L. B. WANG, Liming Zhang, Ruitao Qu, Tao Tan · 6 authors
Existing vector geographic data transaction schemes are typically merchant-controlled, hindering fair ownership tracing and impartial arbitration. To address this, we propose an asymmetric digital fingerprinting scheme based on smart contracts. In our approach, the user encrypts a proof fingerprint with a public key and sends it to the merchant; the merchant leverages the additive homomorphic property of the Paillier cryptosystem to embed the encrypted user fingerprint into an encrypted portion of the vector data while embedding a tracking fingerprint into the plaintext portion. The combined data is delivered to the user, who uses their private key to decrypt the encrypted part and obtain the plaintext data containing both fingerprints. This design enables tracing of unauthorized distribution without exposing the user’s fingerprint in plaintext, preventing malicious accusations. By leveraging blockchain immutability and smart contract automation, the scheme supports secure, transparent transactions and decentralized arbitration without third-party involvement, thereby reducing collusion risk and protecting both parties’ rights.
Open access
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Communication and information technologies have facilitated the rapid adoption of electronic medical records, leading to patient privacy and data security concerns. Blockchain technology offers a promising solution to address these issues. However, scalability remains a significant challenge for blockchain-based electronic health records (EHR) systems. In this study, we aimed to develop and evaluate an EHR management system based on blockchain technology. Therefore, we propose a management model based on organizations and user roles and implemented it using Hyperledger Fabric and the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS). The blockchain consists of three channels: one for patient registration and EHR retrieval and two additional channels dedicated to two hospitals for storing patients’ EHRs. A scalable multichain e-health system using the Hyperledger Fabric platform provides a practical option to address scalability issues and protect patients’ privacy, security, and medical data. The proposed model uses IPFS to store medical images and generate hash values, which are then stored in the blockchain. The system was evaluated using Hyperledger Explorer and Hyperledger Caliper, focusing on several performance metrics: transactions per hour, transactions per minute, blocks per hour, blocks per minute, response time, maximum latency, minimum latency, average latency, throughput, CPU and memory usage, and runtime. A comparative analysis was conducted against single-ledger EHR systems to assess the proposed system’s performance. The Hyperledger Caliper report shows that the average latency for each organization ranges from 0.11 to 0.55, and the throughput ranges from 24.2 to 200 for 1000 assets at sending rates of 25, 50, 100, and 200.
This paper presents a QMU-native extension of electrodynamics that reconstructs the auxiliary fields $(D,H)$ as a constitutive layer over a geometry-first Maxwell ledger. The central objective is to retain the classical operational split between $(E,B)$ and $(D,H)$ while enforcing QMU semantics: (i) dual charge channels (electrostatic vs magnetic), (ii) explicit singular-to-distributed charge conversion rules with a defined exception class, and (iii) a two-layer field dictionary that cleanly separates flux-density variables from strength variables. \medskipThe vacuum sector is closed by geometric identities rather than empirical medium constants, including the speed closure $c=\lambda_C F_q$, the channel conversion $e^2/{e_\mathrm{emax}}^{2}=8\pi\alpha$, and a seat-map normalization expressed through $A_u/k_C=16\pi^{2}$. Within this framework, permeability and permittivity are treated as QMU substrate ratios,\[\mathrm{perm}=\frac{1}{\mathrm{curl}},\qquad \mathrm{ptty}=\frac{1}{A_u},\]so that the propagation scale factorizes exactly as\[\mathrm{perm}\,\mathrm{ptty}=\frac{1}{c^2}.\]This yields a wave operator that is naturally expressed in terms of the torsion--rotation product. \medskipA two-layer dictionary is introduced in which $(D,B)$ represent flux-density fields and $(E,H)$ represent operational strength fields, connected in uniform Aether by a geometric lift proportional to the quantum length. Independently, the paper defines constitutive-conjugate strengths $(E^{\star},H^{\star})$ that pair directly with the exception-class response operators in boundary-value and material problems. The two strength notions are reconciled algebraically in isotropic vacuum, clarifying how QMU separates local forcing scales from substrate response scales. \medskipFor non-uniform rotating-magnetic-field (rmfd) states, the constitutive law is promoted to a linear operator deformation driven by the rmfd non-uniformity tensor $\Theta_{ij}=\nabla_i U_j$ with dimensionless couplings $(\chi_E,\chi_H)$. In the local plane-wave limit, this produces a first-order polarization eigenproblem whose birefringent splitting is governed by the transverse symmetric strain and the combined coupling $(\chi_E+\chi_H)$. The paper provides compact invariants for the transverse shear sector and an interferometric path-integrated phase observable suitable for QMU-only laboratory discriminators. \medskipAn appendix provides a conventional-constant crosswalk as a reader-facing translation layer only; it is not used in the QMU constitutive derivations.
