Blockchain Papers

Bogdan Derevyanko, Olha Turkot

The paper aims to study some aspects of the legal regulation of relations with cryptocurrency in Ukraine and the EU and suggest improvements for Ukrainian legislation on virtual assets.

E. V. Arbatskaya, L. V. Khoreva

The main trend of development of modern society is named – it is digitalization that is causing global changes in industries, companies, processes, business models. Recently, an increasing penetration of the latest information technologies into all spheres of modern society, including tourism, which is currently one of the fastest growing areas in Russia, can be observed. The study of logistic in tourism is one of the promising areas of the modern economy, and, at the same time, blockchain is the main trend of digitalization. Despite the novelty of the trend of digitalization of tourism logistics, there is a growing awareness of its importance for economic and social development in Russian and in international practice. The definition of concept and content of the blockchain technology are considered. The main goal of getting familiar with the blockchain technology and highlighting its importance is achieved. The expediency of use is justified and examples of practical application of blockchain technologies in tourism logistics are considered. The assumption is made that the interest of using blockchain technology will increase in the nearest future.

NAREK KARAPETYAN

No abstract is available for this record.

Світлана Дяченко

Розкрито сутність діджиталізації як механізму управління місцевими фінансами, визначено особливості його практичного забезпечення, принципи та вимоги. Досліджено основні аспекти розвитку діджиталізації та розширення доступу територіальної громади до процесу управління місцевими фінансами в умовах децентралізації влади. Аналізуються недоліки сучасного стану діджиталізації управління місцевими фінансами з точки зору наповнення апаратними можливостями електронних платформ та програм. Визначено напрями та необхідні умови підвищення ефективності управління місцевими фінансами (планування, організація, контроль, нагляд) усіма членами територіальної громади за допомогою механізму діджиталізації. Зроблено висновок, що механізм діджиталізації в сфері місцевих фінансів демонструє необхідність запровадження важливого тренду — переходу від громадського контролю до громадської ініціативи. На сьогодні, в умовах децентралізації влади великого значення набуває розширення форм електронної демократії за допомогою технологічних можливостей та сучасних гаджетів, які значно спрощують та розширюють доступ громади до сервісів управління в режимі реального часу, в тому числі в сфері місцевих фінансів.

Tatiana Shulzhenko

The article analysis the methodological justification of the digital transformation of logistics processes in transport chains formed by transport and logistics companies at the national and transnational levels, which own their own infrastructure, when switching to the technology of smart contracts. The research methodology is based on the provisions of the theory of logistics and supply chain management, the theory of process management and the design and technological concept of organizational culture formation. Based on the results of the established principles of transition to smart contract technology, digital transformation of processes, a logical and time structure of the methodology of engineering/reengineering of logistics business processes in transport chains was formed during the transition to smart contract technology, which provides the most complete coverage of methodological problems solved in the process of reengineering, their logical focus, as well as correlation with the time frame. The study presents a methodological tool and results of semantic modeling of logistics processes in transport chains that form the necessary basis for further algorithmization of procedures for fulfilling the contractual conditions of a smart contract. Based on the systematization of approaches to establishing the essential characteristics of smart contracts, their models are established, as well as the necessary conditions for the successful implementation of various smart contract models and possible transition scenarios are identified. The materials of the article are largely the result of close interaction with JSC “Russian Railways” in the course of preparing a methodological justification for the transition to the technology of smart contracts in transport chains, the logical processes in which are implemented using the railway infrastructure of JSC “Russian Railways”.

А.Г. Колонин

Обсуждается краткая история, суть, отношение к друг другу и перспективы развития таких модных технологически трендов как блокчейн, распределенный реестр, криптовалюты, децентрализация вычислений и распределённые вычисления по схеме “равный-к-равному”, а также искусственный интеллект. A brief history, essence, attitude to each other, and prospects for the development of fashionable technological trends such as blockchain, distributed ledger, cryptocurrencies, decentralization of computing, and distributed peer-to-peer computing, as well as artificial intelligence, are discussed.

Anna Vital'evna Tikhonova

This article is dedicated to the question of taxation and tax management of a number of operation in digital environment, namely related to the use of cryptocurrency. Special attention is paid to blockchain technologies as a promising tool for improvement of tax management and automation of business processes. The relevance of this work on the one hand is substantiated by the increasing trade volume on the digital markets hand, while on the other – weak foundation, insufficient technical capabilities of tax management of such operations and univerdsally accepted approaches. The results of research can be used by the Ministry of Finances and Government of the Russian federation in development of strategies for improvement of tax policy. The author determines the global trends of recognition/non-recognition of cryptocurrency as a specific type of property, assets of payment method. A brief overview of foreign approaches towards tax regulation of cryptocurrency is presented. The author systematizes the Russian legislative framework on taxation of digital currency, describes the evolution of national approaches to fiscal regulation in this area. A formulation of modern interpretation of cryptocurrency as the object of taxation by different types of taxes (corporate tax, value-added tax, corporate property tax, personal property tax) is provided. The author determines the possibilities for development of tax management with the use of blockchain technologies, as well as forecasts main consequences of such transformations for businesses and the state.

