasi trading cryptocurrency.
Abstract The purpose of this study to identify of trading cryptocurrency on Marketplace with the intention that users can understand the trading marketplace easily and quickly based on the stages of trading that are recommended in the system in this study. The method that used in this research was a descriptive method to find out a complete description of the variables with related situations. The result of this research is to find out about the implementation of trading on the marketplace, profits, risks, security and using features in the marketplace. This research will discuss how to trade cryptocurrency on the x marketplace, profit, risk, security and use the tools in the marketplace. The conclusion in this study is the existence of a system that has such completeness Interface, website simplicity, security features, clear office and team, regulation of legal entities, responsive customer service, speed of deposit or withdrawal of a Marketplace affects Trader to trade in the marketplace.
Setiap orang yang telah menyelesaikan masa pendidikan formalnya tentu akan mendapatkan sebuah ijazah, ijazah tersebut sangat penting untuk melanjutkan ke jenjang pendidikan berikutnya ataupun untuk mencari pekerjaan. Namun, masih terdapat segelintir orang yang melakukan tindakan melawan hukum yaitu memalsukan sebuah ijazah untuk tujuan tertentu, sehingga akan menghasilkan pekerja yang tidak memiliki kualitas untuk menduduki suatu jabatan tertentu. Dimana ijazah memang sangat mudah dan murah untuk dipalsukan akan tetapi cukup mahal untuk dibuktikan keasliannya. Dengan menggunakan teknologi blockchain ini diharapkan dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut sehingga dapat mempersulit seseorang untuk melakukan pemalsuan ijazah dan dapat membantu perusahaan untuk membuktikan keaslian ijazah dari calon pegawainya hanya dalam hitungan menit dan tanpa harus mengeluarkan sejumlah biaya. Diharapkan dengan adanya teknologi blockchain ini dapat terus meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia.
Yong Sauk Hau, Jae Min Lee, Jaechan Park, Min Cheol Chang
BACKGROUND: The recently developed blockchain technology uses a peer-to-peer network to distribute data to all participants for storage. This method enhances data safety, reliability, integrity, and transparency. To successfully introduce blockchain technology to medical data management, it is essential to obtain consent from medical doctors and patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine medical doctors' and patients' attitudes toward the use of blockchain technology and interpret the findings within the framework of expectancy theory. METHODS: In this questionnaire survey, we examined medical doctors' (n=90) and patients' (n=90) attitudes toward the use of blockchain technology in the management and distribution of medical information. The questionnaire comprised 8 questions that assessed attitudes toward new means of managing and distributing medical information using blockchain technology. Responses were rated on a scale that ranged from 1 (very negative) to 7 (very positive). RESULTS: Medical doctors (mean 3.7-5.0) reported significantly more negative attitudes than patients (mean 6.3-6.8). Furthermore, self-employed doctors reported more negative attitudes than employed doctors and university professors. CONCLUSIONS: To successfully introduce blockchain technology to medical data management, it is necessary to promote positive attitudes toward this technology among medical doctors, especially self-employed doctors.
August Thio-ac, Alfred Keanu Serut, Rayn Louise Torrejos, Keenan Dave Rivo · 5 authors
Electronic systems tend to simplify the tedious traditional scheme and basically focuses on the platform design and process organization. The integrity of the output of an automated system is not left behind but the possibility of internal manipulation is still high. This paper presents the current issues in company procurements and the solution in the form of blockchain technology. Several individuals and professionals were asked to evaluate a blockchain-based procurement system in comparison to the current electronic (e-procurement) system. A blockchain-based system has the capability to hold transactional data with complete decentralization and eliminate the growing number of fraud cases in companies and organizations. This paper mainly focuses on the effectiveness of a blockchain-based system in company procurements.
Dilek Akdoğan Akbaş, Gamze Yıldız Şeren, Osman Geyik
Last revolution of industry history is known as “Industry 4.0” or also known as 4th Industrial Revolution that<br> forms the basis of increasing technology network has emerged as digital technology-based digital revolution. Digitalisation<br> in 4th Industrial Revolution reflected to currency and cryptocurrencies has become a part of today’s<br> world. Blockchain technology as the basis of virtual currency is one of the leading technologies under 4th Industrial<br> Revolution and gradually increases impact range. Bitcoin as a cryptocurrency that introduced blockchain technology<br> to the world can be characterised as the most important financial technology (fintech) innovation of digital<br> age. Income from bitcoin as cryptocurrency are at significant level and risks of using bitcoin in money laundering<br> and financing illegal activities have led countries to apply regulations for cryptocurrencies. This study aims to<br> analyse regulations for cryptocurrencies that gradually increases market cap under 4th Industrial Revolution process.
