Grigorii Ursol, Alexandr Skrypnyk, O. M. Vasylenko
The article analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, potential opportunities and threats in the process of forming and making appropriate management decisions to integrate health facilities into united territorial communities (UTC) infrastructure, or other options, in the process of decentralization. The basic package of new legislative and regulatory documents has been worked out, which envisages radical changes and systemic reforms, decentralization of power - transfer from the executive bodies to local self-government bodies of a considerable part of powers, resources and responsibilities. A number of reform changes have been identified, which may lead to the expected institutional, organizational and structural-functional changes of the existing public health management system in Ukraine and changes in the individual functional characteristics of the entities of this system. The differences between medical reforms in terms of administrative reform, the role of UTC in this process, in relation to a number of other European countries are considered. On this basis, possible options for the development of events in the context of territorial governance of these processes in the system of health in Ukraine have been proposed. In order to continue scientific research in this direction, the next stage of the evolution of the formation and adoption of appropriate management decisions in the UTC is to consider the cooperation of the UTC in the creation of joint infrastructure medical facilities, their governing bodies, implementation of projects of activity, financing and maintenance.
The monograph investigates the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of thefunctioning of the financial system of the united territorial communities under the conditions of decentralization reform in Ukraine.In-depth analysis of the scientific concept of the development of local self-government has beencarried out. The peculiarities of the formation of revenues and expenditures of the united territorial communities in the conditions of reformation of the system of inter-budgetary relations have been highlighted.The peculiarities of the financial behaviour of the united territorial communities in the context ofthe priority of budget expenditures have been studied and determined. The monograph has determinedthe main directions of formation of the financial management system of the united territorial communities and carrying out of financial control over their activities in order to improve the financial capacityof the territorial communities.The monograph will be useful to specialists in finance, scholars, the teachers of higher educationalinstitutions, the students of economic specialties, as well as local self-government authorities.
The article carries out a critical analysis of the scientific definitions of the fiscal space as an economic category. The approaches to interpretation of the concept of «fiscal space» are systematized; the resource-expenditure, targeted, quantitative and effective approaches are allocated. The essence, advantages and disadvantages of each of these approaches are substantiated. The necessity and relevance of transferring the concept of «fiscal space» to the local level is proved, which is connected with the reform of inter-budgetary relations, financial decentralization, formation of united territorial communities, and necessity for ensuring their ability to function. The author’s own definition of the fiscal space of territorial community is proposed as a totality of economic processes and financial interactions of the community’s economic entities, localized within its limits, which are the result of an active fiscal policy to increase the tax potential of the territory and strengthen the target orientation of the local budget expenditures aimed at improving the life of the territorial community and its level of financial viability. The main features of the fiscal space of territorial community and the properties of fiscal space as an economic system are allocated. It is defined that the fiscal space is formed by three elements of public finance: budget revenues, expenses, and debt. It is argued that the fiscal space of the territorial community is feasibly to consider as a combination of the tax potential and the potential for costs reduction without compromising the public interest in order to strengthen their target orientation.
It has been proved that budget decentralization is becoming an effective system of local finances and an instrument of state regulation of regional development. It encourages regions to become financially independent and entrepreneurial, seeking additional resources for the needs and capabilities of the regions. To date, the main development of a democratic state is to ensure the welfare of every individual. According to the experience of developed European countries, the achievement of this goal is possible only under the conditions of high-quality public administration, which strengthens democratic institutions, eliminates inequities of access to public goods, improves the quality of public services, and improves the standard of living of the population. A priority direction for the development of a democratic state is to ensure the welfare of each individual citizen. In the context of the reform of the public finance system, the tendency towards decentralization in public administration, which results in the transfer of a number of powers to the local level, is relevant. Implementation of budget reform measures in the context of decentralization will contribute to ensuring a stable income base of local budgets, as well as enhancing their financial capacity, transparency, and efficiency of use of budget funds, and effective resolution of issues of socio-economic development of territories. Thus, financial decentralization makes it possible to balance the mechanisms of public service delivery with the needs and preferences of local residents. Population income is a traditional subject of research by scientists, which is related to the direct impact of population income on the socio-economic and political situation in society. This determines the priority direction of the formation of a system of methods and mechanisms of regulation of income of the population of any country
With the increasing complexity of payments and the distances between participants in financial transactions, the number of third parties involved in making payments is also growing. This entails an increase in commissions. Cryptocurrency solves this problem. This, in its way, is a digital “cash” that can be used by network participants, regardless of the distance and type of transaction. Cryptocurrency is a new type of electronic money, is rapidly gaining popularity.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the directions of increasing the level of development of cryptocurrencies in Ukraine.
