By distributing personal information and profile pages in blocks and verifying them using blockchain technology, SNS becomes a point of trust. This study proposes a practical and straightforward technical method to authenticate profiles on social networks. Anyone can use this mechanism to authenticate a social media account, increasing the chances of identifying the natural person behind the account. Furthermore, fake accounts are exposed this way, creating a more secure and trustworthy social media environment. Blockchain technology is a participatory mechanism between private information and the blockchain, and only developers are required to modify the properties of the platform directly. The actual personal information of the account holder is stored in encrypted blocks that are difficult to modify, copy or steal and are displayed on the profile page.
<em>First of all, this article contains information about the most popular cryptocurrencies today, as well as detailed information about cryptocurrencies and bitcoins.</em>
Millions of individuals today utilize cryptocurrencies, which have a strong open-source community and payment network. The first study to predict cryptocurrency prices using news and social media emotion was published in In this paper, we apply sentiment analysis and machine learning principles to find the correlation between "public sentiment" and "market sentiment". We use twitter data to predict public mood and use the predicted mood and cryptocurrency financial news to predict the market movements.
У даній роботі розроблено вебзастосунок на блокчейні Ethereum, який надає можливість користувачам обмінювати криптовалюти, відображає статистику актуальних цін для криптовалюти та має інтеграцію функціоналу відстеження поточного газу в мережі Ethereum для проведення транзакцій. Для досягнення цієї мети були поставлені відповідні завдання, які були успішно виконані. В процесі розробки проведено дослідження наявних систем та технологій, що дозволяють обмінювати криптовалюти, для отримання глибшого розуміння їх принципів та функціоналу. Досліджено та обрано для впровадження алгоритм проведення обміну криптовалют, який забезпечує безпечну передачу активів між користувачами. Також реалізовано використання смарт-контракту, який відповідає алгоритму обміну криптовалют та забезпечує автоматизовану обробку транзакцій. Розроблено інтерфейс вебзастосунку, який дозволяє користувачам обмінювати криптовалюти. Також реалізовані необхідні операції для взаємодії з мережею Ethereum, зокрема для роботи з DEX, забезпечуючи можливість виконання транзакцій, доступ до контрактів та отримання актуальної інформації про токени на блокчейні Ethereum. Ключові слова : криптовалюта, обмін криптовалюти, вебзастосунок, API, ETHEREUM, смарт-контракт, блокчейн.
Open access
Cybersecurity and Information Systems
Information Systems and Technology Applications
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Метою роботи є створення додатку для зберігання та обміну медичної інформації на централізований мережі блокчейн. Об’єктом роботи є процес збереження та редагування та медичної інформації лікарями та її перегляд та обмін пацієнтами. Предметом роботи є програмний засіб для зберігання та обміну медичної інформації в централізованій мережі. Інструменти розроблення: безкоштовне, вільно поширюване середовище розробки Microsoft Visual Studio Code, мова програмування TypeScript, використання бібліотек React, web3-react, CSS бібліотеки Tailwind, програмного середовища розробки Hardhat, мова програмування смарт-контрактів Solidity, бібліотеки смарт-контрактів OpenZeppelin Contracts. У ході дослідження виконано загальний огляд типів медичної інформації, проблем її зберігання та обміну, архітектуру існуючих додатків, її переваги та недоліки. Також було досліджено та описано технологію блокчейн, її особливості, переваги та недоліки в порівнянні з клієнт-серверною архітектурою. Розроблено програмний продукт для зберігання та обміну медичної інформації на блокчейні. Ключові слова : WEB-3, децентралізована архітектура, клієнт-серверна архітектура, медична інформація, надійність, програмне забезпечення, приватна інформація, безпека, блокчейн.
Блокчейн - це тип технології розподіленого реєстру (Distributed Ledger Technology або DLT), який складається зі зростаючого списку записів, які називаються блоками, що надійно пов'язані між собою за допомогою криптографії [1]. В першу чергу, метою блокчейну є надати здатність користувачам записувати та розповсюджувати цифрову інформацію без змоги редагування.
