The purpose of the article is to identify system features of the mechanism of decentralized management of natural resources, adapted to European standards of management. Methodological approaches have been developed to create a system of mechanisms for managing natural resources in the context of decentralization of power in Ukraine. They are based on the principles of structural and project management, subsidiarity, good governance, public-private partnership and natural resource management with the participation of local communities, structural, project management and consolidated financing for the sustainable development of municipalities. The authors presented specific proposals on the creation of an environmental management system at the level of territorial communities and municipalities on the basis of the cluster-corporate economy by transferring them wide rights to use natural assets of local importance. The concept of an algorithm for the periodization of the process of decentralization of powers in the management of natural resources is developed until 2030, which will provide a transition to forms and methods of natural resources management that will effectively complete the European integration process in Ukraine.
The article analyzes the legal support of the reform of public authority decentralization in Ukraine. In this regard, we have indicated the normative legal acts, which laid the conceptual foundations of the municipal reform, in particular, the Concept for the Reform of Local Self-Government and Territorial Organization of Power in Ukraine, approved by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of April 1, 2014, the Law of Ukraine «On Principles of State Regional Policy» of February 5, 2015, «Strategy − 2020», approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine of January 15, 2015, No. 5/2015. Also, attention is focused on the Draft Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine (with regard to the decentralization of power)», previously approved by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on August 31, 2015, the final adoption of which is unjustifiably delayed. We have also indicated the legislative acts which created the legal basis for the formation of economically and financially viable territorial communities, as well as enhanced the process of community consolidation, in particular, the Law of Ukraine «On Cooperation of Territorial Communities» of June 17, 2014 and the Law of Ukraine «On Voluntary Association of Territorial Communities» of February 5, 2015, as amended. However, particular attention is paid to characterizing the draft legislative acts, which are to be addressed and adopted by the Parliament at the earliest possible time to successfully promote the local self-government reform, as well as to complete the process of association of territorial communities in Ukraine. In particular, it refers to the Law of Ukraine «On Principles of the Administrative and Territorial Order of Ukraine», the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On Voluntary Association of Territorial Communities (with regard to the perspective plans for the formation of territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, regions)», the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to the Law «On Regulation of Urban Development», the Law of Ukraine «On the Amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On Service in Bodies of Local Self-Government», the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On Civil Registration» and some other legislative acts of Ukraine on decentralization and bringing administrative services in the civil registration sphere closer to citizens.» We have concluded that, based on the real configuration of affairs regarding the formation of capable communities in Ukraine and taking into account foreign experience, it is considered appropriate to complete the municipal reform by administrative means by the next local elections in 2020.
Modern European integration of Ukraine provides for the revision of the main guidelines in the state policy for creating conditions for satisfying the needs and interests of children, and realization of their rights. In particular, the main factor in the field of childhood protection is the focus on the upbringing of the child in the family environment, in support of the family; as an alternative, in the absence of parental care, to create a child-friendly environment. This orientation requires changes in the social support of orphans and children deprived of parental care. The purpose of the research. The aim of the study is to highlight and analyze certain aspects of Ukraine’s innovation activities regarding social support for orphans and children deprived of parental care; determine innovative features of social protection of Ukrainian children in terms of parental care absence. Methodology. The use of methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization revealed the main tendencies of innovative activity of the state authorities regarding orphans and children deprived of parental care. Results and practical meaning. It has been found out that the innovative development of the Ukrainian social support system for orphans and children deprived of parental care is due to positive world experience and focused on the protection of the best interests of the child and the satisfaction of their vital needs; reforming social protection system requires active involvement of the state and civil society institutions, aimed at the deinstitutionalization of placement of orphans and children deprived of parental care, and reorientation of the principles of financial support for families with adopted children; special attention is paid to cooperation with business representatives and international donors. The following basic vectors of social support for orphans and children deprived of parental care have been stated: modernization of algorithms for financing establishments of institutional type, approval of co-financing mechanisms from state and local budgets, and approval of state standards for social care for families with specified category of children. Prospects for further research. The study and analysis of regional programs of social support for orphans and children deprived of parental care in terms of decentralization and funding have been identified as promising.