The article probes into factors that determine processes of decentralization in managing the general education system. The study entails a review of pertinent literature and an analysis of the distribution of powers among entities managing the general education system based on the European countries' experience. The study concludes that the education management system in the most EU-countries is decentralized or gradually being decentralized and de-concentrated on the basis of the subsidiarity principle. The results of our research give the possibility to affirm that the successful implementation of the decentralization reform requires the following two conditions: political support for proposed changes and the ability of those charged with carrying out the reform. An analysis of literature confirms that decentralization as a process is also a function of factors other than political will and capacity. These factors include trust (the extent of decentralization depends on the central government’s trust in the local government, and vice versa), financial troubles, path dances, international developments, etc. An analysis of the distribution of decision making powers in areas of financing and human resources demonstrates that there is a trend towards decentralization, albeit inconsistent due to obstacles on the level of centralized management. The article maintains that there has to be an adequate balance between centralization, which is necessary for the implementation of general national educational objectives, and decentralization, which allows teachers, schoolchildren, parents and the representatives of local communities to participate in education management.
The goal is to study the assessment of the doctors working in the PAS regarding the readiness of the PAS institutions ofUkraineto implement the project mechanism: "The transition to paying for contracts with the National Health Service of Ukraine" within the further development of decentralized organizational transformations of the administrative system of the PAS ofUkraine. Materials and methods. 53 doctors (PAS staff ofUkraine) were interviewed by a specially designed questionnaire. Statistical processing of the obtained results is carried out using generally accepted statistical methods. Results. The comprehensive assessments of the readiness of PAS institutions inUkraine to implement the project mechanism: "Going to pay for contracts with the National Health Service of Ukraine", taking into account the basic principles of further reorganization transformations of structural management, based on the implementation of the model of the project of the regional pathoanatomical center (SRC). Conclusions. The results of the study showed that, according to surveyed doctors, the current system of PAS of Ukraine within the framework of the implementation of the mechanism of decentralized organizational reform by 2020 will be ready only by 67.5% for the implementation of the project mechanism, similar results are associated with existing problems in the field of financing of PAS establishments in Ukraine and the urgent need to develop new investment mechanisms aimed at realizing the search for the necessary financing of the project's economic and resource support.
Introduction. The financial and economic mechanism rational use and protection of land forestry should be based on realization national land relations policy, which envisages comprehensive state support for efficient use of nature through financing of appropriate organizational measures and introduction of economic instruments, incentives for rational use of forest resources. The main levers of such a mechanism are fiscal, monetary, budgetary and other elements of influence on economic entities. Aims and tasks. To realization the delivered goal it is necessary to solve a number of tasks, namely: to determine the actual area of forest land within the respective united territorial communities in Ukraine, to determine the possible economic income from the use of these forested areas, to calculate the volumes of fiscal receipts to the budgets of united territorial communities from forestry enterprises. Results. With the help of geoinformation approach was installed, it was established that the forest area in the united territorial communities were concentrated in Zhytomyrskа (788.5 thousand ha), Chernihivska (583.6 thousand ha), Volynska (432.9 ha), Rivnenska (282, 8 thousand hectares), Sumska (216,0 thousand hectares) regions. Whereas the smallest forest area within the boundaries of the united territorial communities is concentrated in Kirovohradska, Zakarpatska, Mykolaivska, Zaporizka, Vinnytska, Donetska, Luhanska, Odeska, Khersonska regions. Conclusions. Besides, in the case of use of forest areas within united territorial communities utility companies, they pay 18% income tax, which comes fully to the budget of the united territorial communities. We have made calculation of such fiscal receipts by areas where forestry production it is profitable. Therefore, our proposed scientific approach to the development of a financial and economic mechanism for regulating the rational use of forest land use should be based on the totality of fiscal budgetary relationships between forest resources and subjects entrepreneurial activity, which are based on the application of the geospatial approach of accounting of forest areas as an integral part of information support for the effective functioning of the economic system as a whole. On the whole, due to the proposed financial and economic mechanism, the total amount of tax revenues to united territorial communities in Ukraine can be increased by 10.2% of the actual receipts from their own resources of the united territorial communities in Ukraine for 2015 – 2016, or 6.01% of total volume taxes on individuals' income the united territorial communities in 2018. At the same time, the forest area within the united territorial communities at the national level is only 18.95% as of 2019.