This article examines the legal status of smart contracts across different jurisdictions through a comparative legal methodology, analyzing regulatory approaches in the United States, European Union, Switzerland, Singapore, and Uzbekistan. The research identifies key challenges in integrating self-executing agreements into existing legal frameworks, including issues of contract formation, enforceability, dispute resolution, and data protection compliance. Using doctrinal analysis and comparative law methods, this study evaluates how different legal systems address the fundamental question of whether code-based agreements satisfy traditional contract formation requirements. The findings reveal a spectrum of regulatory responses ranging from explicit statutory recognition to application of existing contract law principles. The article concludes with recommendations for developing comprehensive legal frameworks that balance innovation with consumer protection and legal certainty.
The state-of-the-art review comprehensively examines access control mechanisms for securing cloud computing environments, emphasizing their architectural evolution and performance efficiency. Conventional access control models such as Role Based Access Control (RBAC) and Attribute Based Encryption (ABE), though widely adopted, continue to face limitations including single points of failure, centralized policy management, and limited transparency in audit trails. Recent studies report average encryption and decryption times below one second in conventional schemes, yet these models struggle with scalability and dynamic revocation in distributed settings. The integration of blockchain technology addresses many of these challenges through its decentralized, immutable, and transparent infrastructure. Blockchain based access control frameworks implemented on platforms such as Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum leverage smart contracts to automate policy enforcement and achieve throughput gains of up to 42 percent with transaction latencies near 39 milliseconds. By distributing trust and enabling verifiable audit trails, these models enhance data integrity, accountability, and compliance. This survey consolidates and analyzes current research in both conventional and blockchain based access control for cloud and IoT ecosystems, identifying performance tradeoffs, regulatory considerations, and future research directions toward secure, transparent, and scalable access management.
The global expansion of Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies brings unanswered questions of the Islamic finance that are legal in nature. The existing research is divided into two camps, namely, total prohibition, or conditional acceptance. It is a thematic analysis of 32 public fatwas (2014-2024) of 12 Islamic jurisdictions in the first systematic analysis. The application of cryptocurrencies and their Shariah acceptability are analyzed. This paper applies the six-stage model offered by Braun and Clarke and it establishes five key jurist themes. The former theme is the ambiguity of the issue of whether cryptocurrencies are to be treated as mal (property) or thamaniyyah (money). The second theme talks about gharar, i.e., excessive uncertainty that is caused by volatility, lack of transparency and regulatory instability. The third theme concerns speculation by trading which is similar to maysir (gambling). The fourth theme is about mafsadah, which is harm to society and includes illicit use, environmental costs and inequality. Lastly, the fifth theme is on interpretations and deviations which form conditional permissibility in the presence of regulation and transparency, which minimises the risks of jurisprudence. The findings indicate that juristic disagreement is not an issue of inconsistency but the use of the various kinds of reasoning on novel financial technologies. The study paves the way in the study of Islamic-finance, by transforming the disjointed textual load of fatwa into a juristic map, which articulates the reasons behind the variance of rulings, as opposed to how they vary. This paper can be used by Shariah boards, regulators, and developers of digital assets to take action on implementing maqasid al-Shari, in the regulation of digital assets.
First-order science lacks enforced closure on the objects it manipulates (hypotheses, methods, results, interpretations). This produces predictable failure modes: bounded message one-shot evaluation cannot reliably accept framework-extending claims; operational coherence degrades as unresolved constraints accumulate; and distributed evidence for universality claims is repeatedly reset by demands for single decisive tests. These failures are structural, not contingent, and cannot be repaired by incremental reforms internal to first-order process norms.[T] Necessity result (reverse approach): We prove that any process that restores coherence under unbounded novelty must implement an adaptive functional core isomorphic (up to representation) to a canonical operator algebra. Consequently, any cross-domain coherence solution must factor as domain-relative external operators plus a domain-invariant internal core of the FMA form. The Functional Model of Adaptation (FMA) is treated as a canonical representative of this necessity class, not as a speculative content model to be “proven true” under first-order standards.[E] Second-order instantiation: We define a strongly typed evidence ledger with explicit accumulation operators, persistence rules, and threshold conditions. The paper is not an argument for second-order science; it instantiates second-order science. Evaluate it by the ledger and its admissible moves.
