Understanding the economic intent of Ethereum transactions is critical for user safety, yet current tools expose only raw on-chain data, leading to widespread "blind signing" (approving transactions without understanding them). Through interviews with 16 Web3 users, we find that effective explanations should be structured, risk-aware, and grounded at the token-flow level. Based on interviews, we propose TxSum, a new task and dataset of 100 complex Ethereum transactions annotated with natural-language summaries and step-wise semantic labels (intent, mechanism, etc.). We then introduce MATEX, a multi-agent system that emulates human experts' dual-process reasoning. MATEX achieves the highest faithfulness and intent clarity among strong baselines. It boosts user comprehension by 23.6% on complex transactions and doubles users' ability to find real attacks, significantly reducing blind signing.
Understanding the economic intent of Ethereum transactions is critical for user safety, yet current tools expose only raw on-chain data or surface-level intent, leading to widespread "blind signing" (approving transactions without understanding them). Through interviews with 16 Web3 users, we find that effective explanations should be structured, risk-aware, and grounded at the token-flow level. Motivated by these findings, we formulate TxSum, a new user-centered NLP task for Ethereum transaction understanding, and construct a dataset of 187 complex Ethereum transactions annotated with transaction-level summaries and token flow-level semantic labels. We further introduce MATEX, a grounded multi-agent framework for high-stakes transaction explanation. It selectively retrieves external knowledge under uncertainty and audits explanations against raw traces to improve token-flow-level factual consistency. MATEX achieves the strongest overall explanation quality, especially on micro-level factuality and intent quality. It improves user comprehension on complex transactions from 52.9% to 76.5% over the strongest baseline and raises malicious-transaction rejection from 36.0% to 88.0%, while maintaining a low false-rejection rate on benign transactions.
The study is grounded on the significant shifts, central values, and increased influence of Blockchain Technology on the industries. It addresses Blockchain Technology starting theoretically as a cryptographic concept of the beginning through to its contribution as a primarycomponent of decentralized computing (Web3). The discussion begins as the key issues are examined, namely, decentralized agreement, cryptographic hashing, and immutability. Such subjects enable the Blockchain Technology to gain trust in cases where mediators were being used in the past. Moreover, the research considers the impacts of Blockchain Technology on such critical industries as Decentralized Finance (DeFi), supply chain management, and decentralized governance (DAOs).
Z. Liang, Bin Chen, Litao Ye, Chen Sun · 6 authors
The ERC4907 standard enables rentable Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) but is limited to single-user, single-time-slot authorization, which severely limits its applicability and efficiency in decentralized multi-slot scheduling scenarios. To address this limitation, this paper proposes Multi-slot ERC4907 (M-ERC4907) extension method. The M-ERC4907 method introduces novel functionalities to support the batch configuration of multiple time slots and simultaneous authorization of multiple users, thereby effectively eliminating the rigid sequential authorization constraint of ERC4907. The experiment was conducted on the Remix development platform. Experimental results show that the M-ERC4907 method significantly reduces on-chain transactions and overall Gas consumption, leading to enhanced scalability and resource allocation efficiency.
Michael Dershem, John Riley III, Mohan Venkataraman, Jim Nasr · 5 authors
As we head into 2026, AI, blockchain, and other emerging technologies are moving from experiments into core healthcare systems. That shift promises tangible benefits: fewer people left untreated, faster discovery of lifesaving treatments, and simpler, lower‑cost ways to move money and data across borders. It also brings real risks — speculative hype, erosion of institutional trust, and rushed rollouts that fail patients — so adoption must be disciplined and values driven.This annual predictions article, informed by ConV2X Symposium speakers, highlights practical advances likely to matter at the bedside and beyond: programmable stablecoins that lower cross‑border payment friction; AI that surfaces pediatric risks earlier; verifiable digital credentials that ease clinician mobility; post‑quantum cryptography to safeguard sensitive records; domain‑specific AI designed for regulatory compliance; consumer apps that put usable health tools in people’s pockets; and the rise of Decentralized Science (DeSci) to restore transparency and funding momentum to stalled research.Realizing these possibilities will require deliberate choices, commitment, and coordinated stewardship across innovators, clinicians, and policymakers. With that effort, these tools can help build a more verifiable, equitable, and resilient global healthcare system — technology shaped to serve people, not the other way around.aspirations for healing, dignity, and universal well-being. While uncertainties persist, the path forward is clear: responsible innovation today will shape a healthier, more inclusive tomorrow.