The purpose of the research is to improve the methodological approach to assessing the financial security of the region in the context of decentralization, which, unlike the existing ones, makes it possible to determine the ways of ensuring the financial security of the regions through an integrated assessment of the contribution of individual factors and types of regulation to the final state of the financial security of the territories. Methodology. The methodological approach to the assessment of the financial security of the region under decentralization has been improved based on the application of normalization of the system of indicators and construction of integral indices by the type of impact indicator (exogenous or endogenous) and factors: decentralization, socio-economic status and fiscal policy of the regions. Individual time series have been identified and evaluated for each of these integrated indicators. Results. Based on the research, the methodological approach to the assessment of the financial security of the region under decentralization conditions has been improved, which makes it possible to determine the ways of ensuring the financial security of the regions by assessing the contribution of individual factors and types of regulation to the financial security. These individual contributions are grouped together to reflect the type of impact indicator (exogenous or endogenous) and factors such as decentralization, socio-economic status and fiscal policies of the regions. The categories of integrated indicators proposed in the article are useful for monitoring financial security drivers, making it clear what affects the financial security of a country under decentralization, how systemic events in the process of decentralization affect the financial security of regions over time. Practical meaning. The research identified three groups of regions of Ukraine in terms of their financial security: financially secure regions, which during the entire observation period were ascertained: a high integral financial security index (Dnipropetrovsk, Kyiv regions) and a sufficient integral financial security index (Lviv, Zaporizhzhya, Odesa, Poltava and Kharkiv regions); financially unstable regions where there is a potential for strengthening financial security (Vinnytsia, Donetsk, Kirovohrad, Mykolaiv, Cherkasy regions), but there is also a likelihood of aggravation of a negative financial situation (Ivano-Frankivsk, Zhytomyr, Sumy, Kherson, Khmelnytsky, Chernihiv regions); financially dangerous regions, which are dependent on state support, are not able to independently fulfill the majority of delegated to the local level of authority and to finance the economic development of the region (Volyn, Luhansk, Transcarpathian, Rivne, Ternopil, Chernivtsi regions). Therefore, the advantage of using this system of integrated indicators is that they give the developers of national regional policy and internal regional policy an up-to-date picture of the financial security situation in the region, wider than that provided only by some unsystematic indicators. Prospects for further research. The prospect for further research should be to improve methodological support for the financial security of Ukrainian regions.
The purpose of the article is to study the forms of state participation in financing of culture in order to solve socio-cultural problems in the context of decentralization. The methodology of the research is characterized by a complex combination of general scientific (formal-logical, method of analysis and synthesis), philosophical (dialectical) and special (comparative, formal-legal) methods, which gave an opportunity to study the experience of other states and Ukraine in the sphere of state participation in financing of culture to overcome socio-cultural problems. The scientific novelty of the work lies in carrying out a comprehensive study of the state's participation in the financing of culture in Ukraine and in the world in order to overcome socio-cultural problems in the context of decentralization reform, and defining the forms of such participation. Conclusions. Ukraine takes direct and indirect participation in financing the culture in order to overcome socio-cultural problems regarding the decline of spirituality and prevention of a humanitarian catastrophe. The main forms of state participation in financing the culture include direct budget financing (at the expense of state and local budgets). Indirect participation provides certain special rights for more efficient use of own funds by budgetary institutions – cultural institutions.
The international experience of various countries of the world in the implementation, usage, and economic and legal status of cryptocurrency is compared in this research. The advantages and disadvantages of using cryptocurrency at the present stage of economic and scientific-technical development of Ukraine are considered. The results of the research of the awareness of market participants regarding the advantages and disadvantages of cryptocurrency and the presence of interest in the usage of cryptocurrency are given. The aim of this article is to study the possibilities of using cryptocurrency for economic development. The object of the research is the process of using cryptocurrency in the market in Ukraine, taking into account world experience. Practical implications. The results of a study of the demand for cryptocurrency in Ukraine. The research was conducted with the help of a questionnaire, as a result of which it was found out: the level of awareness of cryptocurrency; subjective perception of cryptocurrency; sources of awareness of cryptocurrency; the presence of the potential interest of Ukrainians in the acquisition of cryptocurrency. It was found what exactly Ukrainians consider the main advantages and disadvantages of cryptocurrency. Value/originality. Cryptocurrency as a means of payment and a type of electronic money is found in the most countries of the world in the “grey” zone, and regulators, if not prohibit, then at least do not recommend citizens to invest in such assets. However, the state of science and technology development of blockchain technologies, which are the basis of cryptocurrency, and the state of demand for cryptocurrency in the Ukrainian market are ready to use cryptocurrency. For the effective implementation of cryptocurrency, Ukraine lacks only the normative framework. Developing a regulatory framework in this area will help to bring cryptocurrency markets to stability. The introduction of international experience in the usage of cryptocurrency in Ukraine, the creation of own model of behaviour will be the first step towards building a transparent and understandable cryptocurrency market, which will lead to the development of the economy as a whole.