Financial reporting within enterprise resource planning now commonly rides on a blockchain backbone, yet the problem of keeping each distributed ledger in sync remains stubbornly difficult-especially when SAP modules are at the controls. This paper describes a simulation-based testbed that watches SAP payment journals as they hop between differently configured blockchains, measuring how and when each copy reaches the same state. By replaying typical SAP routines under adjustable delay windows and choice of consensus rules, the model tallies the frequency of divergence, the lag before agreement, and the mechanics of clearing up disputes. Output files display convex 3D surfaces, animated heat maps, and step-by-step trails of how conflicts get settled; taken together, they point middleware designers toward tighter sync logic, smarter contract frameworks, and faster multi-ledger audits. In broader terms, the findings shrink the technical distance SAP users must traverse to achieve clean, traceable cross-chain accounting.
Smart contracts, self-executing protocols on blockchain platforms, challenge traditional contract law by automating performance without intermediaries. This doctrinal study examines their enforceability under Indian statutes, particularly the Indian Contract Act, 1872, and the Information Technology Act, 2000. The research problem centres on whether code-based agreements satisfy essential elements like offer, acceptance, free consent, and lawful consideration, amid ambiguities in evidentiary admissibility and remedies. Objectives include analysing statutory compatibility, identifying doctrinal gaps, and proposing reforms. Through examination of sections 10, 13-14, and 10A of relevant Acts, alongside judicial precedents on electronic contracts, findings reveal partial recognition: smart contracts qualify as valid if hybrid (code plus natural language) and digitally signed, but pure code versions face hurdles in proving intent and consent. Key challenges encompass immutability conflicting with revocation rights and cross-border jurisdiction issues. The study recommends legislative amendments for explicit recognition, judicial guidelines for code interpretation, and regulatory sandboxes. Ultimately, smart contracts hold transformative potential for India's digital economy if integrated via interpretive evolution and targeted reforms, balancing innovation with legal certainty.
Marwa Ali Hamdan AL-Jabri, Nafisa Abul Ghafoor Othman AL-Ansari
Access control is an important part of cybersecurity in distributed systems since conventional centralized mechanisms are not always sufficient. Due to blockchain, individuals have begun to employ decentralized access control models as they are capable of enhancing transparency, auditing and defending against fraud. At the reason of this report, we survey various blockchain-based access control systems, paying special attention to their architectures, confirmation mechanisms, identity models and policy enforcement mechanisms. We categorize the current literature into various groups based on their platforms (e.g. Ethereum, Hyperledger, Fabric), control mechanisms (e.g. RBAC, ABAC and capability-based) and whether they introduce additional privacy-tools such as zero-knowledge proofs and decentralized identifiers. The paper analyzes and describes the key gaps in current frameworks in terms of scalability, interoperability and computing expenses. Then, the shortcomings of the current research are pointed out so that they could guide future efforts in the field of blockchain-based access control systems.
This study investigates the relationship between dirty and clean cryptocurrencies and traditional stock index returns using the Quantile-Quantile (QQR) and Quantile-Quantile Granger Causality (QQGC) methods. The analyses were conducted using daily data from January 2018 to May 2025. QQR results show both positive and negative relationships between dirty and clean cryptocurrencies and the returns of the S&P 500, FTSE 100, TSX, and ASX indices at the low, medium, and high quantiles. According to the QQGC results, both dirty and clean cryptocurrencies showed predictive power for the returns of the S&P 500, FTSE 100, TSX, and ASX indices at different quantiles. Furthermore, it was found that both dirty and clean cryptocurrencies exhibit strong predictive power for S&P 500 and FTSE 100 returns, particularly in the middle quantiles. The results obtained reveal that distinguishing between dirty and clean cryptocurrencies under different market conditions provides important insights for investors' portfolio diversification strategies and risk management practices.