Alexey Finogeev, Michael Deev, Данила Парыгин, Антон Финогеев
The article deals with the creation of an intelligent architecture of the Internet of Things transport environment based on software-defined network (SDN) and blockchain for detecting threats and attacks. The transport environment is created for the monitoring system of critical events in the road transport infrastructure. Blockchain technology is used to authenticate network nodes, store sensor data in a distributed ledger. The network packet clustering method based on a fuzzy neural network is used to detect packets with possible malicious content. The intelligent SDN architecture is a hierarchy of four layers with six levels and includes: a) edge computing layer (sensor nodes and routers level, SDN switches data level), b) fog computing layer (zone server level, control level in SDN controllers), c) a cloud computing layer with data center servers, d) a layer for presenting monitoring results on user devices and applications. Detection of threats and attacks is implemented by validating network nodes and analyzing header fields of IP packets and TCP segments. The intrusion detection system includes a parser and analyzer of data packets, a module for filtering traffic by type, port numbers and other characteristics of packets, a module for synthesizing digital signatures of trusted nodes and their validation, a module for analyzing and clustering packets based on fuzzy logic and a neural network, modules for logging procedures. The probability function of packets belonging to clusters is tuned through deep learning of a five-layer neural network. The conclusion about belonging and degree of similarity with malicious packages is formed using the fuzzy logic apparatus. To train the neural network, the previously synthesized rules of the flow tables and the identified signs of atypical data packets are used. The functionality and effectiveness of the SDN architecture with an intrusion detection system is validated by simulating procedures in the NS3 Simulator system, evaluating authenticity, latency, throughput, response time, and accuracy in detecting atypical data packets.
Electronic health information exchange allows providers to healthcare providers and patients to securely access vital medical information of the patient and share it in electronically with other healthcare providers. However, existing health systems for the exchange of medical data faced with a number of problems, in particular: security, confidentiality and fragmentation of medical data. Data information systems are isolated because each medical institution, laboratory, doctor use their own system. The patient cannot access their medical information in the right time, since patients still do not have access to these systems. And the exchange of medical information between doctors occurs through mail or patients carry their own medical records with them admission to reception. In healthcare, there is no single system that allows both doctors and patients to have permanent access to the history the patient's illness and prescribed treatment. The paper considers the electronic health system eHealth. In this system, all medical data is stored on central component, and physicians using information systems gets access to them. However, this system has its limitations: single point of failure, lack of a unified medical information systems and patients still do not have access to their medical data. Therefore, one of the solutions to these problems is to create systems for exchanging medical information using directed acyclic graph (DAG). DAG will allow freely exchange data with a guarantee of their integrity. The patient's medical records will be stored in a distributed ledger, and not on the server of the medical institution. So no one can change patient data or deny him access to his own data. The use of DAG is considered on the example of the transfer of medical patient data to the doctor. The process of creating and sending medical data to DAG is illustrated with a specific example.
Метою статті є аналіз тлумачення словосполучення Distributed Ledger Technology (далі DLT) таблокчейн, визначення спільного, та відмінного, переваги та недоліки технологій. З'ясовано, що блокчейн єпідмножиною DLT, і використовувати термін блокчейн не завжди доречно та тлумачно правильно,краще використовувати термін DLT. В патентах та статтях було виявлено, що термін DLT все жтаки був використаний раніше ніж термін блокчейн, хоча багато авторів статей, чомусь помилкововважають, що саме блокчейн породив поняття DLT.Окремо у статті розкрито, позитивні та негативні аспекти блокчейну, а також проведенакатегоризація DLT. Звернуто увагу на те, що вузли, які проводять та контролюють операції вдецентралізованих мережах, залежно від типу систем можуть по різному називатись, від валідаторівдо нод.Визначено, що DLT є більш грамотним та тлумачно вірним терміном ніж блокчейн, і використовуючийого, автор ніколи не помилиться в суті
The article proposes UML diagrams of the property right distribution module using NFT fractalization based on blockchain technology, which allow to develop software for the implementation of the modern way of fractions generation according to the ERC-1155 standard. A blockchain is a distributed database that is shared among the nodes of a computer network. As a database, a blockchain stores information electronically in digital format. Blockchains are best known for their crucial role in cryptocurrency systems, such as Bitcoin, for maintaining a secure and decentralized record of transactions. The innovation with a blockchain is that it guarantees the fidelity and security of a record of data and generates trust without the need for a trusted third party. This standard was chosen for the impossibility of offering fractions for sale on other platforms, ensuring the uniqueness of the proposed decentralized application. The main reason for the development is to create a module located on the network blockchain, ensuring the security of functionality with cryptographic algorithms from one of the most secure blockchain — Ethereum. The task of development is to implement functionality that ensures the fulfillment of all functional requirements, the most important of which are the creation of a unique NFT to the user’s property, its Fractionalization and the sale of fractions to other users.