The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has changed the human perspective in interacting and doing business fundamentally. Business systems that are transformed into online systems have an impact on the way humans conduct financial transactions. Principles contained in Industry 4.0. provide an illustration that interconnection with the internet and good data security will result in the provision of fast information to produce decisions. The study uses a literature study approach that examines data and information from journals, textbooks, and he internet to conduct a deeper study of the application of industry principles 4.0 to financial transactions and accounting. based on the results of the study concluded that the financing transaction media had developed into the Fintech industry and the transaction system in the form of a payment gateway. The large number of financial transactions with the payment gateway system requires companies to do IT Spending intangible asset in the form of Big Data and Cloud Computing security systems. The technology provides benefits for the company in terms of data analysis and provision of information to speed up the decision making process and secure storage systems and affordable costs. Through the information technology media, it will facilitate management to make decentralized decision making.
Blockchain technology can be used to solve many educational problems and can help educators as well as learners to monitor the learning outcomes. The data can be stored securely and tamper proof format when it's stored onto the blockchain network. The Blockchain for Education platform helps us to make the tamper-proof certificates and their correct and the overall permanent allocation of these certificates to learners, as well as verification of certificates. It can reduce the overall frauds and tampering of the degrees and certificates. Here smart contracts can be designed and deployed on to the Ethereum blockchain that can be designed using the solidity programming language. Blockchain can be applied to private, public and consortium sectors depending upon the usage and the scope of the blockchain. Education system can take benefit of this scalability of the blockchain and can be effectively useful in the
While Ethereum run in public networks which make the blockchain size large and transaction run time longer than time for private or national network, that led to continuous worries over the expanding size of Ethereum Blockchain, which certainly reduce Cryptocurrency's effectiveness. The estimations were on increase and believed it would cross the node limit of 1 TB terribly shortly. If new consumer a full node enters to that blockchain and cryptocurrency world, a node is a computer software cum database of the blockchain, which a full node client must download on their personal computers to become a full node in the blockchain. in this way, the client can be verifying transaction on the network with the help of other nodes on the system. We proposed to implement national cryptocurrency which developed using Ethereum as a development platform that could serve national or regional people that has limited or slow internet connections like Iraq, in addition payments in countries with unstable fiat currencies, although cryptocurrencies are suffering from unstable exchange rates against fiat currencies, the use of national cryptocurrency instead of the native fiat cash could even be a far better alternative for individuals in certain countries like Iraq, Iran and Syria, with high rate of inflation. The reminder of this paper is arranging as following: an introduction, the advantages and drawbacks of cryptocurrencies, Background on Blockchain and Ethereum, implementation, results and conclusion.
Purpose The innovation of cryptography technique and blockchain has made cryptocurrency an alternative medium of exchange due to its safety, transparency and cost effectiveness. But its main feature cannot be separated from the users who use cryptocurrency for their illegal transactions. There are several arguments related to the legality of cryptocurrency. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the nature of cryptocurrency based on characteristics of money, legal perspective, economic perspective and Sharia perspective. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the methodology used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The object of this research is cryptocurrency. The data are secondary data obtained from peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers review, working paper and Sharia consultant reports addressing the legality of cryptocurrency. The literature review analysis includes the following steps: material collection, descriptive analysis, discussion with people in Sharia competency and intuitive-subjective material evaluation. Findings Regarding the characteristic of money, cryptocurrency is acceptable. But in terms of the legal perspectives, cryptocurrency does not meet the criteria as currency. From the economic perspective, cryptocurrency does not fully meet the characteristic currency due to high price volatility, and from the Sharia perspective, cryptocurrency can be considered property (mal) but not as a monetary value (thamanniyah). Research limitations/implications The research findings are based on the journal articles, working paper and Sharia consultant report, and it may lack Sharia’s opinion. Any further discussion related to Sharia perspectives will be a great input to enrich the study. Practical implications This study also includes the implications related to the opportunities and the risks of cryptocurrency that can be discussed for the development of the cryptocurrency in the future. Social implications This study includes the implication cryptocurrency is using as nature of money and not as speculative instrument. Originality/value This study argued the legality of cryptocurrency in four perspectives such as the nature of money, legal, economy and Sharia perspective.