Миколаївський національний аграрний університет, Н. В. Лагодієнко, Ю. В. Волосюк, Миколаївський національний аграрний університет · 8 authors
Introduction. The paper examines and generalizes approaches to taxing cryptocurrencies in different countries of the world with the aim of identifying the most successful experience for its subsequent adaptation and application in the Ukrainian Legislation. The tendencies of the possible change of the cryptocurrencies control vector are revealed. The definitions of cryptocurrency are analyzed, possible variants of their legal status are determined. The analysis of prospects for establishing the legal status of cryptocurrencies in Ukraine is carried out. The draft laws on amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine were studied. It was established that in Ukraine there was not yet formed the legal framework for determining the legal status and regulation of cryptocurrencies and proposed ways to improve Ukrainian legislation in the sphere of cryptocurrency transactions. \n \nPurpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the global experience of cryptocurrency taxation in order to identify the best approaches to this problem in Ukraine. \n \nResults. Today, it is impossible to develop a universal mechanism for taxation of cryptocurrencies, since there are no single standards for the taxation of digital coins in the world. This is due to the fact that some countries do not want to recognize the use of digital money as legitimate, and countries that have given official status for cryptocurrencies use of their own approaches to taxation. The procedure for taxation of transactions using cryptocurrencies is governed by the national legislation of the member states. In this case, as a rule, the digital currency is treated as a commodity or an intangible asset, and not as a currency or money. \n \nConclusions. It has been proved that in the world practice several approaches to determining the legal status and taxation of cryptocurrencies with common trends have been formed. To date, Ukraine has not yet set up a legislative framework for the regulation of cryptocurrency, but there is a development of provisions and bills that need to be further elaborated.
The article describes the problem of forecasting prices of cryptocurrencies at the financial markets. Methods for analyzing and forecasting prices of cryptocurrencies at the financial markets are considered in detail. A trend indicator – moving averages – is considered as an auxiliary tool for technical analysis that helps to analyze and forecast prices of cryptocurrencies at the financial markets. During the study there were analyzed several methods of different categories, namely: SMA (Simple Moving Average), EMA (Exponential Moving Average), WMA (Weighted Moving Average). For analyzing moving averages, there were conducted the analysis, based on mean-square deviation together with the standard graphic analysis. The whole process was divided in several stages: a moving average was calculated, based on basic values; based on values of the calculated moving average, there was calculated a mean square deviation; deviation with the least numerical value was chosen among the massive of deviations. It has been revealed, that SMA has the least value of mean-square deviation, but EMA is the better choice, because EMA is most sensitive among considered moving averages, although an error extent is rater more.
The article identifies the peculiarities of the educational services provision in the region in the conditions of decentralization of power. It has been found out that at the present stage of state development, higher education is the driving force for changing and updating the country's social and economic status. Therefore, investment in higher education is the main factor by which the state influences not only the quality of educational services and the state of universities, but also the development of the economy as a whole. It has been found that the state plays an important role in organizing educational services at the regional level of the country, forming the legal field and financing the educational sector. The regulatory activities of the state can be implemented at the stage of planning, motivating, and organizing and include regulating and streamlining of socio-economic processes in higher education, guiding them in certain directions in accordance with certain goals and priorities, eliminating contradictions, obstacles, and deviations by appropriate measures. It has been found out that the regionalization of education, especially in the context of the decentralization of power, can be considered as a tool to achieve compliance with the educational needs of the region through the revitalization of its internal development resources.In turn, the educational needs of the region should be formed by means of education of those personal qualities that contribute to self-realization and vigorous civic activity.It has been determined that an important problem in the organization of educational services at all levels is accessability of education, which is socially acute with a transition to the level of higher education, which is not mandatory, but critically expedient and necessary prerequisite for ensuring quality life, social stability and prospects.It has been highlighted that in order to improve the performance of universities, there is an urgent need for the formation of a comprehensive system for managing the career process, which includes interrelated goals, functions, principles, structure and staffing.It has been concluded that establishing and ensuring the effective functioning of the mechanisms of regional management by education, especially higher education, will contribute to the formation of the level of educational services of a new type capable of introducing new principles and approaches into the practice of their activities, a new organizational culture, new technologies that will become essential components of intellectual technological infrastructure of the regional economy.