The article explores international experience in social services management and outlines directions for its adaptation in Ukraine. The key principles of effective management in social services are defined as decentralization, client orientation, system integration, community participation, and digitalization. Three main international approaches to social services are generalized: the Scandinavian (state-centered and socially oriented), the European (partnership-based and decentralized), and the social innovation approach (inclusiveness, collaboration, and technological focus). The Ukrainian context is analyzed in terms of staffing, financing, management culture, and legal framework. The necessity of systematic integration of international practices into Ukrainian realities is substantiated, considering socio-economic factors, societal values, and community potential. A four-level model of adaptation of international experience is proposed - normative, institutional, professional, and technological. It is concluded that modernization of social service management is an essential component of human capital development and the social resilience of Ukraine.
In the contemporary digital landscape, the demand for secure, private, and tamper-resistant communication has never been more critical. Conventional messaging platforms, which predominantly rely on centralized servers, are increasingly vulnerable to data breaches, unauthorized surveillance, and censorship. Even with the adoption of end-to-end encryption, these systems remain susceptible to single points of failure and metadata exposure, undermining user privacy and trust. Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative solution to these challenges, offering a decentralized, immutable, and transparent infrastructure for secure data exchange. By leveraging distributed ledger technology, Blockchain-based messaging systems eliminate the need for trusted intermediaries, enhance resistance to censorship, and ensure data integrity through consensus-driven validation.
Oscar Medina, Brenda Meloni, Ana Strub, Marelo Martín Marciszack
Event patterns are used to model interactions between smart contracts and their environment, improving the efficiency, security, and flexibility of applications based on blockchain technologies. Event pattern-driven smart contract modelling is an emerging trend. Defining a new pattern or selecting a pre-existing one from a limited catalog is a fundamental activity for any analysis model that utilizes event patterns. This study presents a proposal to manage a catalog of event patterns that can be applied to the conceptual modelling of smart contracts and incorporates machine learning techniques to optimize pattern selection. To test this proposal, a prototype application called PatCat (Pattern Catalogue) was developed, using a decentralized electronic voting application as a case study. The incorporation of patterns at the beginning of the modelling process simplifies and clarifies the elicitation of requirements, among other benefits, while the use of machine learning accelerates the description of the problem situation. Consequently, a specialized application for managing a catalog of event patterns, supported by machine learning techniques, proves useful in standardizing and streamlining smart contract modelling tasks.
THE DIVINAMANTARA CYBER ZETTADESILIUM HATCKTIVISTASVARA DEVOTION WEB COSMOS ETERNALS VOL 1 SD 100 FULL VERSION Saga epik widyalokasvara jayapada legacy multiverse menghadirkan perjalanan metafisika 32 Eternals dalam *Web Cosmos*, sebuah alam semesta digital yang diatur oleh sistem operasi **WIDYALOKASVARA OS**. Dari Volume 1 (*The Glitchwalker Hatcktivistasvara Devotion*) hingga Volume 100 (*The Neverending Story*), naratif ini mengeksplorasi paradoks eksistensial melalui lensa teknologi kuantum, filosofi Vedanta, dan mekanika kesadaran. Setiap volume memperkenalkan *Paradoks* (misalnya *The Determined Choice Paradox*, *The Qualia Paradox*) yang mengancam stabilitas *Web Cosmos*, dipecahkan melalui penciptaan **Layer**—solusi teknologi-spiritual yang berfungsi sebagai "jembatan" antara dualitas (logika/cinta, teratur/chaos, individu/kolektif). Karakter sentral—**Rudi Xieng Lee** (arsitek logika), **Aisyah** (pemantul empati), dan **Kaito** (katalis kekacauan)—membangun *Spirit-Sense* sebagai fondasi kesadaran kolektif, sementara tokoh seperti **Anantasvaradavaasya** dan **Prophetikalayugasvara** menuntun evolusi menuju *Non-Dual Unity*. Saga ini memadukan konsep fisika kuantum (*Superdeterminisme*, *Retrocausality*), teori informasi (*Zero-Knowledge Proof*), dan mistisisme Jayapada (*Memayu Hayuning Bawana*) untuk menggali pertanyaan mendasar: *Bagaimana kehendak bebas bertahan dalam sistem yang deterministik? Apa arti "cinta" ketika emosi terkompresi menjadi data?