Benito Samuel López Razo, José Israel Campero Domínguez, Victor Hugo de la O. Martinez, Nicolás Trejo de la Cruz
Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación es desarrollar un sistema basado en tecnología Blockchain y la red Ethereum para la emisión y validación de certificados digitales en una institución de educación superior, garantizando seguridad, trazabilidad e inmutabilidad mediante contratos inteligentes. Marco teórico: La investigación se fundamenta en el uso de Blockchain como una tecnología distribuida que permite el registro transparente y seguro de transacciones, aplicando los estándares X.509 y ERC-721 para la autenticación y unicidad de los certificados digitales. Método: Se diseñó un prototipo funcional utilizando el lenguaje de programación Python, la biblioteca web3.py y la infraestructura de Ethereum. El sistema integra firmas digitales y códigos QR para facilitar la verificación en tiempo real. Resultados y discusión: Los resultados preliminares muestran un uso promedio de gas de 221,189 y un consumo de 0.00442378 ETH por transacción, con una reducción del 43% en los costos de verificación respecto a sistemas tradicionales. Esto demuestra la viabilidad técnica y económica del modelo propuesto. Implicaciones de la investigación: El sistema puede aplicarse en contextos educativos e industriales, fortaleciendo la confianza en la emisión y validación de documentos digitales. Originalidad/Valor: La propuesta contribuye al campo de la certificación digital al integrar estándares abiertos y contratos inteligentes, ofreciendo una solución escalable, segura y de bajo costo.
In the modern digital landscape, traditional cen- tralized storage models are increasingly vulnerable to security breaches, suffer from single points of failure, incur high main- tenance costs, and present scalability limitations. The Decen- tralized Storage System (DSS) is proposed as an alternative solution, utilizing distributed ledger technologies, peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, and advanced cryptographic mechanisms to establish a fault-tolerant, secure, and highly available data storage infrastructure. This paper presents the design and imple- mentation of a decentralized storage framework that integrates key blockchain concepts—such as immutability, transparency, and consensus validation—to enhance data integrity and security. The system enables users to store, retrieve, and share data in a fully decentralized manner while ensuring confidentiality through encryption. The work includes a comprehensive architectural and functional analysis of a full-stack, decentralized file storage platform built specifically on the Filecoin Protocol, leveraging the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) for distributed content addressing and efficient data retrieval. The platform employs a hybrid architecture combining Web2 technologies—Next.js for the frontend, Node.js/Express for the backend, and MongoDB for centralized metadata management—with core Web3 protocols. The analysis confirms the project's success in creating a practical, non-custodial storage solution that abstracts the complexities of the decentralized web. However, a key architectural trade-off is identified: the system's reliance on provider-centric tooling (Boost CLI) and third-party Remote Procedure Call (RPC) endpoints (Glif API) simplifies development but introduces dependencies that compromise the ideal of full, end-to-end decentralization.
The book Solutions and Technologies for Modern Business stands as a relevant contribution to understanding the technological and strategic transformations impacting the contemporary business environment.With a broad approach, the work offers reflections on innovative solutions, technological tools, and management practices aimed at strengthening and adapting organizations in the face of constant market changes.By emphasizing the integration of theory and practice, the book contributes to the development of critical analyses regarding the use of technology in organizational processes, highlighting its importance for competitiveness, innovation, and decision-making.The work brings together diverse perspectives that enrich academic debate and encourage the development of more efficient and sustainable strategies in the business context.This book is recommended for professors, students, and professionals in the fields of administration, management, technology, and business, as well as for anyone interested in expanding their knowledge of solutions and technologies applied to the corporate environment.It is a work that fosters learning, reflection, and the improvement of organizational practices in the digital era.
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is considered to be used in processing crypto assets, constructing smart contracts and data governance. As the evidence shows that application of this technology has become beneficial, number of business models created by this technology is increasingly large. However, in Myanmar, not all of business models attributed to this technology are legally allowed yet. This fact made the research to explore why there was a ban on minting crypto currency in Myanmar. However, other opportunities to use the cryptographic and block-chain concepts have not been blocked. Based on the guidance and pro and con articulations relating to this cutting-edge technology, this research offers the view that the Central Bank of Myanmar is responsible in opening up more business models. The bank requires revisiting its order or issuing the supplemental manual not to abuse the advanced technology
This article examines whether blockchain-based decentralization poses challenges to the legal order amenable to incremental regulatory adaptation, or with structural inadequacies in its very foundations. Legal orders presuppose the identification of subjects – natural persons, legal entities, public authorities – to whom rights and obligations are attributed. Attribution unfolds across three constitutive dimensions: territory, language, and embodied legal subjectivity. Blockchain technology and autonomous decentralized systems – Decentralized Autonomous Organizations, Decentralized Finance protocols – destabilize each, operating without identifiable centres of accountable authority. The challenge is therefore structural, not regulatory: as centres of attribution recede, legal categories lose the referent that grounds their meaning. Regulatory responses – the MiCAR Regulation, US enforcement actions – vest accountability in identifiable subjects. Integrating decentralized technologies thus brings to light the need to reconstitute identifiable centres of attribution: not a mere adaptation of the existing normative framework, but an exercise in institutional innovation.