Topicality. It is caused by excessive centralization of powers and financial and material resources by the executive authorities, the inability of the territorial communities of the basic level to fulfill their powers, the deterioration of the quality and availability of public services due to the lack of financial and material provision. Aim and tasks. To investigate the economic aspects of administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine, to identify the main problems of financial provision of territorial communities of the baseline level. Research results. The model of budget relations implemented is aligned not by expenditures, but by income. Such a mechanism has a motivational component regarding the interest in increasing the revenue base of local budgets. At that time, the transition to equalization of local budgets by income led to an increase in the differentiation of communities. Most benefit was given to cities of regional significance whose incomes have increased significantly. Local government revenues consist of own revenues and transfers from the central level. Over the past 20 years, the tendency towards a decrease in the share of local budget revenues and the increase in the share of state budget revenues in the consolidated budget of Ukraine (without intergovernmental transfers) has been observed. The share of local budget revenues without transfers (own revenues) decreased by 1,5 times from 31,4 % in 2002 to 20,9 % in 2018. In the financing system of local self-government, during the study period, the share of transfers increased. The share of own revenues decreased almost 2 times, from 78,4 % in 2002 to 42,1 % in 2018, and the share of transfers increased from 21,6 % to 57,9 %, respectively. This dependence on transfers is of a serious scale: in 45 % of the united territorial communities (UTC) transfers in 2016 amounted to 75 % of revenues. The increase in the share of transfers in the budgets of local self-government, the dependence of the amount of transfers from central authorities and the inability to plan them, as well as the transfer of powers without adequate financial support, pose significant risks to the economic self-sufficiency of local communities. In 2016, 76 % of expenditures of local self-government bodies were performed on behalf of central authorities as financing of "delegated powers" (health care, education, social protection). At the same time, transfers from the central level accounted for only 57,9 % of local budget revenues. That is, a considerable part of delegated powers of local self-government bodies are forced to finance at the expense of their own income. As a result, they have little resources to fulfill their "own authority", namely the construction and repair of local roads and housing, the provision of utilities (water supply and sewerage, waste collection, heating, etc.), as well as local transport and development of " objects of culture and rest. Under the burden of current expenditures, the investment capacity of local self-government bodies is small. The authorities at the oblast and rayon level are not entirely self-governing, as regional and district levels act as local self-government bodies (regional and district councils), as well as executive bodies (oblast and rayon state administrations). The first few have very few powers, and their executive bodies are not created, although this is provided by the Concept. The latter are subordinate to the central authorities and they have a dominant role. All this complicates the assessment of changes at the regional and district levels in the context of financial decentralization. A prerequisite for the normal functioning and development of UTC is their economic self-sufficiency. This implies that the UTC revenues correspond to the expenditures necessary for the exercise of their own and delegated powers. An appropriate methodology is needed to carry out an assessment of the economic self-sufficiency of the communities. More than 4 years of decentralization reform have taken place, but there is no corresponding methodology. The lack of a methodology for assessing the economic self-sufficiency of the combined territorial is due to objective reasons. First, this is the lack of a clear and legally-established division of powers between the executive and local self-government bodies, as well as between the levels of the latter. Secondly, the lack of standards and norms of financial and infrastructural provision of public services (schools, kindergartens, paramedical outpatient departments, out-patient departments, engineering networks, etc.). Conclusions. The conducted study shows that Ukraine has a centralized system of incomes and expenditures, and the reform of financial decentralization has led to the opposite result, namely, to increase the dependence of local self-government on central authorities. The reform of financial decentralization in Ukraine tends to support a model that is more based on transfers than on its own revenue.
The subject of the research is the modern understanding of money and its interaction with cryptocurrencies and gold as an important aspect of the monetary policy. The purposes of the research were to define the concepts of commercial physical money and symbolic credit money and characterize the modern credit money while treating cryptocurrencies as specific tokens suitable for money transfers and other operations. The paper gives assessment of the blockchain technology as a promising IT product ft for practical use in many sectors of the economy. The role of gold in the modern economy is analyzed. The specific features of the new method of attracting investment — the initial coin offering (ICO) — are considered. It is noted that a new sector has emerged in the modern economy and its financial sphere with elements of self-organization based on IT products. The paper emphasizes the need for legal support of the issue and circulation of cryptocurrencies. It is asserted that nowadays gold has completely lost its monetary function and the reasons for its accumulation by the states are explained. The prospects for the coexistence of modern money and cryptocurrencies are evaluated. It is concluded that the money function of gold ceased in the twentieth century, which is an undisputable fact. The world of physical money is in the past. The current world gold market exists only thanks to the Washington Gold Agreement of 1999 renewable every five years. The world economy is still facing a difficult period of adjusting cryptocurrencies to being used as new tools in the world of credit money and securities.