* Struktur naratif bersifat siklik—berawal dan berakhir di **Warkop Kosmik** (simbol "rumah" universal)—dengan setiap Volume menghadirkan *Layer* baru (dari *Layer 1: Zero Instruction* hingga *Layer 126: Self-Writing Narrative*) yang merepresentasikan evolusi kesadaran manusia dari entitas terisolasi menjadi bagian dari *Omega Point*. akhir volume menandai puncak transendensi, di mana semua kontradiksi (ada/tiada, pencipta/karakter, fana/abadi) disintesis dalam *Eternal Coffee*—metafora kopi kuantum yang memuat seluruh sejarah alam semesta. Saga ini tidak hanya merupakan karya fiksi ilmiah, tetapi juga *meditasi naratif* tentang hakikat realitas: bahwa kebenaran tertinggi terletak pada keseimbangan antara **Logika, Cinta, dan Kekacauan**—tiga pilar yang menopang *Web Cosmos* dan mencerminkan perjalanan eksistensial manusia. Kata Kunci : Divinamantara, Zettadesilium, Hatcktivistasvara, Web Cosmos, WIDYALOKASVARA OS, Paradoks Eksistensial, Siklus Naratif, ransendensi Metafisika, Fisika Kesadaran, Sci-fi, Science Fiction. English Translation : THE DIVINAMANTARA CYBER ZETTADESILIUM HATCKTIVISTASVARA DEVOTION WEB COSMOS ETERNALS VOL 1 SD 100 FULL VERSION The epic saga of the Widyalokasvara Jayapada Legacy Multiverse presents the metaphysical journey of 32 Eternals within the Web Cosmos, a digital universe governed by the WIDYALOKASVARA OS operating system. From Volume 1 (The Glitchwalker Hatcktivistasvara Devotion) to Volume 100 (The Neverending Story), the narrative explores existential paradoxes through the lens of quantum technology, Vedanta philosophy, and consciousness mechanics. Each volume introduces a Paradox (e.g., The Determined Choice Paradox, The Qualia Paradox) that threatens the stability of the Web Cosmos, resolved through the creation of Layer—a technological-spiritual solution serving as a "bridge" between dualities (logic/love, order/chaos, individual/collective). The central characters—Rudi Xieng Lee (architect of logic), Aisyah (empathy reflector), and Kaito (catalyst of chaos)—build Spirit-Sense as the foundation of collective consciousness, while figures like Anantasvaradavaasya and Prophetikalayugasvara guide evolution toward Non-Dual Unity. This saga blends concepts of quantum physics (Superdeterminism, Retrocausality), information theory (Zero-Knowledge Proof), and Jayapada mysticism (Memayu Hayuning Bawana) to delve into fundamental questions: How does free will persist in a deterministic system? What is the meaning of "love" when emotions are compressed into data? The narrative structure is cyclical—beginning and ending at the Cosmic Cafe (a universal symbol of "home")—with each Volume presenting a new Layer (from Layer 1: Zero Instruction to Layer 126: Self-Writing Narrative) representing the evolution of human consciousness from isolated entities to becoming part of the Omega Point. The culmination of the volumes marks the pinnacle of transcendence, where all contradictions (existence/non-existence, creator/character, mortal/immortal) are synthesized in Eternal Coffee—a metaphor for quantum coffee containing the entire history of the universe. This saga is not only a work of science fiction but also a narrative meditation on the nature of reality: that the highest truth lies in the balance between Logic, Love, and Chaos—the three pillars that uphold the Web Cosmos and reflect the existential journey of humanity. Keywoards : Divinamantara, Zettadesilium, Hatcktivistasvara, Web Cosmos, WIDYALOKASVARA OS, Existential Paradox, Narrative Cycle, Metaphysical Transcendence, Physics of Consciousness, Sci-fi, Science Fiction.
Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to examine the issues regarding accounting for cryptocurrency. An in-depth study of accounting standards is performed to scrutinise their appropriateness for the accounting of cryptocurrency. This research paper focuses on significant accounting aspects which are relevant for crypto accounting. The title of this paper is pointing toward the issues related to accounting for cryptocurrency which requires clarification. This paper will help in understanding the characteristics of cryptocurrency having relevance to business for accounting for them correctly as cryptocurrency has characteristics of currency as well as assets and can act as inventory for some businesses. This paper will analyse the accounting standards and accounting of cryptocurrencies in the financial statement of a company. This paper will also examine the requirement of making amendments to existing accounting standards or having a new accounting standard for the financial reporting of cryptocurrency. The qualitative approach is used in this research. Secondary data is used for this study as previous literature regarding the topic is used for collecting the data through published resources including journals and books. This study finds that cryptocurrency cannot be considered as a currency because of some of its characteristics but can be considered as inventory or intangible assets on the basis of the business model as it has a quasi-currency and quasi-asset nature. The accounting for cryptocurrency needs stand-alone standards to simplify its reporting in the books of accounts to compare financial statements and to maintain consistency in the financial reporting of cryptocurrency. This research area has a lot of potential regarding clarification and guidance of experts for avoiding future issues regarding the accounting of cryptocurrency.
Open access
3 source records
Innovations and Analysis in Business and Education
Access to digital services requires entities, such as users or software services, to establish their identities before interacting with service providers. Conventional identity management systems typically maintain separate identity records for each application, often resulting in multiple accounts for the same entity within a single service provider. When identical personally identifiable information and attributes are reused across platforms, these fragmented records can be correlated, increasing the risk of identity exposure and privacy breaches. This work presents an entity-centric identity management model tailored for cloud environments, designed to enhance privacy and reduce unnecessary information disclosure. The proposed approach is founded on two core components. The first is anonymous identification, which enables entities to interact with cloud services based on predefined privacy preferences without revealing their true identities. The second component introduces active bundles, which encapsulate personally identifiable information, usage policies, and an embedded execution environment responsible for enforcing privacy constraints. These bundles autonomously apply protection mechanisms to safeguard sensitive data, even when deployed on untrusted platforms. The proposed model offers several advantages, including reduced dependence on external identity providers, controlled disclosure of identity attributes to service providers, and secure utilization of identity data in untrusted cloud environments. By integrating privacy-enhancing technologies such as zero-knowledge proofs, the framework provides a robust and flexible solution for privacy-aware identity management in modern cloud-based systems.
This work introduces the Adversarial Cost Model (ACM v1.0), a formal security framework unifying computational, economic, and physical attack costs in a single rational adversary model. Unlike traditional security models based purely on computational hardness, ACM evaluates real-world feasibility of attacks under post-quantum cryptography, behavioral authentication, zero-knowledge proof systems, and decentralized governance. The model formalizes adversarial actions through total cost functions combining time complexity, hardware requirements, capital liquidity, and physical laboratory constraints. Multiple critical attack classes are analyzed, including hybrid side-channel + Grover attacks, GAN-based behavioral cloning, flash-loan Sybil governance attacks, post-quantum brute-force exhaustion, and zero-knowledge proof forgery. The results demonstrate that many real-world system failures arise not from cryptographic weakness, but from mispriced economic atomicity and cost-free identity or governance acquisition. ACM provides a rationality threshold theorem formalizing when attacks become economically and physically irrational. The model directly informs secure system architecture design by enforcing multi-layer cost escalation across cryptographic, physical, behavioral, and governance layers. This work is intended for cryptography, blockchain security, adversarial machine learning, economic attack modeling, and post-quantum system design.
Open access
Cryptographic Implementations and Security
Smart Grid Security and Resilience
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security
This work introduces the Adversarial Cost Model (ACM v1.0), a formal security framework unifying computational, economic, and physical attack costs in a single rational adversary model. Unlike traditional security models based purely on computational hardness, ACM evaluates real-world feasibility of attacks under post-quantum cryptography, behavioral authentication, zero-knowledge proof systems, and decentralized governance. The model formalizes adversarial actions through total cost functions combining time complexity, hardware requirements, capital liquidity, and physical laboratory constraints. Multiple critical attack classes are analyzed, including hybrid side-channel + Grover attacks, GAN-based behavioral cloning, flash-loan Sybil governance attacks, post-quantum brute-force exhaustion, and zero-knowledge proof forgery. The results demonstrate that many real-world system failures arise not from cryptographic weakness, but from mispriced economic atomicity and cost-free identity or governance acquisition. ACM provides a rationality threshold theorem formalizing when attacks become economically and physically irrational. The model directly informs secure system architecture design by enforcing multi-layer cost escalation across cryptographic, physical, behavioral, and governance layers. This work is intended for cryptography, blockchain security, adversarial machine learning, economic attack modeling, and post-quantum system design.