Sep 30, 2019·Scientific Bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas (Series Economics and Management in the Oil and Gas Industry)
The aim of the study is to evaluate innovative technologies for social development financing. Research methods. Theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the scientific work of domestic and foreign authors on financing of social development with the help of innovative technologies, Internet resources. The study uses a set of general and special scientific methods and approaches, including: monographic - for the literary review of the problem under study; systemic and structural analysis – for interpretation of the essence of fundraising, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding as complex economic categories, logical generalization, systematic method, method of comparisons, graphical methods, which allowed to ensure the conceptual unity of the research. Results of work. Innovative technologies of financing of social development are analyzed, among them: fundraising, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding. The activities of the Na-Starte Kraudfanding Platform, including the involvement of interested parties in this Crowdfunding Platform, are described. It has been established that financing of social projects by providing grants is a significant step forward from the point of view of development of social responsibility of business. It is traced that today in Ukraine there are a number of active grant programs in the field of education, science, medicine, and social security. Conclusions. The listed innovative approaches become relevant in the context of decentralization and community development, in particular, participatory budgeting is the ability of male and female residents of the city to participate in deciding how to distribute a certain part of the budget.
Mykola Kucheryavenko, Olga Dmytryk, Oleksandr Golovashevych
The advent of cryptocurrencies and rapid growth of crypto-networks heralded a new era in evolution of financial relations. The main goals achieved by introduction of cryptocurrencies included: a) removal of the third party (the government, banking and financial institutions) from transactions between the parties to a transfer; b) anonymity of the parties; c) transaction security. The governments of various countries of the world have a different stance as regards the use of cryptocurrencies, and in some cases, they consider this medium of exchange illegal. The transnational nature of transactions involving cryptocurrencies and the absence of physical borders for these transactions complicate legislative regulation of the circulation of cryptocurrencies in Ukraine.The use of cryptocurrencies has significant effect on the economies of Ukraine and other countries of the world due to easy dissemination and popularity of this technology and the growing capitalization of cryptocurrencies. The exchange of cryptocurrencies into fiduciary money and the possibility of gaining substantial profits on a cryptocurrency exchange due to high volatility of cryptocurrencies necessitate development, as soon as possible, of approaches to legislative regulation of both terminological apparatus related to circulation of cryptocurrencies and the exchange transaction procedures, profit taxation, etc. Considering the multisided nature of crypto-networks and the diversity of cryptocurrencies currently existing in the world (over 2000 variants as of today), classification of existing cryptocurrencies and definition of their features represents a contemporary task.This article characterizes development of blockchain technology that serves as the basis for the functioning of cryptocurrencies, defines their characteristic features, positive and innovative concepts implemented with their advent. Cryptocurrencies were classified based on various criteria (issue type, network decentralization, limitation on issue, controllability of cryptocurrency issue, etc.), and two groups of features typical either for all cryptocurrencies or for their certain variants were proposed. It was proposed to define a cryptocurrency as a variety of e-money used as an alternative additional currency and circulated within global computer networks on the basis of blockchain technology that envisages asymmetrical encryption and the use of various cryptographic protection methods.