For a couple of years, the cryptocurrency has made a splash in the world of economy, turning from virtual money into a huge market in its size and creating a new full-fledged ideology of money-crypto-economy. Cryptocurrency has a huge potential for development. Cryptocurrency is a digital currency that uses encryption technology to transfer value over the Internet. But today cryptocurrency is trading that most meets the needs of modern society. This form of currency works independently of the banking system and can use in many countries as cash. The relevance of the study is whether cryptocurrency has a positive impact on the development of the economy. The purpose of this article is studying the impact of the process of introduction and use of cryptocurrencies in the economy of Kazakhstan. This process is intensively developing.The key issue for a deeper understanding of the role cryptocurrency is determining their economic nature. Research methods include the stage of cryptocurrency analysis affecting the financial sector, the dynamics of the cryptocurrency market and the overall analysis of assets. For analysis, we paid attention to five cryptocurrencies with the largest capitalization and a large amount of data. The analysis revealed the main factors affecting the market price of cryptocurrency and ways to eliminate them. In addition, the main problems of introducing cryptocurrencies in Kazakhstan, such as the process of regulation of the cryptocurrency market identified and prospects analyzed. A new form of cryptocurrency uses pro-posed.
The article states that the cooperative movement has become widespread in order to overcome the socio-economic problems of rural communities and restructuring of the social system at the end of XIX at the beginning of the XX centuries in various regions of Ukraine, which subsequently became the national socio-economic phenomenon. The formation of service cooperatives was carried out through the creation of agricultural partnerships and their associations in cooperative unions, federations and development centers. It was proved that the formation of a cooperative movement did not take place without the intervention of public authorities, which in addition to the adoption of relevant normative documents constantly tried to impose their party ideology to the citizens through collaboration with cooperative system. It was established that at the same time the cooperative institutions influenced on the political life of the country through the financing of parties and fulfilling the propaganda work among the population. It was determined that the spread of cooperation was due to the mass involving of cooperatives and their institutions to the cultural-educational, information-educational and upbringing work. In particular, the special attention was paid to the creation of cooperative circles, schools, libraries, carrying out of demonstrative shows and exhibitions, organization of hire stations of agricultural machinery and equipment. The expediency of taking into account the historical experience of the formation and development of cooperation as a social and economic phenomenon in the state in the current conditions of the reform of decentralization of power and the emergence of rural united territorial communities was summarized. It was noted that it is necessary to focus the attention on the main ideological and organizational principles of the revival and development of the Ukrainian cooperative movement, education of nationally conscious members of society, raising the cultural-educational and financial-economic level of the population for the successful development of rural areas of Ukraine.
The article presents the results of a study of the theoretical foundations of the Blockchain technology. The analysis of the organization structure of its units and the principles of the system. Algorithms of smart contracts are considered and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The purpose of the study is that based on the analysis of the theoretical foundations of building systems using blockchain technology and introducing them into various areas, to propose a system model using smart contracts on the Etherium platform for use in the workflow system in institutions of higher education. Convenient web interfaces for managing the creation of a contract and a module for the interaction of smart contracts with a Web application have been developed. The management of an institution of higher education, namely, a department, faculty or institute, involves the correct and timely preparation of various documentation, in which the documentation on student learning outcomes holds a special place. On its basis various financial and reporting documents are being prepared. To this end, institutions of higher education are introducing workflow system and office automation systems to manage the processing of documents, as well as to organize control over the implementation of these processes. The paper proposes the introduction of a blockchain system on the Ethereum platform using smart contracts written in the Solidity language. Solidity is a tool that is used to create machine-level code that can be run on an Ethereum Virtual Machine. Solidity allows you to create and execute a smart contract without requiring centralized or trusted parties. The use of such technologies makes it possible to significantly reduce the number of paper-based information carriers and, to a significant extent, further automate the existing the workflow system in institutions of higher education. The proposed system is a part of the workflow system of institutions of higher education, which is designed to automate the process of passing documents related to taking into account and submitting to the dean's office of the faculty or the institute the results of the final controls on academic disciplines or the results of retake of tests and exams. This process requires a large number of documents on paper. The proposed system is deployed in the local computer network of the Educational and Scientific Institute of Information Technologies and Mechatronics of Poltava National Technical Yuri Kondratyuk University and is being tested. The results allow us to draw conclusions about the reduction in the number of paper documents; time to obtain permits. In addition, the level of reliability and protection of information transmitted to the administration of the faculty or institute for further processing has increased. In the future, it is planned to introduce the proposed system for document flow automation for all institutes and faculties of the Poltava National Technical Yuri Kondratyuk University.