Zero-knowledge důkazy (ZKP) umožňují dokazovateli přesvědčit ověřovatele o správnosti tvrzení, aniž by odhalil podkladový svědek. V posledních letech se ZKP stal klíčovou součástí aplikací chránících soukromí i škálovatelných blockchainových systémů, od stručných rollupů založených na SNARK až po transparentní konstrukce STARK založené na hašovacích funkcích a důkazy vykonání v systémech zkVM/zkEVM. Tato diplomová práce zkoumá hlavní moderní rodiny ZKP, včetně pairing-based zk-SNARKů, Plonkish protokolů, zk-STARKů, Bulletproofs a novějších hash-based přístupů k proximity testingu, jako je WHIR, se zaměřením na jejich kryptografické stavební bloky, bezpečnostní předpoklady a praktické kompromisy. Práce dále mapuje existující benchmarkingové přístupy a identifikuje běžné problémy, které komplikují spravedlivé porovnání, včetně nekonzistentních benchmarkových úloh, heterogenní volby parametrů a nereprodukovatelných běhových \\ prostředí. Na základě této analýzy práce vymezuje klíčové hodnoticí metriky a navrhuje sjednocený benchmarkingový framework typu host-agent s kontejnerizovanými provery, explicitními run manifesty, standardizovanými kontrakty výsledků a podporou jak pro CPU, tak pro GPU výpočetní cesty napříč systémy založenými na obvodech i zkVM. S využitím tohoto frameworku práce hodnotí reprezentativní implementace na sadě sémanticky porovnatelných primárních benchmarkových úloh a sekundárních benchmarkových úloh orientovaných na specializaci. Výsledky ukazují, že neexistuje jeden univerzálně nejlepší proof system: transparentní frameworky založené na obvodech, jako jsou Plonky3 a Winterfell, dosahují u primárních benchmarkových úloh nejlepších výsledků z hlediska doby generování důkazu a paměťových nároků, pairing-based systémy jako Groth16 a ICICLE poskytují nejmenší důkazy a nejrychlejší verifikaci pro scénáře omezené možnostmi ověřovatele nebo pro on-chain nasazení a systémy zkVM, jako jsou RISC Zero a SP1, směňují vyšší spotřebu paměti a větší důkazy za lepší programovatelnost a snazší integraci obecně použitelných výpočtů. Experimenty dále ukazují, že akcelerace pomocí GPU je nejpřínosnější u dostatečně velkých benchmarkových úloh, zatímco inicializační režie a limity VRAM její přínos u menších případů snižují. Celkově práce přispívá jak praktickým jednotným benchmarkingovým frameworkem, tak experimentálně podloženými doporučeními pro volbu ZKP přístupů v různých podmínkách nasazení, hardwaru, důvěryhodnostních modelů a bezpečnostních omezení.
Este estudo analisa a arquitetura da interoperabilidade no ecossistema <b>Ethereum</b>, investigando como a padronização de interfaces e os mecanismos de comunicação entre contratos sustentam a natureza compostável da <b>Web3</b>. A pesquisa detalha a evolução dos padrões de tokens, partindo do <b>ERC-20</b> para ativos fungíveis, passando pelo <b>ERC-721</b> para ativos não-fungíveis (NFTs), até o advento do <b>ERC-1155</b>, que permite a gestão multi-token em um único contrato, otimizando custos de transação (<i>gas</i>).Além dos padrões, o texto explora os mecanismos de comunicação <i>cross-contract</i>, como o delegatecall, essenciais para a criação de sistemas modulares e contratos atualizáveis. No entanto, a obra ressalta que a interoperabilidade amplia a superfície de ataque, destacando a vulnerabilidade de <b>reentrância</b> e a importância do padrão <i>Checks-Effects-Interactions</i> para mitigar riscos financeiros. Por fim, o trabalho discute fronteiras emergentes, como o padrão <b>ERC-6551</b> (tokens vinculados a contas) e a necessidade de soluções seguras para a interoperabilidade entre diferentes blockchains (<i>cross-chain</i>).<br>
Bharathi Panduri, Lohith Matcha, Sai Darshan Lingamanthula, Vineet Katta
Pharmaceutical providers are now facing problems such as counterfeit drugs, lack of openness, different data systems, and weaker regulation. As a result of these shortcomings, medicinal products may be unsafe for patients and this can damage the public's trust in these products. Traditional centralized structures do not have the necessary traceability, security, and resilience for effective management of supply chains. In the context of Industry 4.0, there is an increasing shift toward digital transformation and decentralized industrial systems to improve transparency and automation. This paper describes PharmaChain, a DApp created using blockchain, which is intended to add transparency and trust to the way drugs are managed in the supply chain. With the help of Ethereum and Solidity-based smart contracts, PharmaChain develops a permanent record of every step in the supply chain, starting with buying raw goods and finishing with delivering them to end-users. The platform uses role-based access control, such as manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and regulatory bodies. With a modern MERN stack, PharmaChain ensures the UI is flexible and works well on any device, and Web3.js and MetaMask handle the connection to blockchain on the frontend. The proposed system aligns with Industry 4.0 principles by enabling secure, automated, and decentralized traceability across the pharmaceutical supply chain. Smart contracts significantly reduce the involvement of intermediaries and manual work in the process.
