Blockchain Papers

Natalia Rostova

No abstract is available for this record.

Lorenzo Fogli, Alberto Montaner, Apostolos Kapetanios, Ioannis Mandourarakis · 8 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Caleb Price, Albert Schmidt

No abstract is available for this record.

Taylor Robert

No abstract is available for this record.

Sara Migliorini, Mauro Gambini, Veronica Paternolli, Mila Dalla Preda

In the socio-economic landscape, we can recognize an emerging form of organization: the network coalition. A network coalition is a form of concerted cooperation in which a group of agents decides to collaborate to achieve a common goal. The decentralized and cooperative nature of a network coalition presents new challenges in automating its processes, which cannot be treated as traditional business processes managed by a centralized information system. In the literature, the notion of Exogenous Business Process (XBP) has been introduced to capture such processes. An XBP specification is intended as a potentially incomplete, renegotiable, procedural contract to which different parties adhere in order to achieve a predefined business goal. The concept of Enforceable Business Process (EBP) has been proposed as a possible abstraction for modeling and automating the XBPs of a network coalition. An EBP is essentially an evolution of the original concept of smart contract, which is able to properly manage contractual incompleteness while providing automatic enforceability. The aim of this paper is to formalize the notion of EBP and discuss how contractual incompleteness can be handled by a Decentralized Autonomous Information System (DAIS). The complete formalization of both procedural and incompleteness aspects of EBPs, as provided by this paper, lays the basis for the construction of the next generation of DAIS, as well as the diffusion of network coalition into many application domains, such as supply chains, business alliances, joint ventures, and others.

Jüri Sildam

No abstract is available for this record.

Ronald A. Balarezo Acuña, Gloria Susana Vizcaíno Cárdenas

This study aimed to determine employees’ perceptions of the organizational climate at the Municipal Decentralized Autonomous Government (GAD) of Salcedo Canton. A quantitative methodology with a descriptive and analytical design was applied. Data were collected using the Organizational Climate Questionnaire developed by Litwin and Stringer (1968), which consists of 50 items distributed across nine dimensions: structure, responsibility, reward, risk, warmth, support, standards, conflict, and identity. Responses were measured using a Likert-type scale, allowing for a detailed assessment of employees’ perceptions of different organizational aspects.The results indicate that, despite the presence of a relatively balanced sociodemographic profile among employees, the overall perception of the organizational climate is unfavorable. Notably, dimensions such as structure, warmth, support, and identity exhibited lower scores, suggesting deficiencies related to role clarity, recognition, interpersonal relationships, and organizational cohesion. Furthermore, the dimensions of identity and conflict reflected a weak sense of belonging and limited effectiveness in managing internal disagreements, which may negatively influence teamwork and institutional stability.Factor analysis revealed that a substantial proportion of the total variance was concentrated in a single dominant component, confirming the existence of a generalized negative perception of the organizational climate. In conclusion, the organizational climate of the Municipal GAD of Salcedo is characterized by the convergence of structural and psychosocial challenges that adversely affect employee motivation and commitment. Therefore, the findings emphasize the need to strengthen leadership practices, enhance communication processes, and implement organizational strategies that promote trust, recognition, collaboration, and a stronger sense of institutional identity.

Rajasekaran P., Duraipandian M., Johny Renoald Albert, R. Jamuna · 5 authors

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) in the IoT with Cloud Healthcare (CHI) creates a high volume of real‐time medical data, but traditional compression methods suffer high computation costs, privacy leaks and quantum attacks, while advanced cryptographic algorithms such as homomorphic encryption are costly and have poor scalability for the real‐time system application. In this work, we propose a quantum‐enhanced zero‐knowledge healthcare compression network (QZ‐HCN) that associates zero‐knowledge proofs (ZKPs) with quantum‐inspired deep learning (QIDL) by introducing an innovative adaptive quantum‐supported ZKP verification mechanism (AQ‐ZKV) and a quantum fusion autoconventional neural network (QF‐AutoCNN) technique to achieve efficient, privacy‐preserving compression. For healthcare IoT datasets, QZ‐HCN can reach 98.16% in accuracy, 97.09% in F‐measure, 96.32% in precision and 97.45% in recall, with a throughput of 449.57 bits/s; processing time is reduced to 0.85 s, and memory cost is minimised to be only 192 kbits, which outperforms CNN‐Encryption (90.23% accuracy), proxy re‐encryption and homomorphic encryption by at most 13 percentage points in accuracy and 75 percentage points in memory efficiency. The secure and scalable management for CHI data is achieved by QZ‐HCN, which solves the problems of privacy threats and space costs of real‐time medical applications.