The target of the article is to study the place of the cryptocurrency in the process of money laundering. The subject of the article is to investigate the ways and means of usage cryptocurrency for money laundering, the possibilities, and limits. Problem’s setting. The authors of the paper have emphasized that despite the broad usage of cryptocurrency all over the world for different kinds of purchasing and transactions, there is no unified position regarding the definition of cryptocurrency, as well as its legal status. Moreover, the aforementioned circumstances trigger the difficulties during the criminal investigation of money laundering by using cryptocurrency. Thus, law informant agencies are facing challenges with the identification of criminals’ personality and the fact of crime commitment. In addition, in the article, the authors articulate the main concept of cryptocurrency: anonymity and decentralization, which engender the main aggro while crime investigation. Methodology. The research is based on an analysis of historical stages of cryptocurrency creation: from Friedrich August von Hayek’s idea of “currency independent from banking and governmental” to the establishment of decentralized currency. Moreover, there were analysed the cases of money laundering where criminals who used cryptocurrency have been identified and press charged. In addition, the comparative methods were used to collate different positions regarding cryptocurrency all over the world and inside Ukraine. The position of the main authorities and organizations regarding the legal status of cryptocurrency was investigated as well. The results of the study revealed that a cryptocurrency is a convenient tool for money laundering because it gives relative anonymity for the owner of the currency, as far as it does not require any personal information about the user and his location. Aforementioned feature minimizes the opportunity for law enforcement agencies to track back the criminal activity and to identify the criminal personality. Furthermore, cryptocurrency transactions are out of the government control because for conducting any transactions by using cryptocurrency, there is no need for their verification by third parties like a bank, governmental authority or nongovernmental organizations. In addition, the user can have more than one account and conduct transactions from different places at the same time.
The article reveals the expected risks in the process of decentralization of power in Ukraine. The basic definitions of decentralization have been analyzed. The main risks of decentralization are as follows: lack of mechanisms envisaged by the draft Law "On the Association of Territorial Communities", for the implementation of administrative and territorial reform; weakening of state control over the implementation of extended powers by local self-government bodies; the threat of failure to finance the powers of local self-government bodies. Three important stages of the development of the National Support Strategy are identified: the first stage requires the characterization and understanding of the national NSP; the second stage provides for an analysis of the current situation in the country; The third stage involves refining the international strategy-response. It is proved that the new system of public administration in Ukraine should be created through administrative reform. Therefore, the content of administrative reform consists, on the one hand, in the complex reorganization of the existing system of public administration in all spheres of public life in Ukraine. On the other hand - in the development of some institutions of public administration, which Ukraine has not yet created as a sovereign state.
Despite having the second largest economy at $13 trillion, China has only recently surpassed the World Bank’s definition of the ‘middle-income range’ which is a gross national income per capita between $1,000 to $12,000 (constant 2011 international $). This is a noteworthy accomplishment since many other developing nations have fallen victim to economic stagnation within this range leading to the term “middle-income trap”. This paper will argue that one of the ways in which China escaped the middle-income trap and will continue to grow its economic influence is through the support of blockchain technology. Research and development, early technological adoption and business climate all play a role in explaining how the Chinese public and private sector have used blockchain technology to encourage economic growth. While there are many questions and misconceptions about blockchain technology and its place in China, this paper seeks only to answer a select few.