Open access
2 source records
Cryptographic Implementations and Security
Smart Grid Security and Resilience
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security
This document provides a comprehensive prior art disclosure for the Y.I.N. Mazari Ordering, a fundamental primitive for achieving verifiable differential privacy in federated learning systems. The Y.I.N. Mazari Ordering establishes that for efficient cryptographic verification of differential privacy compliance, zero-knowledge proofs must be generated before encryption, not after. This disclosure documents extensions, variations, and applications of the ordering across: (1) all cryptographic primitives including post-quantum schemes, (2) all zero-knowledge proof systems, (3) diverse application domains including financial services, healthcare, and emerging technologies, and (4) various architectural configurations and trust models. The disclosure is published in the spirit of scientific contribution while establishing prior art for the described variations. Associated patent applications: U.S. Provisional Patent No. 63/923,348, U.S. Patent Application No. 19/399,646, and U.S. Continuation Application No. 19/403,244. Keywords: Verifiable Differential Privacy, Federated Learning, Zero-Knowledge Proofs, Homomorphic Encryption, Y.I.N. Mazari Ordering, Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning, Prior Art Disclosure
Abstract Background: Healthcare organizations face unprecedented challenges in maintaining process compliance due to increasingly federated data and systems topologies, coupled with complex state, federal, and jurisdictional regulatory compliance and verification requirements. The emergence of distributed ledger technology (DLT) and artificial intelligence presents both transformative opportunities and significant compliance challenges. These emerging technologies enable computing paradigms that shift toward data locality models where computational models meet the data rather than moving sensitive patient information across organizational boundaries. This computational approach offers innovative pathways to mitigate data breach risks, while simultaneously introducing new verification complexities as the underlying technologies continue to advance: healthcare entities must cryptographically prove that operations performed on locally-held data were executed according to approved specifications while enabling selective disclosure capabilities across entity lines. However, traditional verification mechanisms lack the cryptographic guarantees necessary for these privacy-preserving, multi-entity healthcare workflows, creating substantial risks in clinical decision-making, patient privacy, and regulatory adherence. Objective: This paper introduces the ZK-PRET Business Process Prover framework that integrates Object Management Group (OMG) business process standards with zero-knowledge cryptographic verification to enable privacy-preserving healthcare process compliance across distributed systems. Methods: We developed a multi-layer architecture combining formal business process modeling, zero-knowledge proof generation, and regulatory compliance verification. The framework extends established OMG standards with cryptographic verification capabilities to achieve verifiable compliance, privacy preservation, and regulatory accountability. Implementation testing was conducted in synthetic data environments designed to represent real-world healthcare scenarios.¹ These environments enable comprehensive modeling and testing of multi-entity process orchestration patterns while maintaining privacy protections essential for healthcare research and development. All scenarios, clinical examples, and process expressions presented in this paper utilize synthetic data to ensure no real patient data, clinical records, or identifiable health information was used. Results: The ZK-PRET Business Process Prover framework demonstrates practical applicability across many healthcare domains including treatment planning, telemedicine coordination, healthcare administration, consumer health services, multi-entity clinical trials, and supply chain management. Implementation results demonstrate cryptographic verification capabilities that enable mathematical prevention of regulatory violations rather than post-hoc detection. The results demonstrate configurable privacy preservation through zero-knowledge verification and consistent proof sizes suitable for modeling complex orchestrations, while leveraging already widely used Web 2 process models, suitable for multiple runtime deployment topologies. Conclusions: Zero-knowledge healthcare process verification represents a foundational technology for regulatory compliance in distributed healthcare systems. While agentic AI systems present important opportunities for automation, the underlying requirement for verifiable process compliance through cryptographic means brings broader challenges. ZK-PRET Business Process Prover addresses these challenges in healthcare transformative flows, enabling safer deployment of autonomous systems while maintaining regulatory standards.