The features of legislation concerning taxation of cryptocurrency in different countries of Europe are analyzed in this article. The author uses the anthroposociocultural approach as the basis for the study of the problem. From the point of view of anthroposociocultural approach, the necessity of proper legal regulation of taxation of cryptocurrencies has been determined to ensure the realization of the human right to taxes. The legal regulation of taxation of cryptocurrency at the European level is analyzed. The author notices that there is still no unified approach to defining what cryptocurrencies are, and how countries can develop a common policy for taxing them. This is due partly to the anonymity of users, and partly to the ambition of virtual currencies to circumvent traditional financial institutions. The author specifies what taxes can cryptocurrencies be taxed by (tax on income, capital gains tax), analyzes European approaches to solving the problem of taxation of cryptocurrencies. The author notes that Eastern Europe states have more simple and attractive tax rates. The author of the article analyzes the European judicial practice in the field of taxation of IT activities, in particular cryptocurrencies, focuses on the practice of the European Court of Justice.
The article analyzes the implementation of the local budgets of the UTC of the Vinnytsia region. The achievements of the local self-government reform in terms of the effectiveness of management of the budget resources of the united territorial communities were determined. An analysis of the financial capacity of the budgets of the joint territorial communities of the region. The problematic aspects of the financial provision of the execution of functions by the local authorities are singled out. The ways of improving the territorial organization of power on the principles of decentralization and construction of financially self-sufficient territorial communities are proposed. Currently, financial autonomy of local budgets of UTC is provided by the relevant legal norms of the Budget Code of Ukraine. The implementation of individual steps of fiscal decentralization also expanded the financial autonomy of local budgets through: the establishment of uniform norms of deductions from national taxes; the difference between the indicative planning system of the local budgets of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine; formation of a single basket of general fund revenues and expansion of the source of its filling; formation and putting into operation of the system of equalization of the tax capacity of the territory, etc.
One of the more notable developments in financial infrastructure framework during recent years has been the emergence of networking alternative financing platforms, aimed at bringing together firms and individuals looking for capital and others that have money to lend, invest or donate. That was upticked by establishment of innovative financing platforms and different business models, starting with peer-to-peer lending and equity crowdfunding and evolving to cryptocurrencies and virtual services providers. The emergence of crypto-assets is an important area of interest for regulatory authorities, including those dealing with issuance and secondary trading of crypto-assets. This article focuses on the innovative financial technologies impact phenomena, acknowledging FinTech imputed substantial benefits to the financial sector infrastructure, as well as considerable risks. Along with the analysis of theoretical developments of domestic and foreign scholars, an attention is paid to global discourse involving G20 and G7 countries, Financial Stability Board, Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF), The International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) that raise serious regulatory and systemic concerns, as well as wider policy issues, which both need to be addressed before such projects can be implemented in full scope and integration prospects. Thus, emphasized the necessity to introduce the highest standards of financial regulation, especially with regards to anti-money laundering and counteraction to financing terrorism (AML/CFT), anti-corruption, financial transparency, accountability and inclusion in order to guarantee the stability of the financial system and consumer protection with awareness towards possible regulatory gaps. Addressing a consideration of modern developments of virtual assets regulation framework abovementio ned issues are investigated inter alia with regard to aspects of sustainable development and coordination in measures of institutional economy and Financial Law. REFERENCES Hasanov S.S. Strukturni transformatsii ekonomiky i derzhavni finansy: problemy metodolohii, teorii, ekonomichnoi polityky. Kyiv: DNNU "Akad. fin. upravlinnia", 2012. 352 p. [in Ukrainian]. Bilorus O.H. Strukturna transformatsiia hlobalnoho kapitalu ta hiperfinansializatsiia vidtvoriuvalnykh protsesiv. Finansy Ukrainy. 2016. No. 1. P. 7-19 [in Ukrainian]. Kotliarevskyy Ya.V., Kolosova V.P., Maksymenko L.P. Rozvytok zbalansovanoho rehuliuvannia u sferi innovatsiinykh finansovykh tekhnolohii dyhitalizatsii zahalnoi miry vartosti. Biznes Inform. 2017. No. 11. P. 402-417 [in Ukrainian]. Douglass C. North. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Washington University, St Louis, 1991. 164 p. 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In the digital economy, the strengthening of the role of socially oriented non-profit organisations (NPOs) in addressing issues related to the harmonization of the social and economic aspects of society development, cannot be achieved without refocusing accounting on the solution of strategic tasks. An important tool of strategic planning and accounting in order to attract and monitor the use of earmarked funds — is budgeting, which had not been adequately reflected in the accounting activities of socially oriented NPOs. The organization of budgeting system in socially oriented non-profit organizations is based on the following characteristics: the problem of selection of calculation units; a high level of uncertainty of a profitable part of the budget, which is financed by revenues from basic and associate activities; the social orientation of the non-profit organizations, which defines the enhanced responsibility for performance and requires the clarification of the concept of operations results in itself. In the socially oriented NPO, the use of the result-oriented budgeting model, in which the expenditure of trust funds is administered in accordance with the principle of centralization on the one hand, and on the other hand, the objectives are achieved on the basis of the principles of decentralization, ensures planning, execution and monitoring of budget expenditures in direct connection with the specified, and achievable results. Under this model, the mobile annual budgets with a step equal to one month’s budgeting are used. Budget performance analysis aims to assess the quality of socially oriented non-profit organizations’ performance, which have a double-sided nature: on the one hand, the Organization’s efforts are evaluated, and on the other hand, the task force is evaluated. The effect of earmarked funds’ use becomes visible in subsequent reporting periods and is determined with regard to socially oriented NPOs within the society.