Investigations of cybercrime today require forensic architectures that natively traverse multiple blockchains with ease while protecting and scaling evidence processing. Although blockchains support tamper- evident logs, their original single-chain architecture limits cross-platform interoperability and forensic scaling. Recent developments overcome these limitations such as zero-knowledge proofs supporting private but verifiable evidence verification, sharding architectures splitting state without compromising latency, and AI-based anomaly detectors identifying subtle tampering. But challenges remains like zero- knowledge proofs are computationally expensive, sharding poses intricate state-consistency problems and AI models need to be retrained constantly, incurring operational burden. Future research needs to make these pieces work for real- time, large-scale forensic applications by designing light-weight zero-knowledge constructs, self-tuning shard governance systems and compact AI with incremental-update threads. Integrating such abilities into single frameworks will offer privacy, scalability and security, supporting forensic processes for which courts will give credit in various, changing block-chain environments.
The rapid rise of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) and anonymity-focused cryptocurrencies has transformed financial systems by eliminating intermediaries and enabling peer-to-peer transactions. While these innovations offer numerous benefits, they also present unprecedented challenges for crime prevention and regulatory enforcement. This paper examines how DeFi and privacy-enhanced cryptocurrencies, such as Monero and Zcash, facilitate financial crimes, including money laundering, ransomware attacks, and fraud. By applying criminological theories—Strain Theory, Routine Activity Theory, and Rational Choice Theory—this study reinterprets traditional crime models in the context of blockchain-based financial ecosystems. Law enforcement agencies face significant hurdles in investigating and prosecuting crypto-enabled financial crimes due to jurisdictional limitations, privacy-enhancing technologies, and decentralized governance. This paper explores how blockchain analytics, artificial intelligence-driven risk assessment, and cross-border regulatory collaborations, such as the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Travel Rule and the EU’s Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) regulation, are being developed to counter these emerging threats. Additionally, it assesses the institutional limitations of law enforcement agencies, the role of DeFi governance communities in mitigating financial crimes, and the potential impact of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) on reducing illicit transactions. To enhance regulatory effectiveness, this study recommends strengthening international cooperation, improving forensic capabilities for tracking illicit blockchain transactions, and implementing ethical frameworks that balance financial privacy with security. The findings contribute to criminology, financial regulation, and cybersecurity by offering insights into evolving digital crimes and proposing solutions to mitigate their risks. Future research should explore the role of artificial intelligence in DeFi crime detection and the impact of regulatory advancements on illicit financial flows in decentralized ecosystems.
This study aims to clarify the concept and types of digital assets within a comparative analytical framework, enriched by an examination of a number of English judicial precedents specifically addressing the precautionary attachment of digital assets. The study begins by defining digital assets, their types, and their legal nature in this context. It then addresses the concept of precautionary attachment, its conditions, and its scope. Furthermore, the study examines the extent to which digital assets may be subject to precautionary attachment through an analysis of judicial precedents under English common law, while also highlighting key features of the Singaporean approach in this regard. This is intended to contribute to the Saudi legal framework in light of the absence of explicit legislative regulation of digital assets within the Saudi Enforcement Law. The study also seeks to clarify the extent of judicial authority in issuing precautionary judicial orders relating to digital assets, while highlighting the practical and legal challenges associated with their intangible nature and cross-border character. The study reaches several findings, most notably that the Saudi regulator has not yet provided an explicit statutory definition of digital assets in any of the applicable laws or regulations, nor has it permitted dealing in or trading such assets within the Kingdom, as confirmed by official statements issued by regulatory authorities. Nevertheless, in contrast, digital assets have occupied a significant place in comparative legal scholarship, particularly within comparative legal systems. Digital assets are defined as data recorded on the blockchain that confer specific rights such as ownership, access, representation, voting, or practical use. The scope of digital assets extends to include a wide range of digitally stored content and rights, including cryptocurrencies, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and Bitcoin. The study also proposes several recommendations, most importantly that the Saudi regulator should introduce an explicit statutory provision defining digital assets within one of the applicable laws or regulations, whether within the framework of the Capital Market Law, commercial transaction laws, or monetary regulations. This would ensure clarity regarding the legal nature of such assets, define their scope, and enhance the ability to regulate and deal with them in accordance with statutory rules and specific controls. The study further recommends amending Article (24/3) of the Implementing Regulations of the Enforcement Law to expressly include digital assets among the assets subject to precautionary attachment. Following such amendment, the provision would read as follows: All assets of the debtor shall be subject to precautionary attachment, whether movable, immovable, or digital assets in all their forms.