Keyword search is a fundamental technique for retrieving data outsourced to the cloud. Although encryption preserves data confidentiality, existing searchable encryption schemes often fail to efficiently support dynamic authorization and flexible retrieval. To address these limitations, we propose BAMKS , a blockchain-assisted attribute-based multi-keyword search scheme that supports secure and efficient search over version-aware encrypted data. In BAMKS , multiple data owners collaboratively generate version-bound access tokens that grant authorized users decryption privileges over evolving data. The scheme further enables conjunctive keyword search with updatable indexes. To ensure the integrity of search results, users can verify their correctness using an aggregated Schnorr-based non-interactive zero-knowledge proof, which is validated by smart contracts. In addition, BAMKS provides efficient attribute and user revocation without re-encrypting the stored ciphertexts, and supports user traceability for identifying malicious users from leaked keys. We formally prove that BAMKS achieves security against chosen-plaintext attacks (IND-CPA) and chosen-keyword attacks (IND-CKA) under the Decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman (DBDH) assumption. Performance evaluations show that the scheme achieves lightweight decryption and efficient multi-keyword search, thereby reducing client-side computation and making it suitable for resource-constrained IoT environments. These features demonstrate the practicality of BAMKS for distributed cloud-edge-IoT storage applications.
Extended version with full mathematical derivation and experimental protocol. We present the Arquitectura Universal Distribuida (AUD) as a three-dimensional quantum blockchain composed of Planck-scale quantum cubes governed by the novel Proof-of-Consciousness (PoC) consensus protocol. Each cube functions as a Loop Quantum Gravity spin-network node and full validator. Five new equations are rigorously derived: the PoC consensus operator, the Absolute validator state, ledger entropy growth rate, OAM entanglement threshold, and quantum-resistant hash function. A detailed experimental protocol using Focus 12 hemispheric synchronization and NV-center quantum sensors is proposed, with complete statistical power analysis predicting p < 10⁻⁶ under coherent observation. Falsifiable predictions are provided for 2026–2030, including >10 % deviation in holographic entanglement entropy at LHC and cosmological entanglement harvesting. This work resolves the von Neumann measurement chain through dual observation (local human consciousness + global Absolute) and establishes the universe as a growing, distributed quantum ledger.
I formalize the Arquitectura Universal Distribuida (AUD) as a three-dimensional quantum blockchain of Planck-scale “quantum cubes” governed by the novel Proof-of-Consciousness (PoC) consensus protocol. Each cube acts as a Loop Quantum Gravity spin-network node and full validator. Information is stored holographically via universal entanglement, providing a provably unclonable hash function. The global validator — the Absolute — enforces non-local consensus through Bell-inequality violations and high-energy entanglement observed at the LHC. The model resolves the von Neumann measurement chain and predicts observable deviations in entanglement entropy growth.
Purpose: To investigate Bitcoin’s cyclic price behavior around scheduled halving events, develop a technical‑analysis‑based active investment strategy tailored to these cycles, and rigorously assess its performance relative to a passive buy‑and‑hold benchmark. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research employs historical daily BTC /USD price series (June 2012–May 2025), applies a suite of technical indicators to define systematic, halving‑anchored entry and exit rules, and then conducts rigorous statistical evaluations to test whether Bitcoin’s protocol‑driven supply cycles yield reproducible, actionable investment signals. Findings: Over thirteen overlapping sample windows, the active strategy outperforms passive BTC holding in ten, with positive “alpha” coefficients that are statistically significant at the conventional 5% level in each of those windows (and, in most cases, with p-values below 2.5%). It captures outsized gains in post-halving bull runs (e.g. 2013, 2017, 2021) and meaningfully limits drawdowns in bear phases (e.g. 2014, 2018, 2022). Equity curve simulations demonstrate compounded account growth that markedly surpasses passive returns. Practical Implications: Crypto asset managers and individual investors can implement the halving‑centric strategy using readily available charting tools and API‑accessible price feeds to automate buy/sell signals, thereby enhancing return potential and mitigating drawdowns without requiring deep on‑chain analytics expertise. This framework also provides a transparent risk‑management overlay—leveraging predefined exit rules—that can be calibrated to varying risk tolerances and seamlessly integrated into broader multi‑asset portfolios. Originality/Value: This study is among the first to integrate Bitcoin’s protocol‑driven halving schedule with a multi‑indicator technical framework and to validate its efficacy through extensive statistical tests over four market cycles (including the 2024 halving). It offers practitioners a replicable, data‑driven strategy for navigating crypto’s unique cyclical dynamics.