Larisa Karanatova, A. Yu. Kulev

Digital transformation affects almost all areas of government management, including public procurement. World experience shows that the procurement sector acts as a driver of digital transformation of corporations. According to the authors, digitalization of public procurement should not be an end in itself, a balanced approach is needed to make the contract system more open, accountable to citizens, convenient for business, cost-effective and anti-corruption. Currently, there have been significant changes in the public procurement system in the direction of its electronicization, electronic platforms, electronic stores for small purchases have appeared, all competitive procurement methods have switched to electronic format. The next stage in the development of the contract system is digitalization due to the transition to smart technologies, including blockchain, smart contracts, cloud services, artificial intelligence, bigdata. The purpose of this article is to show how digital technologies, including those successfully used in corporate procurement, will help move to state “procurement 4.0” and lead to the formation of an intellectual contract system, including eliminating the influence of the subjective “human” factor as much as possible, by transferring the collateral function making managerial decisions to artificial intelligence.

I. Gulyi

Task: to develop a concept for implementing distributed Ledger technologies (blockchain) in passenger railway transport and to justify the approach to evaluating the effectiveness of these technologies. Methods: content analysis of special industry research, analysis of specialized statistical reporting on the use of digital systems and technologies, survey, mathematical modeling, and others. Result. The author analyzes the trends of the multimodal passenger transport market, in particular the European segment. It is established that due to the significant development of multimodality in passenger transport, transport organizations will be able to meet modern customer requests mainly when switching to network technologies, mainly to digital systems of distributed transaction data registry. The concept of passenger blockchain in transport is proposed: its functionality, platform composition, digital modules, additional services for passengers. The effects resulting from the introduction of blockchain in passenger transportation are systematized, the sources of their occurrence, and their quantitative assessment for the passenger railway complex of Russia is given. Practical significance: the results of the study deepen methodological developments in the field of economic evaluation of investment projects for the introduction of digitalization technologies. They are in demand by managers of transport companies, development specialists, and analysts who evaluate digital technologies.

G. V. Zubakov, Олег Дмитриевич Проценко, I.O. Protsenko

The presented study addresses the current problems in the implementation of the distributed ledger (blockchain) technology in supply chain management mechanisms in the context of the digital economy. Aim. The study aims to analyze the application of the blockchain technology in modern economic processes from the perspective of logistics. Tasks. The authors consider the possibility of using the blockchain technology in the supply chain management system and explore ways to use the findings of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) in the fieldof digital economy to organize information standardization processes within the supply chains of foreign and mutual trade. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine approaches to the implementation of the blockchain technology in transport and logistics processes and to find opportunities for the implementation of smart contracts to ensure the traceability of the entire chain of commodity and information fl ws. Results. Implementation of the distributed ledger (blockchain) technology in the logistics processes of foreign and mutual trade increases the transparency of information fl ws and the speed of decisionmaking. This technology would allow the parties to negotiate directly, minimizing potential risks and the time required to approve a supply deal. Conclusions. The authors consider the possibility of using a systematic approach to the digitalization of transport and logistics processes and the subsequent standardization of information interaction at the B2B, B2G, and G2G levels, segmented by separate fields of transport and foreign trade and individual economic sectors. As a conclusion, the study assesses the prospects of the practical implementation of blockchain mechanisms in the creation of industrial platforms — digital platforms that provide integrated services for businesses and the government using a single window system.

Vera Maltseva, Alexander Maltsev

The review covers the WTO report “Can Blockchain revolutionize international trade?” The report studies the multifaceted effects of Blockchain on international trade and its multiple applications. Digitalization of the cross-border transactions as the key effect would be particularly beneficial for the most paper-intensive processes, including trade finance, trade facilitation, trade in services, intellectual property and public procurement. The significant positive and transformative effect of Blockchain on international trade goes without saying, but the author warns against being too enthusiastic on the prospects of the full-size trade digitalization. As this requires enhanced trust between parties of the cross-border transactions, as well as international cooperation and joint efforts to build Blockchain ecosystems, and tackle legal and policy issues.