Open access
Economic and Technological Systems Analysis
Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing
The main aim of the paper is to contribute to the discussion of cryptocurrency pricing through asset pricing models. The paper develops multifactor models for the cryptocurrency valuation and discusses the elements of these models based on the literature review of scholarly articles, books, and scientific databases. We further developed the models from unit factor to five factors in order to observe whether the development is achieved by adding new factors into the model. Consequently, we pointed out the most influential factor that determines the value of cryptocurrencies.
Леонід Куперштейн, Mykhailo Krentsin, A. V. Dudatyev, Vladyslav Kaplun
The basic concepts of peer-to-peer networks are analyzed. The current areas of their use are indicated, namely file-sharing services, teleconferencing systems, gaming and trade services, etc. The types of structural organization are considered, and their advantages and disadvantages are determined. According to the degree of centralization, pure, hybrid and federal architectures are distinguished. The classification of peer-to-peer peer networks by connection method and function is also given. Analysis of the prevalence of peer-to-peer networks in the modern world has proved the demand and relevance of the use of decentralized network technology, especially in the field of finance. Possible types of attacks on peer-to-peer networks are analyzed. Both general and specific attacks are highlighted. Specific attacks are oriented on user, application or network. Methods and mechanisms of protection for each of the studied types of attacks are given. The results of the analysis are systematized, namely for each attack the impact on the data, the degree of danger and the level of protection is determined. It also indicates the direction of violation of information security of each attack, namely the integrity, accessibility, confidentiality. It turned out to be no less interesting for malefactors, as evidenced by the significant number of hacks. The research of attacks on P2P networks showed a wide range of both general and specialized. At the same time, attacks are differentiated according to the degree of danger and the aspect of security breach. The most dangerous were attacks that could violate the confidentiality and integrity of data. These include the following attacks: distributed denial of service, index poisoning, sibyl attack, eclipse attack, botnets, masquerade. The research is the basis for further study of the shortcomings of the protection of peer-to-peer networks and the development of new secure mechanisms for data exchange in decentralized structures.
The object of research is software for financial accounting and distribution of funds in a non-profit charitable foundation using smart contracts of the Ethereum platform. The work is aimed at designing and implementing a software application for a charitable foundation, which allows to exclude the misuse of funds of a non-profit charitable foundation. The paper proposes an implementation of the Ethereum smart contract for the software of a charitable foundation. In the app, users can apply for financial aid or make a charitable donation. The request for financial support is confirmed by administrators to avoid abuse by those seeking help. Anyone who has a crypto wallet can become a sponsor by transferring funds from its account to a selected request. The sponsor remains incognito when making a charitable contribution. After collecting the entire declared amount, the funds are automatically transferred to the crypto wallet of the request’s owner. A smart contract and a corresponding decentralized web application for interacting with it were experimentally deployed, and their joint work was tested. To implement the smart contract, the Solidity programming language was chosen; developed smart contract converted to bytecode using remix. The resulting bytecode is ready to be deployed on the Ethereum platform. Decentralized web application for interacting with the contract is implemented using Web3.js, Vue.js. A rough estimate of the cost of deploying a project on the Ethereum platform has been made. The deployment and operation of smart contracts and web applications comes with a certain overhead, which is most dependent on the cost of ether. However, this is a justified price to pay for the transparency of transactions and the shadowing of the turnover of funds of the charitable foundation. The results of the research can be used as a basis for further transformation into full-fledged software with the ability to submit all reporting documents to the relevant government agencies and sponsors.