Ku Ruhana Ku‐Mahamud, Mazni Omar, Nur Azzah Abu Bakar, Ishola Dada Muraina
Blockchain technology and cryptocurrency are attracting increasing attention from consumers, investors, investment industry and regulators. Cryptocurrency has great potential to be used for transaction or investment in the future. However, level of awareness of the blockchain technology and cryptocurrency is still at infant stage, specifically in developing countries. Thus, this study aims to investigate the level of awareness, trust and adoption of blockchain technology among blockchain community in Malaysia. Quantitative approach was adopted in this study where a new questionnaire was developed in the first phase to measure the level of awareness, adoption, and trust of blockchain technology applications among Malaysian blockchain communities. The resulting questionnaire consists of items on respondents’ demographic, their awareness, trust, and adoption of FinTech particularly on blockchain technology and cryptocurrency. In the second phase, a pilot study was conducted to validated the new questionnaire from 304 respondents. Reliability test using Cronbach’s alpha with a value of 0.908. A real survey was also conducted in this phase using the validated queationnaire and data were obtained online from 304 respondents. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis during the third phase of the study, and results demonstrate that the awareness level of blockchain technology and cryptocurrency are at the intermediate level. Nevertheless, the majority of respondents are confident and trust that the blockchain technology can offer a stable and secure platform, which gives positive impact on the application of the technology. Empirical results provide significant insights into the development of the blockchain technology industry in the country.
The Blockchain for Education platform helps us to make the tamper-proof certificates and their correct and the overall permanent allocation of these certificates to learners, as well as verification of certificates. It can reduce the overall frauds and tampering of the degrees and certificates. Blockchain technology can be used to solve many educational problems and can help educators as well as learners to monitor the learning outcomes. The data can be stored securely and tamper proof format when it’s stored onto the blockchain network. Here smart contracts can be designed and deployed on to the Ethereum blockchain that can be designed using the solidity programming language. Blockchain can be applied to private, public and consortium sectors depending upon the usage and the scope of the blockchain. Education system can take benefit of this scalability of the blockchain and can be effectively useful in the educational institutions.
The increasing interest in blockchain since the end of 2017 has induced many attempts to apply it to public sector administration. Blockchains have been shown to improve the levels of economic efficiency, security and decentralization in administration. This exploratory study examines the determinants of blockchain administration and their priorities through an analytic-hierarchy process (AHP) analysis. The priority ranking of internal factors was security, economic efficiency, and decentralization. The introduction of blockchains in the evolution of the current e-government to the future of convergent governments will be generalized through trial, error, and learning processes. As experienced both in the knowledge and information society and in the e-government development process, reforming government administration is not solely a technical problem. The study results suggest that future blockchain administration in the public sector be used in the field of e-voting to encourage citizen participation in the process of agenda-setting, to enhance the level of security and transparency of taxation, and to increase the level of equity. Blockchain technology can also be used to improve efficiency in the provision of individually oriented social welfare services. Its adoption via administrative reform may reduce the level of corruption in personnel management, recruitment, and procurement in public sector organizations.
Blockchain is the Technology which allows assets to be transferred from one party to another simultaneously and without needing a third party, guaranteeing utmost security. In addition, it is a multiple global ledgers, shared by all people around the world, which enables them to do all kinds of transactions (Sutardja Center for Entrepreneurship & Technology Technical Report, 2015) in real time and without falling prey to fraud or manipulation. Besides, it is the biggest data bases, accessible to all people (BigchainDB, 2016) and containing verified assets which can be safely exchanged. Blockchain will have a huge effect on deferent levels, it will change the way all people adopt to deal through decades and threat traditional intermediary parties, on the other side it faces many obstacles stumbling blocks to be fully operated in different fields. This paper try to address the mechanism of blockchain technology, and how it works in simple words, then determine the possible applications of blockchain, and how to make best use of this technology, and finally the threats and challenges of blockchain.