Arka Atyanta, Prosawita Ririh Kusumasari, Argya Basanta
Perkembangan pesat teknologi digital telah melahirkan bentuk kekayaan baru berupa aset digital, seperti cryptocurrency dan Non-Fungible Token (NFT), yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi namun tidak berwujud secara fisik. Fenomena ini menimbulkan tantangan bagi sistem hukum pidana Indonesia, khususnya dalam menerapkan Pasal 362 KUHP tentang pencurian yang menggunakan istilah "barang" sebagai unsur utama. Pasal tersebut masih dimaknai secara klasik sebagai benda berwujud, sehingga menimbulkan kekosongan hukum dalam melindungi kepemilikan aset digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah kemungkinan perluasan makna "barang" agar dapat mencakup aset digital melalui pendekatan hukum pidana progresif, teori kepemilikan digital, dekonstruksi hukum, serta perbandingan hukum dari beberapa negara. Dengan metode yuridis normatif dan spesifikasi deskriptif-analitis, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pendekatan legalistik konvensional sudah tidak memadai dalam menghadapi kejahatan digital. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan interpretasi ulang terhadap Pasal 362 KUHP yang mampu mengakomodasi realitas ekonomi digital, tanpa mengabaikan prinsip legalitas. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi pada pengembangan hukum pidana Indonesia yang adaptif dan responsif terhadap tantangan era digital, serta memberikan perlindungan hukum yang adil dan seimbang bagi seluruh jenis kekayaan, baik fisik maupun digital.
Gamitra Anwar, Sholahuddin Al-Fatih, Sofyan Noor Arief
This study analyzes the fundamental regulatory disharmony concerning Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and smart contracts within the Indonesian Civil Law system. The root of the problem is identified as a rechtsvacuüm (legal vacuum) and the "ontological silence" of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata), which fails to provide a definitive property status (zaak) for digital assets. This failure of the lex generalis triggers a "Regulatory Trilemma," wherein the status of NFTs is fragmented among the commodity regime (Bappebti), property law (KUHPerdata), and Intellectual Property Rights (Copyright Law). This normative-juridical research finds that such disharmony creates a domino effect in two realms. First, it threatens the substantive validity of smart contracts regarding the objective requirement of "a certain subject matter" (Article 1320 of the KUHPerdata) and confronts the adage 'code is law' with the principle of "good faith" (Article 1338 of the KUHPerdata). Second, the potential of NFTs as objects of fiduciary guarantee (UUJF) becomes practically paralyzed due to fundamental obstacles in valuation, registration (centralization vs. decentralization), and execution (private keys). Through a comparative law approach utilizing the Singaporean ruling of Janesh v. Chefpierre, this study recommends the adoption of "functional reasoning" through judicial rechtsvinding and legislative reform of the KUHPerdata to fill the legal void.
The article discusses the issue of confiscation of property in relation to criminally discovered digital assets (cryptocurrencies, tokens, NFT (Non-fungible token) and other electronic digital rights). Digital assets are a symbol of economic development, security and transparency, investment, and financial democracy. The article analyzes the role of digital assets in the legalization of proceeds from crime. The international The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) standards, of which the Republic of Kazakhstan is a member, are analyzed. One of the urgent legal problems today is the creation of a mechanism for the confiscation of digital assets. The article highlights the importance of creating this mechanism. Examples and cases from practice are analyzed, as well as samples from foreign countries, and the effectiveness of their application in the Republic of Kazakhstan is analyzed. The legal differentiation of the process of preservation and further effective use of digital assets after the mechanism of confiscation is carried out. The effectiveness and legality of storing confiscated digital assets on the Binance Kazakhstan digital asset exchange and the use of cryptocurrencies by law enforcement agencies in crypto exchanges are analyzed. The article explains the importance of secure storage of confiscated digital assets, transparency of information about stored digital assets, and the creation of mechanisms to regulate the emergence of full control over confiscated digital assets in the state. The article defines the significance for the Republic of Kazakhstan of the use of the institution of confiscation (non-conviction based confession) without a court verdict. A legal assessment is given of the conformity of the institution of confiscation of property without conviction with the presumption of innocence and inviolability of property rights.