The processes of decentralization have shaped the overall vector of rural development through the establishment of the foundations of the inclusive approach, the practice of public administration and administration, as well as the enhancement of the community's internal capacity, self-development and self-sustainability. The aim of the article is to substantiate the prospects entrepreneurship and public administration development in rural areas in the context of decentralization. Objects of the study are: 1) consideration of the state, problems and trends of rural areas; 2) justification of mechanisms to enhance the processes of self-development and independence of territorial communities through the mechanism of social entrepreneurship and public administration. The research methodology is based on structural and logical design, system studies and synergetic analysis. Changing technological approaches in the system of public administration as a result of the latter's inability to prevent stagnation and focus on socio-environmental priorities of the country's development in the conditions of globalization intensified political processes in the regions through the activities of political parties and public organizations as bodies of public administration of territories. Participation of the process of development of the strategy of development of territorial communities gives an opportunity not only to increase the level of efficiency of management decisions, to expand the range of their influence (in particular, in the areas of ecologization of life, to develop start-ups, including among young people, spreading the practice of organic production, permaculture design, non-waste life, raising efficiency of the energy sector), but also contributes to the growing interest of members of society in implementing programs of development and enhancement of the social consciousness which in turn ensures the stability of the position areas as industrial and social activities. The emergence of family homestead and family homestead settlements has become the mechanism of sustainable development of the public sector on an ideological basis, which combines the responsibility and cooperation of individuals, representatives of state authorities and local self-government, including through the practice of public administration, empowerment of the population for decision-making and implementation of initiatives, improvement mechanisms of planning, coordination and financing of real changes, in particular on the basis of project and process approaches.
The article explores issues related to current problems of the public financial system. The author notes that the concept of the financial system belongs to economic categories and occupies a special place in a number of legal values. It is noted that the current financial legislation does not define the concept of the financial system, although the legal acts use such terms as the budget system, the tax system, the banking system, the monetary system, the credit system, the monetary system. However, their legislative definitions are also absent. This leads to a different interpretation of this concept and, accordingly, to a different understanding of its content and structure. It is recognized that the public nature of public economic relations related to the sphere of finance, money and credit, largely determines their financial and legal content, that is, the regulation of financial law as a public right. It is argued that the role of constituent legal institutions in the financial system of any country is not equal. Attention is drawn to such major financial and legal institutions as the budgetary system, the tax system, the banking system and the monetary system, without which the functioning of the financial system is impossible. The main task of today must be the desire for the stability of the public financial system as a whole and the harmonious interaction of all financial and legal institutions. The public financial system is a complex multifaceted financial and legal phenomenon that substantially covers the totality of centralized and decentralized public funds and those of individuals and legal entities. There is a need for a notion of the public financial system, as the global financial crisis has shown to be the most vulnerable, and the effects of globalization are becoming more and more visible to it.