Leonando Ismanto, H Suwito Ar, Ahmad Nurul Fajar, Sfenrianto Sfenrianto · 5 authors
Abstract The progress of technology and information system force digitalization process such as e-commerce to emerge. In Indonesia, the utilization of e-commerce has flourished because it has many benefits and advantages to broaden the market and stay competitive. However, it is faced with many challenges such as fraud, commission fees, limited contact between buyer and seller and misuse of personal data. Blockchain implementation has the potential to solve this problem with increased security and transparency through the implementation of cryptocurrency in payment and smart contracts. This paper explores the usage of the blockchain, cryptocurrency and smart contract to e-commerce for a secure and efficient transaction in Indonesia. The result will be used to propose blockchain technology as e-commerce platform architecture and systems in Indonesia.
Smart grid adalah salah satu komponen dari smart city yang memperkenalkan komunikasi dua arah antara pelanggan dengan perusahaan penyedia listrik. Salah satu masalah yang dapat terjadi pada jaringan smart grid adalah data pelanggan yang jatuh ke pihak yang tidak bertanggungjawab karena saluran transmisi yang tidak aman. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan blockchain dan kriptografi dapat diterapkan pada jaringan smart grid untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Blockchain memberikan keamanan tambahan untuk penyimpanan data pada pusat pengatur jaringan dan kriptografi memberikan kerahasiaan dan autentikasi pada pertukaran data dalam jaringan. Sistem yang baru diciptakan ini harus bisa menyesuaikan frekuensi pengambilan data pada jaringan smart grid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu komputasi yang dibutuhkan dari kedua proses tersebut dengan menyusun suatu simulasi jaringan smart grid. Simulasi dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi MATLAB dan tersusun dari dua program utama, yaitu program kriptografi menggunakan algoritma RSA dan program pembuatan blockchain sederhana. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa rentang waktu komputasi RSA pada suatu jaringan smart grid lebih cepat dari frekuensi pengambilan data yang ditentukan, yaitu sebesar satu menit. Sementara itu, rentang waktu penyusunan blockchain dengan ketentuan tertentu tidak dapat memenuhi persyaratan yang sama.
In economic development, transactions have become the routine of the people. Currently there are many transactions that are growing, one of which is Bitcoin. Bitcoin is one of the technologies of cryptocurreny which is then used. Bitcoin is a digital currency in the open source P2P payment network system. But the value of the Bitcoin body is not fixed, Bitcoin values often change over time. One of the causes of changing the value of Bitcoin is VGA. This role of VGA card to process Bitcoin encryption data because GPU (brain of VGA) has more core to process CPU, increase Bitcoin value and influence graphics card price. In this paper will rise the value of rising and falling value of Bitcoin which affects the price of the graphics card.Keyword: Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency, VGA, GPUAbstrakDalam perkembangan ekonomi, transaksi sudah menjadi rutinitas masyarat. Saat ini sudah banyak jenis transaksi yang berkembang, salah satunya adalah Bitcoin. Bitcoin merupakan salah satu teknologi dari cryptocurreny yang sering digunakan. Bitcoin adalah mata uang digital yang berada di dalam system jaringan pembayaran open source P2P. Namun nilai dari suatu Bitcoin tidak tetap, nilai Bitcoin sering berubah seiring berjalannya waktu. Salah satu penyebab berubahnya nilai dari Bitcoin adalah VGA. Peran VGA card ini untuk memproses enkripsi data Bitcoin karena GPU (otak dari VGA) mempunyai core yang lebih banyak untuk memproses instruksi dalam satu waktu dibandingkan CPU, sehingga naiknya nilai Bitcoin juga mempengaruhi harga kartu grafis. Dalam paper ini akan mengevaluasi perbandingan naik dan turunnya nilai Bitcoin yang mempengaruhi harga kartu grafis.Kata Kunci: Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency, VGA, GPU
Ali Alammary, Samah Alhazmi, Marwah Almasri, Saira Gillani
Recently, blockchain technology has gained considerable attention from researchers and practitioners. This is mainly due to its unique features including decentralization, security, reliability, and data integrity. Despite this growing interest, little is known about the current state of knowledge and practice regarding the use of blockchain technology in education. This article is a systematic review of research investigating blockchain-based educational applications. It focuses on three main themes: (1) educational applications that have been developed with blockchain technology, (2) benefits that blockchain technology could bring to education, and (3) challenges of adopting blockchain technology in education. A detailed results analysis of each theme was conducted as well as an intensive discussion based on the findings. This review also offers insight into other educational areas that could benefit from blockchain technology.