Cryptocurrencies have upended the financial industry since they provide decentralized and peer-to-peer transactions. However, due to market volatility and the numerous non-linear relationships between price dynamics and human mood, forecasting Bitcoin values is a difficult task. The deep learning architecture shown in this work combines sentiment confidence scores derived from cryptocurrency-related tweets utilizing Transformer-based natural language processing with historical price indicators. The model incorporates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to detect local time-series patterns and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to produce long-term dependencies. We apply this architecture, involving sequence-based preprocessing and normalization, to Bitcoin and Ethereum to ensure robustness. Evaluations in comparison to baseline models Sentiment fusion dramatically increases predicting accuracy, especially during times of market turbulence, according to CNN-LSTM without sentiment, vanilla LSTM, and ARIMA. Our research helps develop scalable, sentiment-aware financial forecasting algorithms that better reflect the behavior of real markets.
Sungmin Lee, Kichang Lee, Gyeongmin Han, JeongGil Ko
Many location-based services rely on a point-in-polygon test ( PiP ), checking whether a point or a trajectory lies inside a geographic zone. Since geometric operations are expensive in zero-knowledge proofs, privately performing the PiP test is challenging. In this paper, we answer the research questions of how different ways of encoding zones affect accuracy and proof cost by exploiting grid-based lookup tables under a fixed STARK execution model. Beyond a Boolean grid-based baseline that marks cells as in- or outside, we explore a distance-aware encoding approach that stores how far each cell is from a zone boundary and uses interpolation to reason within a cell. % Our experiments on real-world data demonstrate that the proposed distance-aware approach achieves higher accuracy on coarse grids with only a moderate verification overhead, making zone encoding the key lever for efficient zero-knowledge spatial checks. Our experiments on real-world data demonstrate that the proposed distance-aware approach achieves higher accuracy on coarse grids (max. % 60%p 60%p accuracy gain) with only a moderate verification overhead (approximately 1.4×), making zone encoding the key lever for efficient zero-knowledge spatial checks.
The article is devoted to the study of blockchain technologies as an institutional tool for modernizing public administration in the context of the transition to Democracy 3.0. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to find new mechanisms to improve the efficiency, transparency, and legitimacy of public administration in the context of the digital transformation of society. This issue is of particular importance for Ukraine, which is simultaneously modernizing its state institutions in the context of war and European integration processes. The aim of the study is to provide a theoretical and methodological justification for the role of blockchain technologies as an institutional tool for the transformation of public administration in the context of the emergence of Democracy 3.0 and to determine the prospects for their implementation in the Ukrainian public sector. The methodological basis of the study is a neo-institutional approach, which allows us to consider blockchain not only as a technology, but also as a new type of institutional organization that transforms the rules, norms, and mechanisms of interaction between the state and citizens. The main results of the study include the conceptualization of the phenomenon of Democracy 3.0 as a new paradigm of public administration based on the principles of decentralization, transparency, and continuous citizen participation. It has been proven that blockchain acts as the technological basis for institutional change through three mechanisms: decentralization of trust, automation of execution through smart contracts, and immutability of records. Key institutional transformations influenced by blockchain technologies have been identified: the transition from representative to participatory and “liquid democracy” (a hybrid model of political governance that combines elements of direct and representative democracy, allowing citizens to flexibly choose between personal voting and delegating their vote to trusted representatives with the possibility of revoking this delegation at any time), the replacement of centralized control with decentralized verification, and the transformation of the trust economy from institutional to cryptographic. It is argued that blockchain creates a new architecture of state power, where traditional hierarchical structures are complemented by network forms of organization and decentralized autonomous organizations. The Ukrainian context of digital transformation of public administration is analyzed, including the experience of creating the Ministry of Digital Transformation, implementing the Dія ecosystem, and developing blockchain registries. Specific challenges to the implementation of blockchain technologies in Ukraine have been identified: legal barriers, the digital divide, bureaucratic resistance, and the need to ensure cybersecurity in the context of hybrid warfare. The novelty of the research lies in the development of a conceptual model of blockchain-mediated institutional transformation of public administration, which integrates the theory of neo-institutionalism with the concept of democracy 3.0. The practical value of the results is determined by the possibility of using the proposed approaches to form public policy on the digitalization of the public sector in Ukraine. Prospects for further research include empirical verification of the proposed model, development of metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of blockchain solutions in public administration, and research on the socio-psychological factors of citizens’ acceptance of decentralized forms of participation in public administration.