Introduction. In the period of crisis aggravation in the economy of Ukraine, a household and economic entity, as a rule, avoid saving financial resources. They prefer to invest their capital in foreign currency, valuable things, real estate and gold. The choice of the investment object is often determined by the level of fluctuations of its value depending on the political situation in the state, extent of intervention of the third parties in the process of ownership and disposal of the object, legal security and so on. Lately more and more individuals note the desired criteria in relatively new instrument of the financial market - cryptocurrency.Purpose. The purpose of the article is the determination of modern features of cryptocurrency functioning in the world and assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of their use.Results. The essence of the cryptocurrency determines its main advantages: the confidentiality and data security of owners; independence from the state; the lack of territorial and time restrictions in transactions; the low cost of service, etc. As a result, the cryptocurrency is gaining the increasing popularity among the population, the infrastructure of its sale via terminals is forming (there were already about 5000 ones in 2018), futures contracts for Bitcoins are being put into practice, the network of commercial and production structures is expanding. It gives wide opportunities for cryptocurrency payment.Conclusion. The cryptocurrency becomes more and more important part of society and work technology all over the world. The number of people who use cryptocurrency increased and is approaching the population of a small country – from 2.9 to 5.8 million people. The majority are inhabitants of North America and Europe. For the effective functioning of cryptocurrencies their institutionalization is necessary. It can be done in two ways: first, it is a legal institutionalization, and secondly it is the market institutionalization, which is carried out through the establishment of formal and informal rules for cryptocurrency functioning.
The article proposes to carry out the process of developing a new financial system of the BRICS States in the following sequence: to transfer foreign trade between the States to settlements in national currencies, with the subsequent development of its own unit of account, which will subsequently be able to replace the dollar and the Euro in mutual settlements within the BRICS; develop your own cryptocurrency or choose one of the existing cryptocurrencies, which for a certain period will be one of the possible elements of the settlement mechanism in the mutual trade of these five countries; to develop supra-national crypto-currency for the countries members of the BRICS. This process will be very complex, as it will require many technological, macroeconomic and organizational challenges.To solve the problem of building a new financial and monetary system of the BRICS countries, the article analyzes the actual level of digitalization of financial activities in the countries of the Association, on the basis of which proposals are developed and the following conclusions are formulated: crypto-currency operations are not completely prohibited in any of the States of the Association, and the prohibitions apply only to certain operations (ISO, mining, exchanges). Cryptocurrency is not recognized as a legal means of payment; in the BRICS countries there are no own, national cryptocurrencies, and only projects of future cryptocurrencies are developed, taking into account the features of the set goalsof economic development and management of cryptocurrency activities; the countries of the Association do not abandon the use of blockchain technology in the field of economy and Finance, as it ensures the openness and security of data storage, the creation of centralized exchanges, the exchange of goods and services; the BRICS countries should be interested in a gradual shift away from dollar dependence. The instruments of this movement are the national currency, its own, internal unit of account, its own national cryptocurrency, supranational cryptocurrency.
Purpose. The aim of the article is determining the areas of diversification of rural development in decentralization in order to improve the quality of life of rural population and ensure the competitiveness of rural areas and achieve environmental security. Methodology of research. Common methods of study are applied in economic science in the course of the study, in particular: monographic, system and structural - in determining the directions of diversification of rural development in the conditions of decentralization. Findings. The following areas of diversification of rural development under decentralization conditions have been identified in order to ensure the social and ecological and economic development of rural territories: diversification of agricultural production; diversification of non-agricultural activities; diversification of funding sources; diversification of forms of ownership and management. It is suggested to diversify the development of rural territories in the field of agricultural production by expanding the range of products, increasing the volume of organic and niche production. It is determined that the choice of non-agricultural activities for each rural area is different and depends on natural resources and its location. The directions of diversification of non-agricultural activity in rural areas are proposed, such as: industry, rural green tourism, services and folk arts, production of specific regional products, legal entities and individuals, grants. We believe that the diversification of ownership and management in rural areas involves stimulating the development of different forms of ownership, promotion of various forms, creation of cooperatives and clusters. Originality. The scientific and practical recommendations on the formation of directions of diversification of rural development under decentralization conditions, which are determined depending on the object of diversification (agricultural production, non-agricultural activity, sources of financing, forms of ownership and management), have been improved. Practical value. The obtained results of the study are the basis for solving practical problems of rural development in the context of decentralization in Ukraine. Key words: diversification of rural development; agricultural production; non-agricultural activities; sources of financing; ownership and economic management; organic production; cluster.