Muhammad Amir Husairi Che Rani, Ahmad Dahlan Salleh
Bitcoin is the most popular virtual currency in a virtual community. Appearing with various innovations that focus on transforming the worldwide monetary system, bitcoin is confronted with legitimacy constrain, absence of regulation and becomes a platform of legal violation. In general, this article will discuss on the mechanism of bitcoin operation as well as malaah (best interest) and mafsadah (harm) that exist in the bitcoin financial system in the actualization of the concept of if al-Ml (safeguarding properties). Moreover, this article also lists some views of Islamic scholar and fatwas related to the status of bitcoin according to Shariah and conduct analysis on the relevance of bitcoin usage as a medium of payment according to the perspective of siysah shar'iyyah. The outcome of this discussion explains the arguments, reasons and the laws of bitcoin usage as currency and means of payment according to Shariah.
Blockchain technology, and more specifically Bitcoin (one of its foremost applications), have been receiving increasing attention in the scientific community. The first publications with Bitcoin as a topic, can be traced back to 2012. In spite of this short time span, the production magnitude (1162 papers) makes it necessary to make a bibliometric study in order to observe research clusters, emerging topics, and leading scholars. Our paper is aimed at studying the scientific production only around bitcoin, excluding other blockchain applications. Thus, we restricted our search to papers indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection, whose topic is "bitcoin". This database is suitable for such diverse disciplines such as economics, engineering, mathematics, and computer science. This bibliometric study draws the landscape of the current state and trends of Bitcoin-related research in different scientific disciplines.
In the present paper, an extension of the Bitcoin (BTC) structure is introduced, with a proprietary and unique DLCC (Digital Learning Chain Structure) blockchain, through which an automated bursary payment system could be constituted, which has, until this day, never been implemented at universities. Thus, an alternative is offered to achieve a bursary payment system, operating in a fully automatic, periodically repeating manner, never requiring supervision. In the DLCC blockchain, specifically, in the Smart Contract, the terms of contract are kept, concerning the bursaries, terms agreed by both parties (students and universities alike). A great advantage of the DLCC system is that it is able to extract the required grades from the electronic grade book, thus supervising the students' progress throughout the semesters. Upon reaching the end of each semester, if the student qualifies, meeting the requirements, the system will transfer the required quantity of cryptocurrency from the university's account automatically to the student's account.
Filka Catur Windiastuti, MA Muh. Muinudinillah Basri
The existence of money makes buy and sell transactions easy from the barter system. However, the increase ofworld economic globalization has resulted in the increasing need for the speed, convenience and security of financial transactions. The emergence of cryptocurrency becomes the answer to the constraints faced by the current payment system which is very dependent on the third party as the trusted payment product publishing company to manage digital transactions. One of the cryptocurrency products is Inacoin which is created by Indonesian. However, the regulations in Indonesia concerning the use of cryptocurrency are still having many pros and cons. BI and OJK still do not allow to use cryptocurrency, while BAPPEBTI has legalized it to be traded. This research is a qualitative research which uses multimethod approach, namely the normative-empirical Islamic law approach. The concept of money in Islamic economics is different from the concept of money in conventional economics. In Islamic economics, the concept of money strongly states that money is money, money is not capital. Conversely, the concept of money in conventional economics is often interpreted back and forth, namely money is money and money is capital. The existence of Inacoin cannot be stated as money because there are unmet requirements and criteria. Besides, the use of Inacoin is more dominant as a commodity which is traded not as money. Inacoin buy and sell transaction is legal, but forbidden in Islam. It is because Inacoin has fulfilled the principles and requirements of al-Ṣarf, but it violates some of the elements which are prohibited in Islam such as maysir (gambling) and gharar (uncertainty). Therefore, it is feared that it will bring harms to users. Keywords : Inacoin, Cryptocurrency, Al-Ṣarf