Public procurement accounts for a significant share of the country's budget. It is impossible to solve the problem of effective budget spending without establishing a rational and transparent system of public procurement. On the basis of international practice, a system of public procurement has been developed and implemented in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study of this article is determined by the fact, that a large-scale reform of the practice of public procurement is continued in Russia due to the fact that in January 2014 entered into force a new Federal law dated on April 5, 2013 № 44-FZ “On the contract system in the procurement of goods, works, services for state and municipal needs”. The contract system plays an important system-forming role in Russian society. A free and mutually beneficial economic treaty remains one of the main institutions of the market. For this reason the order of the state and separate types of legal entities forms ecosystem, in which all Russian business develops and under which adapts. One of the fundamental principles of the state procurement policy is the principle of increasing efficiency. Currently the trend of the development of the informal relations, the insufficient level of quality meet the requirements of the society. The existing institutional model of public procurement management in Moscow does not fully ensure in practice the reproduction of the necessary economic and social effects, focusing on economic. The problems of poor quality of procurement management in Moscow require a deep study and evaluation of the necessary level of efficiency of tools to improve economic and social relations in the public sector. The purpose of this article is to develop proposals for improving the mechanism of public procurement. The authors of the article consider the possibility of using blockchain in public procurement. The use of this technology will reduce the time spent on the processing of documentation, reduce the degree of corruption in the process of public procurement, by creating reputational lists available to all participants in this process. In addition, the use of a smart contract allows to minimize the number of intermediaries in the conclusion of public contracts.
Maxim Eugenyevich Demenkov, Ekaterina A. Demenkova, Svetlana Andreevna Shishmanova
The article highlights the approach to processing landed property data based on Blockchain technology and Ethereum platform, which allows the transparent, decentralized and highly reliable system for network users with restricted access to personal data. A review of the platforms for creating decentralized online services has been performed; their advantages and disadvantages considered. The inventory of the fields required for work with the landed property. There have been selected tools for working with Ethereum platform: browser Mist and the high-level language Solidity. To facilitate working with the inventory there were created a site with a map based on SharePoint platform and integrated using API Yandex.map. Peculiarity of the system under consideration is the need for trust between the participants who add data to the inventory. It has been proposed to use either a system based on a credible exchange of certificates, as they provide the high level of personal data security and have a service life, i.e. they are active only for one session, or a system of criteria for calculating the combined trust and assigning it to another person. Emphasis is made on the need to take into account the context of collaboration and shared services in trust management. The use of Blockchain technology for solving a practical task, namely, processing and storing spatial data on landed property, is an efficient way to store data, which will ensure the data relevance and reliability, as well as reduce their loss
In general, the construction industry has been pretty resistant to change. While most industries have gained in productivity over the years through implementation of new technologies and other factors, construction industry productivity has been on a steady decline since the 1960s. Even though there are a multitude of reasons for this, including more complex building types and a decline in the workforce, the major problem holding construction back are project management issues and alienation of project stakeholders in the construction process. Some improvements have been made to help with collaboration between parties, like BIM (building information modeling) and project management software like Procore and Plangrid, but there isn’t one application that pools information to share data between parties. This is where blockchain can make a difference and help solve the collaboration problem. Blockchain is a peer-to-peer, controlled, distributed transactional database used to record and store lists of transactions (called blocks) that are verified through cryptography. This paper explores the emergence of blockchain, highlights the progressive companies implementing this technology in construction, and analyzes the best practices and applications needed for blockchain to succeed in the construction industry.
Alexander Ivanov, Yevhenii Babichenko, Hlib Kanunnikov, Paul Karpus · 8 authors
Blockchain as a technology is rapidly developing, finding more and more new entry points into everyday life. This is one of the elements of the technical Revolution 4.0, and it is used in the field of supply, maintenance of various types of registers, access to software products, combating DDOS attacks, distributed storage, fundraising for projects, IoT, etc.Nowadays, there are many blockchainplatforms in the world. They have one technological root but different applications. There are many prerequisites to the fact that in the future the number of new decentralized applications will increase. Therefore, it is important to develop a methodology for determining the optimal blockchainbased platform to solve a specific problem. As an example, consider the worldfamous platforms Ethereum, Nem, and Stellar. Each of them allows to develop decentralized applications, issue tokens, and execute transactions. At the same time, the key features of these blockchainbased platforms are not similar to one another. These very features will be considered in the article.Purpose. Identify the key parameters that characterize the blockchainbased platforms. This will provide an opportunity to present a complex blockchain technology in the form of a simple and understandable architecture. Based on these parameters and using the expertise of the article’s authors, we will be able to develop a methodology to be used to solve the problems of choosing the optimal blockchainbased platform for solving the problem of developing smart contracts and issuing tokens.Methods. Analysis of the complexity of using blockchainbased platforms. Implementation of token issuance, use of test and public networks, execution of transactions, analysis of the development team and the community, analysis of the user interface and the developer interface.Discussion. By developing a platform comparison methodology to determine optimal characteristics, we can take the development process to a new level. This will allow to quickly and effectively solve the tasks.Results. Creation of a methodology for comparison blockchainbased platforms.
R. A. Andreev, P A Andreeva, Л Н Кротов, Elena Krotova
В современном IT-пространстве блокчейн находится в числе наиболее быстро развивающихся технологий. В первую очередь это связано с ростом рынка криптовалют, которые созданы на базе технологии блокчейн. Но это не единственное возможное применение данной технологии. Блокчейн является многопользовательской надежной книгой учета транзакций, которую каждый может проверить, но ни один отдельный пользователь не может контролировать. Цель работы - анализ различных типов блокчейн технологии по различным параметрам (скорость работы, безопасность, условия доступа и другие). В данной статье представлен обзор различных типов блокчейна и возможные варианты применения этой технологии. Подробно рассмотрены различные виды данной технологии: публичные, федеративные, частные и гибридные блокчейны. Частные блокчейны имеют важное значение для решения проблем, связанных с эффективностью, безопасностью и мошенничеством в рамках традиционных финансовых учреждений. В то же время публичные блокчейны обладают потенциалом для замены большинства функций традиционных финансовых учреждений программным обеспечением, главным образом переопределяя способ работы финансовой системы. Федеративные блокчейны являются более быстрыми и обеспечивают большую конфиденциальность транзакций. Гибридный блокчейн объединяет возможности масштабируемости распределенной базы данных с неизменяемыми элементами блокчейна. Раскрыты условия и правила работы с тем или иным типом блокчейна. Приведены примеры использования блокчейн-технологии для работы с криптовалютами. Представлены результаты сравнения публичных и частных блокчейнов по доступу, скорости, безопасности и идентификации. Результаты обзора показали, что технология блокчейн все еще находится на ранних стадиях развития и имеет ряд проблем, требующих решения.
Article Measurement index of fiscal decentralization and the revaluation of the economic growth effect was published on December 1, 2015 in the journal China Finance and Economic Review (volume 4, issue 4).