Blockchain Papers

Martin Vejačka, Dana Paľová

No abstract is available for this record.

Andrii Vozniuk, Anna Tytko

No abstract is available for this record.

František Sudzina, Antonín Pavlíček

Cryptocurrencies are around for less than a decade but their usage steadily increases. There is no doubt that functional, social (cool-factor) and financial (high risk -high reward investment) motives drive its adoption and usage. But it is also worth to investigate whether personality and demographics can play some role in the adoption. The research have focused on impact of personality traits (according to the Big Five Inventory framework) on the usage of cryptocurrencies. The research was conducted in the Czech Republic. Respondents were university students, 478 in total (272 male, 206 female; 20.5 years old on average), of whom 62 respondents indicated that they use cryptocurrencies. Gender, age, and type of student job were used as control variables. With regards to the results, openness to experience, gender, and type of student job influence the adoption. Subjects more open to experience, male, and working full time in the field they study use cryptocurrencies more.

D. A. Kachan

The article discusses the features of distributed ledger technology based on the use of decentralized peer-topeer networks. The history of the emergence and development of distributed ledger technology considered in detail, the prerequisites for the growth of its popularity in various fields are analyzed. The main advantages and disadvantages of distributed ledger technology in general, as well as decentralized (permissionless) and exclusive (permitted) blockchain platforms in particular, are revealed. The principles of functioning of cryptocurrencies on the basis of blockchain technology, including their issue (coinage) are described. The state of blockchain technologies from the point of view of technology maturity is considered. The main trends in the development of blockchain technology at the present stage are revealed. An analysis of the possibilities of using distributed ledger technology of public administration, including in the education system, in order to improve the safety and automation of functions is presented.

Зоряна Двуліт, Khrystyna Peredalo, R. Tylipska, R. Terno · 5 authors

У статті розглянуто поняття "криптовалюта", обгрунтовано популярність цього нового виду фінансового інструменту на економічному просторі, виокремлено основні особливості криптовалюти як одного з виду віртуальних грошей та її вплив на економічну систему. Виокремлено такі ключові особливості криптовалюти: обмін на товари або послуги; обмін на класичну валюту; оплата товарів та послуг; мінімальний рівень неможливості викрадення; платежі, швидкі і прямі транзакції; інвестиційний актив; розвиток бізнесу на криптовалюті. Наведено переваги та недоліки криптовалюти та особливості її використання. Звернено увагу на Bitcoin, основний вид криптовалюти, який використовується в світі, та проаналізовано динаміку його курсу по відношенню до долара США. Розглянуто питання легалізації криптовалюти в окремих країнах, зокрема, в Україні. Визначено основні вимоги використання криптовалюти при її легалізації. Зосереджено увагу на українському законопроекті щодо порядку узаконення криптовалюти, що планується реалізувати в два етапи. Зроблено висновок про відсутність єдиної думки щодо подальшої стратегії розвитку криптовалюти в світі, її легалізації та законності використання. Наведено бачення щодо подальших тенденцій застосування криптовалюти у повсякденному житті та бізнес-середовищі. Проведено дослідження за проблемою розвитку ринку криптовалюти дозволило виокремити такі тенденції розвитку: нешвидке впровадження електронних грошей в усі сфери життя суспільства; можливість придбання усе більше товарів і послуг за крипто валюту; доповнення ринку фінансових послуг як новий платіжний інструмент та вид інвестиційних активів, не замінюючи при цього в найближчі роки, класичні банківські операції; зниження рівня анонімності при використанні криптовалюти, що буде зумовлено більшою її популяризацією; поширення легітимності криптовалюти у більшості державах світу; стабілізація курсу криптовалюти через 5—10 років; закріплення позицій Bitcoin як основної криптовалюти та поява нових, які досягатимуть масштабів Bitcoin.