 
 
 The purpose of the article is to reveal the role of the state in the field of social protection of the population, to analyze the tendencies of development of budget financing of social security in Ukraine and to offer ways to improve the reform of the sphere of social protection of the population. The article describes the priority directions of the activity of the state and institutional features of the interaction of the legislative and executive power in the field of social protection, developed an adaptive model of state regulation of the sphere of social protection in the context of decentralization, analyzed the dynamics of spending on social protection and social security.
 
 
The article deals with current challenges for regional development and their impact as causes of threats to economic security. Economic security is seen as a complex multilevel system, the formation of which occurs at various levels of economy’s hierarchy: the state level, an economic sector, an industry (economic activity), a region, a business enterprise, a city, a town, a village, a local territorial community, a person. It is determined that a region’s internal and external environment is the key factor of its economic security. The assessment, which was carried out, enables to establish the following characteristics: structural imbalances, a gap between regional investing priorities and determined priorities, a break in the production chain, an asymmetry in technological development of regional industries, expansion of foreign companies on the domestic market, incompatibility between the system of institutions and the aims of social and economic development of regions.The research paper describes the current challenges for regional development, such as deepening of regional differences in creating tensions in regional labour markets; intensification of migration processes; growing differences in the intensity of structural changes; reducing foreign investment; institutional and fiscal decentralization; growing problems in organizing and financing social services; deepening asymmetry in the development of cross-border infrastructure, which requires a system of protection against increasing threats to economic security.A range of methodological approaches to assessing the level of economic security is generalized. A set of quantitative and qualitative indicators is suggested for evaluating the results of security assurance activities at all levels of the hierarchy: a region, a territorial community, a business enterprise, a person.The priority areas of administrative activity designed to prevent threats to economic security are identified. Given the current challenges, these priority areas include: structural reform of the economy, an increasing backbone role of state-owned entrepreneurship, inter-regional and inter-municipal cooperation, modernization of social safety in terms of personal security, strengthening safety of entrepreneurship, reinforcement of security of local communities under conditions of political, administrative, financial, fiscal, economic and environmental decentralization.The main characteristics of each area are pointed out. Further research studies are to be undertaken to empirically examine the results of these measures and identify barriers for institutional assurance of economic security.
Олена Фоміна, Olena Moshkovskа, O. O. Avhustоva, Olha Romashko · 5 authors
Various mechanisms for implementation, and at the same time contradictory approaches to the essence, evaluation, reflection, and regulation, led to the need to consider and improve approaches to the recognition of cryptocurrency. Based on the critical analysis of the legal provisions in Ukraine and the approaches of scientific experts, practitioners and international experience, the economic essence of cryptocurrency is substantiated. The legal, economic and accounting aspects of cryptocurrency recognition in developed and transformational economies are revealed. In order to meet the information needs of users, the peculiarities of the application of methods for estimating cryptocurrency commodities and the influence of the chosen method on the reflection of such an asset in the financial statements have been identified. The necessity to clarify and harmonize existing national accounting standards for recognizing and reporting on cryptocurrency transactions has been identified. The proposed approach to the identification and recognition of cryptocurrency goods will improve the relations between the owners of cryptocurrency and the state, legalize cryptocurrency transactions and form an effective system for managing such transactions in Ukraine.