Innessa Efremenko, Victoria BONDARENKO, A.Ya. Palant, G.V. Nazarenko

The article investigates specific features of state regulation of operations with cryptocurrencies in the conditions of the world economy digitalization. Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to form the state regulation of operations with cryptocurrencies, which create additional risks for the national currencies functioning in international financial and credit relations, it is necessary to consider this phenomenon first, from the position of a complete ban on the use of cryptocurrencies as a means of payment, second, in combination of a ban on the use of cryptocurrencies as means of payment, third, from the possibility of expanding the range of cryptocurrency users by including legal entities into it and fourth, the full legalization of the cryptocurrency.

E. L. Gulkova, Marina V. Karp, M. V. Tipalina

The issues of changing the tax system of the Russian Federation, the system of tax control under the influence of digital technologies have been examined. Electronic government services in the field of taxation, as well as the prospects and directions for the further development and expansion of electronic services used for taxpayers and tax authorities have been considered. The problems of taxation of operations with cryptocurrencies and their tax regulation have been touched upon. Conclusions have been formulated to improve the efficiency of taxation and tax control in the transition to a digital economy.

N. G. Kosyan, Irina V. Milkina

Public procurement accounts for a significant share of the country's budget. It is impossible to solve the problem of effective budget spending without establishing a rational and transparent system of public procurement. On the basis of international practice, a system of public procurement has been developed and implemented in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study of this article is determined by the fact, that a large-scale reform of the practice of public procurement is continued in Russia due to the fact that in January 2014 entered into force a new Federal law dated on April 5, 2013 № 44-FZ “On the contract system in the procurement of goods, works, services for state and municipal needs”. The contract system plays an important system-forming role in Russian society. A free and mutually beneficial economic treaty remains one of the main institutions of the market. For this reason the order of the state and separate types of legal entities forms ecosystem, in which all Russian business develops and under which adapts. One of the fundamental principles of the state procurement policy is the principle of increasing efficiency. Currently the trend of the development of the informal relations, the insufficient level of quality meet the requirements of the society. The existing institutional model of public procurement management in Moscow does not fully ensure in practice the reproduction of the necessary economic and social effects, focusing on economic. The problems of poor quality of procurement management in Moscow require a deep study and evaluation of the necessary level of efficiency of tools to improve economic and social relations in the public sector. The purpose of this article is to develop proposals for improving the mechanism of public procurement. The authors of the article consider the possibility of using blockchain in public procurement. The use of this technology will reduce the time spent on the processing of documentation, reduce the degree of corruption in the process of public procurement, by creating reputational lists available to all participants in this process. In addition, the use of a smart contract allows to minimize the number of intermediaries in the conclusion of public contracts.

Kirill Torzhevsky

Торжевский КРИПТОВАЛЮТА КАК ИНСТИТУТ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИВ статье рассматривается роль криптовалюты (и в частности биткоина -BTC) в процессе перехода к информационному обществу и цифровой экономике через призму трансформации социально-экономических институтов.Анализируется влияние BTC на основные институты общественного развития: института денежного обращения, посреднический, трансмиссионный, накопительный и др

Оleg N. Zagurskiy, Lyudmila L. Titova

Global supply chains more and more rely on modern information technologies which contribute to expenses decrease, improvement of processes quality and clarity in-crease. Transaction history tracking possibility between sender and recipient throughout the whole supply chain is key factor, especially if there is confidence problem between chain members. This article enlightens basic principles of blockchain practical use and distributed registry construction in addendums of blockchain. Main attention is payed to analysis of integration increase in supply chains that are created between business partners based on digital data and web-transferred funds. There are blockchain technology application methods defined that are used to increase supply chain resistance in the face of risks and indetermination. The methods provide a close connection between financial, logistics and commercial participants of trade and economic transactions with payments unification possibility and supplies via post operators. Analysis performed shows that blockchain technology concentrates around material and financial actives commerce; potentially the most interesting for both transactions and management processes inside organizations and between them. Processes, strategies, technologies and practical blockchain application in supply chains evidence about its vast potential and wide possibilities for development and efficiency increase of organizations that are parts of chains. Blockchain technology application can enlarge competition advantages of company and decrease risk by increasing of reliable information about chain members, particularly when two entities perform such an operation for the first time.