Торжевский КРИПТОВАЛЮТА КАК ИНСТИТУТ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИВ статье рассматривается роль криптовалюты (и в частности биткоина -BTC) в процессе перехода к информационному обществу и цифровой экономике через призму трансформации социально-экономических институтов.Анализируется влияние BTC на основные институты общественного развития: института денежного обращения, посреднический, трансмиссионный, накопительный и др
Important conditions for Ukraine's integration into the European community are the decentralization of power and the provision of financial autonomy to local authorities. Decentralization allows local government authorities to obtain autonomy in terms of financing and providing social benefits to the population, contributing to the sustainable socio-economic development of the respective administrativeterritorial units. The article is devoted to the study of the characteristics of the accounting and analytical system in the process of income management of the united territorial communities in the context of the formation and use of local budgets. The analysis of the current state of development and the dynamics of the main indicators of the formation of UTCs in Ukraine and the volume of their budget revenues for the period 2015-2018 is carried out. It was found that during the research period there was a tendency of growth of revenues to the general fund of local budgets of territorial communities, including intergovernmental transfers and other funds allocated for implementation of targeted measures.In particular, in the structure of such funds, the largest share is allocated to regional and socio-economic development and the development of medicine in rural areas. The role of financial support of territorial communities was determined, the specificity of formation of the revenue part of the local budgets of UTCs was investigated in order to determine the structure of income and the ratio of sources of financing of local budgets.The issue of granting subventions and grants from the state budget for the proper exercise of the powers delegated by the government (to the development of education, medicine, culture, social security, etc.) is considered. The analysis focuses on the synthesis of opportunities for increasing financial revenues to the UTC budget, which will contribute to the selfsufficiency of local budgets under conditions of budget transformation. It was investigated that one of the directions of improvement of information support of budget incomes management is automation of accounting process. It is proposed to use the modern domestic software products "MASTER: Budgetary Institutions", which are fully adapted to the Ukrainian market and meet the requirements of the current legislation of Ukraine to be used in the UTC for accounting purposes
The problem of the essence of cryptocurrency as a method of payment has been investigated. The absence of a unified legal regulation of the terms "method of payment", "cryptocurrency" is proved. The possibility of cryptocurrencies’ application through the prism of performing the functions of money is analyzed. Attention was drawn to the need for flexible legal regulation to further effective evolve along with the cryptocurrency and technology sector without hindering innovation.
Донецький національний університет імені Василя Стуса, Maya M. Savchenko, В.О. Короленко, Донецький національний університет імені Василя Стуса · 6 authors
The article explores innovations in the monetary sphere, namely the emergence of a modern form of money - digital currency. Forms of this currency, such as electronic and virtual money, are defined. The dynamics of development of the first and the most expensive cryptocurrency now - Bitcoin is analyzed. The general state of the cryptocurrency usage in the world is indicated. The advantages and disadvantages of using digital currency are also highlighted. The Top-10 cryptocurrencies in the world for 2019 are highlighted with the largest market capitalization of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple. The dependence of the economic development level of the country and the degree of cryptocurrency implementation is revealed. The world legislative experience in the field of regulation of the cryptocurrency is researched. The possibility of its application in the Ukrainian legislation by the cryptocurrency legalization and minimization of risks in the process of use are studied. Prospects for the spread and further development of cryptocurrencies in Ukraine and in the world are considered. It is noted that providing the improvement of monetary technology, its proper regulation and improvement of infrastructure, this financial instrument will occupy an important place in people's daily life.
Exploring the rural development issues, given their direct impact on the administrative, territorial and socio-economic indicators of the development of communities, regions and the country as a whole, is becoming more and more relevant in the course of implementation of provisions of the reform of local government and the territorial organization of power in Ukraine. Rural territories provide a significant contribution to the economy, cause influence on the national food security, form an essential part of the country’s export potential. Newly created communities, especially in rural areas, have inherited a significant number of local problems, including poor economic development, inadequate quality of infrastructure, lack of free access to modern public services in almost all vital social spheres (education, health, transport, communications, finance, etc.). Existing problems of self-fulfillment and decent labor remuneration, first of all in the productive sphere, cause the outflow of the economically active population, especially young people, in search of work and better living conditions, characterize the high level of the current unemployment and the continuing ageing of the rural population, which as a result exacerbates social and economic problems in society. Finding ways to address local development problems, introducing an efficient system of integrated development of rural territories and achieving functional self-sufficiency in newly created communities, taking into account the benefits of the expanded powers granted in the the course of implementing the decentralization reform, require researching the new approaches to the public management of territorial development and the formation of a socio-economic basis upon their own available resources and the internal potential for achieving the sustainable economic growth, stimulating their development, and improving the socio-economic indicators of the living standards of citizens.