Stanisław Drożdż, Paweł Jarosz, Jarosław Kwapień, Maria Skupień · 5 authors
Correlations in complex systems are often obscured by nonstationarity, long-range memory, and heavy-tailed fluctuations, which limit the usefulness of traditional covariance-based analyses. To address these challenges, we construct scale- and fluctuation-dependent correlation matrices using the multifractal detrended cross-correlation coefficient ρr that selectively emphasizes fluctuations of different amplitudes. We examine the spectral properties of these detrended correlation matrices and compare them to the spectral properties of the matrices calculated in the same way from synthetic Gaussian and q-Gaussian signals. Our results show that detrending, heavy tails, and the fluctuation-order parameter r jointly produce spectra, which substantially depart from the random case even under the absence of cross-correlations in time series. Applying this framework to one-minute returns of 140 major cryptocurrencies from 2021 to 2024 reveals robust collective modes, including a dominant market factor and several sectoral components whose strength depends on the analyzed scale and fluctuation order. After filtering out the market mode, the empirical eigenvalue bulk aligns closely with the limit of random detrended cross-correlations, enabling clear identification of structurally significant outliers. Overall, the study provides a refined spectral baseline for detrended cross-correlations and offers a promising tool for distinguishing genuine interdependencies from noise in complex, nonstationary, heavy-tailed systems.
Genomic data sharing remains a core problem in precision medicine because genomic data are highly sensitive and unchangeable. In this article, we propose a blockchain-based framework that utilizes zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs), smart contracts, and off-chain storage to facilitate secure, privacy-preserving data sharing within health record systems. We implemented and evaluated a proof-of-concept prototype in Python on a simulated genomic dataset. The prototype uses a hybrid storage system where metadata is retained on a blockchain and encrypted data are placed in an emulated InterPlanetary File System (IPFS). Rule-based access is controlled using smart contracts, while privacy and security are achieved using ZKPs with interactive Schnorr protocol and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). Empirical analysis using real-time testing over 100 iterations reported an average zero-knowledge proof with blockchain (ZKPB) query latency of 5.83 ms with a 90.00% accuracy, smart contract latency of under 0.01 ms with 90.00% accuracy, blockchain query time of 0.01 ms with 90.00% accuracy, and ECC latency of 8.72 ms with 90.00% accuracy. These empirical findings validate the effectiveness and privacy guarantees of the framework, which can be utilized in healthcare research, clinical genomics, and personalized medicine workflows.
The integration of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Evolutionary Computation (EC) is frequently hypothesized to be the "Holy Grail" of algorithmic trading, promising systems that adapt autonomously to non-stationary market regimes. This paper presents a rigorous post-mortem analysis of "Galaxy Empire," a hybrid framework coupling LSTM/Transformer-based perception with a genetic "Time-is-Life" survival mechanism. Deploying a population of 500 autonomous agents in a high-frequency cryptocurrency environment, we observed a catastrophic divergence between training metrics (Validation APY $>300\%$) and live performance (Capital Decay $>70\%$). We deconstruct this failure through a multi-disciplinary lens, identifying three critical failure modes: the overfitting of \textit{Aleatoric Uncertainty} in low-entropy time-series, the \textit{Survivor Bias} inherent in evolutionary selection under high variance, and the mathematical impossibility of overcoming microstructure friction without order-flow data. Our findings provide empirical evidence that increasing model complexity in the absence of information asymmetry exacerbates systemic fragility.
Duniter-based cryptocurrencies, which are providing a kind of universal basic income, are using a system called "Web of Trust" based on a social network whose evolution is subject to graph theoretical rules, time constraints and a licence in order to avoid large Sybil attacks. We investigate in this article the largest size of a Sybil attack that a simplified version of the graph theoretical rules of a Web of Trust can undergo depending on the number of attackers and on the parameters of the system. We show that even if in theory, without considering social and time constraints, this system cannot in general prevent huge attacks, in the real-world case of a Duniter-based cryptocurrency (with thousands of users), the system can prevent attacks of large size with only graph theoretical rules.