<p>Bai Jie<sup>1,2</sup>, Du Yanhui<sup>1</sup>, Lu Tianliang<sup>1</sup></p>
This paper studies the sensitive information recognition and processing system in social online games. A real-time data mining framework for sensitive information on online games in the blockchain mode is proposed. A large-scale social online game chat room database is selected for testing, with SKLearn library based on Python is used for data preprocessing. The model training and verification are implemented through tensorflow. The results show that the accuracy of TextCNN is over 5% higher than that of Naive Bayes and CNN models for short text recognition in online game context, so TextCNN model can meet the requirements for high efficiency and accuracy of sensitive information recognition in large-scale online games. The conclusion proves that the blockchain-based online game sensitive information mining framework has the advantage of alliance chain hierarchical management, the characteristics of the distributed ledgers leaving traces in the whole process of information dissemination, and enhanced contract enforcement through the smart contracts and consensus mechanisms.
Adélia Cristina Peres Torrecillas, Rodrigo Sakayemura
In the last decade, cryptocurrencies have gained prominence in the media as a payment method or an investment, arisingthe importance to study the viability of their attachment in the Brazilian execution process. However, the pace at which technological innovations arise is not always accompanied by the law to regulate them, and any omissions should be analyzed by the Judiciary, applying the current law and making up any gaps, in order to provide effective jurisdiction. This article, therefore, intends to review the existing literature to briefly explain some aspects of attachment of property, to define the legal and technical concepts of cryptocurrencies, elucidating how they work and analyzing the possibility of their attachment. At last, it will be discussed about the best mode of procedure for attachment of cryptocurrencies, if allowed by law.
Data security and privacy are one of the key concerns in the Internet of Things (IoT). Usage of IOT is increasing in the society day-by-day, and security challenges are becoming more and more severe. From a data perspective, IOT data security plays a major role. Some of the sensitive data such as criminal record, military information, the medical record of the patients, etc. Due to the size and other features of IOT, it is almost impossible to create an efficient centralized authentication system. The proposed system focused on IoT security for distributed medical record to provide perimeter security to the patient. Building trust in distributed environments without the need for authorities is a technological advance that has the potential to change many industries, the IOT is one among them. Furthermore, it protects data integrity and availability. It improves the accessibility of data by using the indexing method along with the blockchain. Moreover, it facilitate the utility of tracking the previous history of the patient record using the hyper ledger with authorization.
The article discusses the features of distributed ledger technology based on the use of decentralized peer-topeer networks. The history of the emergence and development of distributed ledger technology considered in detail, the prerequisites for the growth of its popularity in various fields are analyzed. The main advantages and disadvantages of distributed ledger technology in general, as well as decentralized (permissionless) and exclusive (permitted) blockchain platforms in particular, are revealed. The principles of functioning of cryptocurrencies on the basis of blockchain technology, including their issue (coinage) are described. The state of blockchain technologies from the point of view of technology maturity is considered. The main trends in the development of blockchain technology at the present stage are revealed. An analysis of the possibilities of using distributed ledger technology of public administration, including in the education system, in order to improve the safety and automation of functions is presented.