Pavlo Mykolaiovych Rubanov

У статті проведено аналіз основних характеристик біткоїна як першої криптовалюти, досліджено особливості подальшого розвитку ринку криптовалют та застосування технології блокчейн. Розглянуто динаміку капіталізації основних криптовалют та визначено лідери даного ринку за рівнем капіталізації

Alexander Ivanov, Yevhenii Babichenko, Hlib Kanunnikov, Paul Karpus · 8 authors

Blockchain as a technology is rapidly developing, finding more and more new entry points into everyday life. This is one of the elements of the technical Revolution 4.0, and it is used in the field of supply, maintenance of various types of registers, access to software products, combating DDOS attacks, distributed storage, fundraising for projects, IoT, etc.Nowadays, there are many blockchain­platforms in the world. They have one technological root but different applications. There are many prerequisites to the fact that in the future the number of new decentralized applications will increase. Therefore, it is important to develop a methodology for determining the optimal blockchain­based platform to solve a specific problem. As an example, consider the world­famous platforms Ethereum, Nem, and Stellar. Each of them allows to develop decentralized applications, issue tokens, and execute transactions. At the same time, the key features of these blockchain­based platforms are not similar to one another. These very features will be considered in the article.Purpose. Identify the key parameters that characterize the blockchain­based platforms. This will provide an opportunity to present a complex blockchain technology in the form of a simple and understandable architecture. Based on these parameters and using the expertise of the article’s authors, we will be able to develop a methodology to be used to solve the problems of choosing the optimal blockchain­based platform for solving the problem of developing smart contracts and issuing tokens.Methods. Analysis of the complexity of using blockchain­based platforms. Implementation of token issuance, use of test and public networks, execution of transactions, analysis of the development team and the community, analysis of the user interface and the developer interface.Discussion. By developing a platform comparison methodology to determine optimal characteristics, we can take the development process to a new level. This will allow to quickly and effectively solve the tasks.Results. Creation of a methodology for comparison blockchain­based platforms.

Hamdi Furkan Günay, Veli Kargı

Cryptocurrency is constantly increasing in popularity at global level. While it provides advantages such as limited government oversight and low transaction cost for the users, it can cause concern for the state and tax administrations. On the basis of this concern is the fact that cryptocurrency can not easily be placed in the legal categories of the country's legislation. From this point on this study; aims to evaluate the idea of taxation of cryptocurrency from the perspective of Turkish Tax System in the light of different country practices. Findings of work; the economic dimension of the crypto money is that it has a significant tax revenue potential. The results of the study show that cryptocurrency carries a significant tax revenue potential due to the economic size it has.

Davydov Denys S., Riabovol Dmytro A.

The aim of the article is to research the prospects and opportunities for using blockchain technology in entrepreneurship, as well as international payments and banking operations. On the basis of current and up-to-date data and opinions of authoritative English-language publications on business, the problems concerning the relevance of technology of a distributed ledger have been comprehensively examined, and the results of many startups – young companies working on blockchain-solutions in various spheres, have been evaluated. As a result of the research, the main directions of work of startups in the field of application of blockchain technology were identified: smart contracts; cloud data storage; production processes; sphere of remuneration of employees; electronic voting with protection against breaking; "sharing economy". Prospects for further research in this direction are specific justification of the applicability of distributed ledger technology and the concept of decentralization in developing sectors (the "sharing economy", "Internet of Things"), as well as a deeper analysis of the impact of new solutions in relation to the traditional sectors of the economy, including Ukraine.

В П Кузнецова, И.А. Бондаренко

No abstract is available for this record.

T. E. Kaminskaya, L. D. Kurbanova

The article discusses the retrospective of cryptocurrencies, theoretical understanding of the digital currency, its value and essence. The tendencies and prospects of cryptocurrencies development. The article focuses on the lack of a legal framework regulating relations in the field of "mining" and circulation of cryptocurrencies. Keywords: cryptocurrency; digital currencies; bitcoin; electronic money; mining; cryptographic methods of information protection.

Glotov V.I., Mihailov D.M.

The technology of BlockChain and cryptocurrency is an actual topic for humanity today. There are different policies regulating cryptocurrencies, but they are still far from perfect. The difficulty of technical regulation of these systems is beyond doubt, many countries are only at the stage of discussing the status of the currencies, some are extremely supportive of them. However, it is undeniable that more and more countries will introduce regulations in the field of cryptocurrencies, focusing, firstly, on the structure of their own economy. Keywords: BlockChain, cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, mining.

Fetisova T.V.

The paper gives the author's understanding of the real matter of a bitcoin actual paradigm, economic and legal issues related to bitcoin functioning are investigated, perspectives of bitcoin evolution in Russia are observed on the basis of the systematic approach. In conclusion recommendations for the payment system in Russia are given. Keywords: Russia, bitcoin, economic and legal issues, bitcoin industry stakeholders, stability of payment system.