Baoyu Zhang, Tao Chen, Weishan Zhang, Tao Wang · 9 authors
In September 2024, Lebanon was rocked by an unprecedented cyber-physical attack using Pager bombs. The attack combined advanced cyber warfare techniques with physical destruction, resulting in significant loss of life, infrastructure damage, and geopolitical repercussions. In this paper, we analyze the attitudes on this attack, from both English and Arabic social media users, and investigate impacts on global electronic devices sales and usage. A new topic discovery approach using large models and small models collaboration is proposed. We compare English and Arabic topics generated on social media and find that people in different language spaces share common topics of anxiety on this event. By analyzing market share trends in both China and the United States, an obvious correlation can be found between this event and phone sales. In addition, we discuss the evolution of warfare, and how DAOs(Decentralized Autonomous Organizations) can be utilized to improve the security of electronic devices by secured monitoring of their whole lifecycle.
While Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) and Artificial Intelligence are reshaping the governance of academic societies, reliably integrating on-chain decisions with off-chain physical activities remains a critical challenge. The fundamental bottleneck is the difficulty of reliably integrating real-world execution outcomes into the digital decision-making loop. To address this, we propose an endogenous contribution evaluation framework integrating Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks (DePIN) and Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. This approach maps physical entities to on-chain decentralized identities. By leveraging VLA edge nodes to analyze multimodal behavioral data collected via DePIN, the system autonomously generates a verifiable Proof of Real-World Contribution (PoRWC). This proof subsequently drives on-chain incentive distribution through a reputation-weighted consensus mechanism. Consequently, this framework establishes an endogenously trustworthy closed loop from physical processes to digital governance. We demonstrate its feasibility and scalability through a case study of the Chinese Association of Automation (CAA), providing a robust engineering path for the parallel governance of modern academic societies.
Alsaadah Saif Mohammed ALabri, Shahd Ibrahim Ali AL Balushi
Blockchain is a distributed database used to store an unchangeable, permanent record of all transactions. It is operated by processors that are a member of a peer-to-peer (P2P) network and functions as a decentralized database. Demand for decentralized applications (DApps), which provide accountability, safety, and independence beyond conventional centralized systems, is rising as a result of the quick development of blockchain technology. However, combining frontend, back end, and blockchain components into a unified and effective framework might be difficult for DApp designers. In order to simplify the creation of decentralized applications, this study suggests a full-stack blockchain framework that connects various levels. The framework creates an end-to-end development environment designed for compatibility and scalability by utilizing contemporary technologies, such as Solidity, with Web3.js for smart contract integration, React.js for the front-end, and Node.js/Express.js for the backend. Using cryptographic methods and decentralized storage (like IPFS), a layered architecture is intended to provide modularity, effective data flow, and increased security. The suggested framework streamlines DApp development processes, lowers latency in blockchain interactions, and boosts developer efficiency, according to implementation data. By offering a thorough architectural blueprint and execution method for full-stack DApp creation, this study advances the area of blockchain engineering and opens the door for safe, effective, and user-focused decentralized ecosystems.
Carlos Alberto Durigan, Fernando José Barbin Laurindo
Blockchain is a Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) which supports cryptocurrencies, Decentralized finance (DeFi) is a blockchain-based financial infrastructure, the term generally refers to an open, permissionless, and highly interoperable protocol stack built on public smart contract platforms, such as the Ethereum blockchain. DeFi does not rely on intermediaries and centralized institutions. Instead, it is based on open protocols and decentralized applications (Dapps). Considering that there are many digital coins, stablecoins and recently the advent of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs by Central Banks) and tokenized assets it is important to observe that these protocols may interact among themselves. These IT protocols interactions may be complex and there should be effective IT governance frameworks to guide points like interoperability and interconvertibility of digital assets based on DLTs protocols. IT governance framework based on these technologies is still a challenge in the literature. Considering these points, this paper seeks to explore literature through a Systematic Literature Review methodology in order to find the state of the art about this theme. Results show that Literature explore DLT governance as a whole, including information technology (IT) aspects. However, there is a lack in the literature about IT governance for interoperability and interconvertibility among complex DLT protocols interactions. Discussions, future research, limiting factors and conclusions are fully stated. Keywords: Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), IT Governance, Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), Tokenization, Decentralized Finance (DeFi).