Today, the world is on the threshold of a digital revolution that will affect all spheres of public life. The application of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology has gone a long way since its introduction. Now it has reached a new milestone as it gets implemented in the energy sector. Blockchain and cryptographic technology have the potential to radically change the energy industry of the usual. Blockchain and cryptocurrencies are changing the energy sector and in the article is considered how it will affect the energy industry. Blockchain systems and cryptocurrencies no longer require either intermediaries or a central authority. But it is still difficult today to put such models into practice. In addition, there are a number of legal and regulatory requirements that blockchain projects must also comply with. Cryptocurrency is one of the most relevant topics when it comes to digitalization. On the basis of the analysis of the foreign practice of the use of cryptocurrency in the electric power industry, the prospects of implementation of such projects for Ukraine and their legal support are analyzed. Emphasized the advantages of blockchain and cryptocurrencies and demonstrates the mechanism of their work. The situation regarding the definition of the legal status of cryptographic goods in foreign countries and Ukraine is analysed. The main points to be solved in the course of approval of the right regulation of cryptocurrencies in Ukraine are determined. Foreign and certain domestic experience of using the blockchain technology and cryptology in the field of electric power industry indicates the prospect of further development of this direction. In the implementation of such instruments,it seems that it will allow accelerating the payments in electricity supply relations, will allow them to be more transparent, and at the same time protected from unauthorized interference, enhance the culture of contractual relations. REFERENCES1. Maidanyk R.A. Virtualna valiuta v tsyvilnomu pravi Ukrainy: stan, tendentsii, perspektyvy. Visn. Nats. akad. prav. nauk Ukrainy. 2018. Vol. 25, No. 2. P. 114-129 [in Ukrainian].2. Husieva I.I., Petrova T.O. Tendentsii rozvytku kryptovaliut na rynku Ukrainy. Naukovyi visnyk Mizhnarodnoho humanitarnoho universytetu. 2017. Iss. 24 (1). P. 48050 [in Ukrainian].3. Lukianov V.S. Zarodzhennia rynku kryptovaliuty v informatsiino-merezhevii paradyhmi. Aktualni problemy ekonomiky. 2014. No. 8 (158). P. 4360441 [in Ukrainian].4. Svon M. Blokchejn: Shema novoj jekonomiki. M.: Olimp-biznes, 2017. 240 p. [in Russian].5. Blokchein — novi mozhlyvosti dlia vyrobnykiv ta spozhyvachiv elektroenerhii? Ohliad svitovoi elektroenerhetyky, pidhotovlenyi PwC. Pricewaterhouse Coopers International Limited (PwCIL), 2016. URL: https://www.pwc.ru/ru/publications/blockchain/blockchain_opportunity-for-energy-producers%20and-consumers_RUS.pdf [in Ukrainian].6. Directive (EU) 2015/849 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2015 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing. EUR-Lex: Access to European Union law. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32015L08497. Federal act on banks and savings banks. URL: https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classifiedcompilation/19340083/index.html8. O razvitii cifrovoj jekonomiki: Dekret Prezidenta Respubliki Belarus' ot 21.12.2017 № 8. URL: http://president.gov.by/ru/official_documents_ru/view/dekret-8-ot-21-dekabrja-2017-g-17716/ [in Russian].9. Zelena knyha rehuliuvannia rynku kryptovaliut: Ofis efektyvnoho rehuliuvannia. Traven 2018. URL: https://cdn.regulation.gov.ua/fe/5b/20/42/regulation.gov.ua_Zelena-Knyha.-Rynok-Kryptovaliut.pdf [in Ukrainian].10. Bitcoins: Aufsichtliche Bewertung und Risiken für Nutzer. Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht. 19.12.2013. URL: https://www.bafin.de/SharedDocs/Veroeffentlichungen/DE/Fachartikel/2014/fa_bj_1401_bitcoins.html [in German].11. Blockchain: Hype or Innovation: CoinForum.de. 26.02.2016. URL: https://Bitcoinblog.de/2016/02/26/rwe-undslock-it-wollen-ethereum-fuer-elektroautos-nutzen/12. Kryptovaliuta SolarCoin ta soniachni elektrostantsii. "SolarCoin" Nova kryptovaliuta yaka stymuliuie montazh dzherel alternatyvnoi elektroenerhetyky. 17.01.2018. URL: https://prel.prom.ua/a322224-kriptovalyuta-solarcoinsonyachni.html [in Ukrainian].13. Pro obih kryptovaliuty v Ukraini: proekt Zakonu Ukrainy vid 06.10.2017 No. 7183. URL: http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=62684 [in Ukrainian].14. Pro stymuliuvannia rynku kryptovaliut ta yikh pokhidnykh v Ukraini: proekt Zakonu Ukrainy vid 10.10.2017 No. 7183-1. URL: http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=62710 [in Ukrainian].