We have investigated processes of analysis, integration, and content generation, taking into consideration the needs of the user in cryptocurrency. By using the developed formal model and the performed critical analysis of methods and technologies for predicting the exchange rate of cryptocurrency, we have built a general architecture of the content processing system that acquires data from different cryptocurrency Internet stock exchanges. General functional requirements to the intelligent cryptocurrency system that target the Internet users have been stated. We have investigated methods, models, and tools to improve the effective support for developing structural elements in the model of a decision support system that manages content according to the user’s needs. general architectures of the backend and frontend parts of an intelligent cryptocurrency system have been devised. We also developed software for the system of integration and generation of content considering the cryptocurrency needs of users. An analysis of results of experimental verification of the proposed method for content integration and generation taking into consideration the cryptocurrency needs of users has been performed. A special feature of the system is that it analyzes information from social media and builds a forecast of currency rates based on the acquired information. A given system makes it possible to guess the trend in an exchange rate fluctuation. Conferences of a particular cryptocurrency, new implementations, government decrees from different countries, affect a trend as well, so it too must be taken into consideration. In order to account for most cases, it is necessary to constantly accumulate information on the subject and to assign it to Tables in a database. A given process takes place using a specialized software bot that collects and indexes information. The system is characterized by the following features that favorably distinguish it from analogs: the speed of page generation; the presence of SSL certificate and TLS encryption; content of better quality as it is updated every minute; there are no inactive sections of the service; the mobile web-site layout does not copy content at subdomain; automated checks against e-mail spam messages on the exchange rate. The focus of the system is on the frequency of updates at the speed of data aggregation from the Internet stock exchanges and social networks.
Blockchain technology and smart contract development currently lacks clarity in its implementation. The complicated architecture of blockchain is an obstacle that developers face during design and implementation of blockchain-based systems. In this paper we propose a method based on Model Driven Architecture, which could be used for defining and specifying blockchain structure and behavior. Such approach could be used as one of the ways for describing blockchain-based systems in a more general language in order to facilitate blockchain development process.
We propose a cryptographic protocol with zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) on elliptic curves (EC) using public keys and random messages, allowing to establish the truth of a statement not conveying any additional information about the statement itself. The cryptographic protocols based on zero-knowledge proof allow identification, key exchange and other cryptographic operations to be performed without leakage of sensitive information during the information exchange. The implementation of the cryptographic protocol of the zero-knowledge proof on the basis of the mathematical apparatus of elliptic curves allows to significantly reduce the size of the protocol parameters and increase its cryptographic strength (computational complexity of the breaking). The security of cryptosystems involving elliptic curves is based on the difficulty of solving the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. We determine the completeness and correctness of the protocol and give an example of the calculation is given. The cryptographic protocol was modeled in the High-Level Protocol Specification Language, the model validation and verification of the protocol were also performed. The software verification of the cryptographic protocol was performed using the software modules On the Fly Model Checker and Constraint Logic based Attack Searcher. In order to validate the cryptographic protocol resistance to intruder attacks, we used the Security Protocol Animator package for Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications. The security of the proposed cryptographic protocol ZKP EC is based on the difficulty of solving the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem). The recommended elliptical curves according to DSTU 4145-2002 may be used to implement such cryptographic protocol.
The rise of cryptocurrency as a new sui generis asset class creates a need for a new classification scheme to cover the wide range of functionality for which tokens can be used. By differentiating tokens based on their functional attributes, cryptocurrency tokens can be categorised into crypto-transaction tokens (which act as a cash substitute); crypto-fuel tokens (which underpin generic blockchain applications); and crypto-voucher tokens (which can be exchanged for a predefined asset). This classification is applied to identify important issues when considering whether to participate in a cryptocurrency system, such as the impact of potential forks, token supply expectations and the level of dependence on a few operators (entity-dependence). For crypto-transaction tokens (and crypto-fuel tokens if used in a similar or overlapping role) it shows the importance of the token being seen as a “better” form of money. For crypto-fuel tokens, the popularity of blockchain applications and the utility of the crypto-fuel system in application development is vital. For crypto-voucher tokens, the value of the underlying asset, the token’s exchangeability for that asset and the importance of a digital representation should be considered by participants. The interplay between fundamentals and speculation as drivers of price is considered.An erratum to this article has been published at as DOI: https://doi.org/10.5195/ledger.2018.151.