Т. М. Шамсутдинова

The purpose of this study is to analyze possible problems in issuing digital diplomas, using the blockchain technology, and to promote solving these problems as well as to show the possibility of practical implementation of the blockchain technology, using a test example. Materials and methods. The study included a review of bibliographic sources on the use of blockchain technologies in the education system, as well as computer modeling of the task of registering and verifying a digital diploma in the blockchain. Results. In the course of the work, a model of the process of issuing and verifying digital diplomas was built, and a number of problems related to the practical implementation of this model were also considered. At the same time, the following groups of problems that restrain the spread of blockchain in the education sector of the Russian Federation were identified: technical and technological problems (lack of a national blockchain platform); legal issues (lack of legal force of digital diplomas); organizational problems (lack of a centralized management structure that coordinates the “educational” blockchain as a single digital information space). An example was also realized, showing the hardware and technological capabilities of the implementation of the task under consideration using the currently open (freely available) platforms. To implement the proposed test case, the Ethereum blockchain network was used, in particular, its RinkeBy test network. The project implementation consisted of the following stages: creating a digital diploma file and placing it in the open file-sharing network in order to obtain the corresponding document hash; obtaining blockchain address (an electronic wallet was created using the MetaMask browser plugin, which allows for the transfer of data on a digital diploma to the blockchain); preparing data to be sent to the blockchain, where the data was a hexadecimal code, containing brief information about a digital diploma, including its hash; transferring data to the Ethereum blockchain (making a transaction); verification of transaction results in Etherscan. Conclusion. The blockchain technology provides great opportunities in improving the concept of e-learning, taking into account the current requirements of the digital economy. This technology can conceptually change the data archiving system, increase the reliability of information protection against falsification, and significantly speed up the execution of requests for information and data processing. The problems that arise can be successfully resolved, as long as that the blockchain becomes one of the principles of the unified information educational space. At the same time, the blockchain gives the following new opportunities: transparency and verifiability of the system of certification of graduates of educational institutions; the possibility of liquidation of intermediary organizations that implement a variety of support monitoring and certifying functions, associated with the “paper” requests for confirmation of diplomas; the overall reduction in paper workflow, the transfer of the classic “paper” business-processes into the information space, and as a result of all this – the practical implementation and example of the realization of the concept of digitalization of the knowledge economy.

Pratim Shekhar Patil

The purpose of this study was to analyze and understand the attitude of the millennial generation towards cryptocurrency. This topic of Cryptocurrency is in the growth stage and hence the understanding of the attitude of this generation shall be an addition to the current study available on cryptocurrencies. This dissertation will be beneficial to the upcoming or existing companies or offerers of cryptocurrency to estimate their future viability based on the millennial generation’s attitude.
\nThe results were formed based on the data collected through interviews of eight millennials from different professional background but having awareness about cryptocurrency. The questionnaire was formed to collect data about knowledge, experience, trust, and other investment factors of the millennials towards cryptocurrency. The research aimed to analyze the data collected and conclude the overall attitude of millennial generation towards cryptocurrency.
\nThis report focuses on the numerous factors and challenges that go into the decision-making process of the typical millennial investors. We can conclude that the millennials have positively accepted the concept of cryptocurrency but are doubtful when it comes to actual trading since they lack proper awareness and skills to do. But the experienced millennials have accepted it as a useful financial asset after. Thereby, the overall study on Cryptocurrency would help one to understand the merits and demerits of it in the present world along with the logical reasoning that has given a direction to the findings.

R. LUKIANCHUK, Maksym Grebeniuk, Andrii Cherniak

No abstract is available for this record.

Andrew Burnie, James Burnie, Andrew Henderson

The rise of cryptocurrency as a new sui generis asset class creates a need for a new classification scheme to cover the wide range of functionality for which tokens can be used. By differentiating tokens based on their functional attributes, cryptocurrency tokens can be categorised into crypto-transaction tokens (which act as a cash substitute); crypto-fuel tokens (which underpin generic blockchain applications); and crypto-voucher tokens (which can be exchanged for a predefined asset). This classification is applied to identify important issues when considering whether to participate in a cryptocurrency system, such as the impact of potential forks, token supply expectations and the level of dependence on a few operators (entity-dependence). For crypto-transaction tokens (and crypto-fuel tokens if used in a similar or overlapping role) it shows the importance of the token being seen as a “better” form of money. For crypto-fuel tokens, the popularity of blockchain applications and the utility of the crypto-fuel system in application development is vital. For crypto-voucher tokens, the value of the underlying asset, the token’s exchangeability for that asset and the importance of a digital representation should be considered by participants. The interplay between fundamentals and speculation as drivers of price is considered.An erratum to this article has been published at as DOI: https://doi.org/10.5195/ledger.2018.151.

Kristian Đokić, Mirjana Radman Funarić, Katarina Potnik Galić

No abstract is available for this record.