Traditional electoral systems exhibit critical vulnerabilities including vote manipulation, centralized points of failure, and compromised transparency that undermine democratic integrity. This research presents BLOCKELECT, a decentralised blockchain-based secure voting system designed to address these fundamental challenges. The system employs Ethereum smart contracts written in Solidity to enforce immutable voting rules, Web3.js for blockchain integration, and MetaMask wallet authentication for secure voter verification. The proposed architecture implements dual interfaces for voters and electoral commissions, with distributed consensus mechanisms ensuring real-time transaction validation. Smart contracts automatically enforce electoral rules while maintaining cryptographic immutability of all voting transactions. The decentralised design eliminates single points of failure by distributing vote storage and validation across multiple network nodes. System validation employed comprehensive testing including unit, integration, system, and security testing methodologies. Results demonstrate successful prevention of vote tampering, elimination of double voting, and provision of transparent, auditable election results. Implementation utilised Truffle framework, Ganache blockchain simulation, and Node.js back-end services following an Agile Prototype-based Iterative Development methodology. This research demonstrates the feasibility of blockchain technology in creating trustworthy electoral systems, indicating that blockchain-based voting represents a viable solution for enhancing democratic processes while addressing persistent challenges of electoral fraud and lack of public confidence in traditional voting mechanisms.Traditional electoral systems exhibit critical vulnerabilities including vote manipulation, centralized points of failure, and compromised transparency that undermine democratic integrity. This research presents BLOCKELECT, a decentralised blockchain-based secure voting system designed to address these fundamental challenges. The system employs Ethereum smart contracts written in Solidity to enforce immutable voting rules, Web3.js for blockchain integration, and MetaMask wallet authentication for secure voter verification. The proposed architecture implements dual interfaces for voters and electoral commissions, with distributed consensus mechanisms ensuring real-time transaction validation. Smart contracts automatically enforce electoral rules while maintaining cryptographic immutability of all voting transactions. The decentralised design eliminates single points of failure by distributing vote storage and validation across multiple network nodes. System validation employed comprehensive testing including unit, integration, system, and security testing methodologies. Results demonstrate successful prevention of vote tampering, elimination of double voting, and provision of transparent, auditable election results. Implementation utilised Truffle framework, Ganache blockchain simulation, and Node.js back-end services following an Agile Prototype-based Iterative Development methodology. This research demonstrates the feasibility of blockchain technology in creating trustworthy electoral systems, indicating that blockchain-based voting represents a viable solution for enhancing democratic processes while addressing persistent challenges of electoral fraud and lack of public confidence in traditional voting mechanisms.
Everything has shifted into a new gear with technology advancement and so has literature. Literature publication is no longer limited to printed pages or e-content. This paper explores the new domain of digitalised literature, crypto-literature. The tools employed for this are blockchain technology and NFTs (Non- Fungible Tokens). Together, these are transforming literary ownership and distribution while empowering authors. This paper delves into how with the help of an alternative to traditional publication, tokenisation of literary works and smart contracts, authors gain transparent royalties, decentralised publishing and copyright gains, which in turn provides creators a greater control over their creations. This paper also explores how, while crypto-literature through Web3 platforms provides creative autonomy and economic empowerment, it also poses several concerns regarding digital equity, accessibility and ecological implications. With the global trends and Indian market in focus, this paper evaluates the advantages and limitations put forward to creators as well as consumers while engaging with this advancing literary system. In short, this paper puts crypto-literature as a focal point of literary innovation, while looking for ethical, inclusive and sustainable practices of this new paradigm.
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Innovations and Analysis in Business and Education