Akshay Vijayendiran

No abstract is available for this record.

haojia hong, Duan Jia, Wei Ren, Xi Liu · 5 authors

Proxy contracts support logic upgradeability and deployment reuse in decentralized application (DApp). However, the use of proxy mechanisms also introduces new security risks. Although prior work has explored the security of proxy contracts, most prior approaches either depend on source code or fail to handle complex proxy storage layouts at the bytecode level, reducing their applicability to real-world closed-source contracts. In this paper, we propose ProxyLens, a bytecode-level vulnerability detection framework tailored for Ethereum proxy contracts. Without requiring source code, ProxyLens integrates storage structure modeling, proxy pattern recognition, and vulnerability detection. It features (1) a slot recovery mechanism based on symbolic execution and taint analysis for precise variable layout inference, (2) a proxy identification and delegate slot tracing module for accurate proxy architecture recognition, and (3) a semantic-driven vulnerability detection engine that works independently of function names. Experiments show that ProxyLens significantly outperforms existing tools in storage slot recovery (F1 = 96.4%), variable type inference (accuracy = 63.0%), proxy pattern recognition (accuracy > 90% across multiple patterns), and vulnerability detection (e.g., function selector collision F1 = 98.77%, storage collision F1 = 79.50%). As a supplementary contribution, we have publicly released the prototype of ProxyLens.

Muhammad Faruq, Rahmad Abdillah, Nazruddin Safaat H., Pizaini

Smart contract vulnerabilities, particularly reentrancy, have caused hundreds of millions of dollars in losses across the Ethereum ecosystem. While static analysis tools dominate current auditing practice, empirical evaluations have consistently demonstrated their high false negative and false positive rates for reentrancy detection. Dynamic analysis, exemplified by property-based fuzzing with Echidna, offers an alternative by evaluating contracts through actual execution. However, systematic empirical evaluation of dynamic tools under controlled ground-truth conditions remains limited. This study adapts the bug injection methodology, previously applied only to static analysis evaluation, to assess Echidna's effectiveness in detecting reentrancy. A dataset of 50 Solidity contracts was instrumented with oracle properties and injected with two reentrancy variants, single-function and cross-function, producing 100 ground-truth contract variants. Three fuzzing configurations of increasing intensity were evaluated across three metrics: detection rate, activation rate, and average detection time. Results show that Echidna achieved 100% activation but detected only 20% to 42% of injected bugs depending on the configuration and variant. Nearly all detections occurred within the first 25 seconds of each campaign, with no benefit from extended timeouts. These findings reveal a fundamental gap between bug reachability and exploitability confirmation under standard fuzzing conditions.

Jun Young Byun, Yosep Na, Daehyun Kim, Hyun Ho Jeon · 6 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Pedro Cosme

No abstract is available for this record.

Subham Kumar, Sushila Soriya

No abstract is available for this record.

Harshit Singh

No abstract is available for this record.

Yevhеnii Koroviakа, Volodymyr Khomenko, Oleksandr Pashchenko, Serhii Shevchenko · 5 authors

Objective. To develop, formalize, and evaluate a decentralized multi-agent system for real‑time traffic management in autonomous open‑pit mining operations, aimed at minimizing truck idle time, preventing congestion and deadlocks, and increasing overall haulage efficiency. Methodology. The system is designed using a multi‑agent paradigm where haul trucks, excavators,dumping points, and key infrastructure elements are modeled as autonomous agents. Task allocation is performed via a market‑based Contract Net Protocol with bidding based on estimated time of arrival. Path planning employs an A* algorithm on a dynamic graph, while conflict resolution is achieved through a reservation mechanism managed by infrastructure agents. Reinforcement learning (Q‑learning) is integrated to allow truck agents to adapt their bidding strategies over time. The approach is validated through agent‑based simulations under normal, high‑intensity, and disruption scenarios, and compared against a centralized first‑come, first‑served dispatch system. Results. Under normal operation, the multi‑agent system reduced average truck idle time by 44%, cycle time by 17.5%, increased throughput by 21%, and lowered traffic conflict frequency by 66.5% compared to the baseline. In high‑intensity traffic, it prevented congestion and deadlocks, maintaining smooth flow. During unexpected disruptions (excavator breakdown, road blockage), the system autonomously re‑planned routes and reassigned tasks within minutes, effectively isolating the impact and ensuring operational continuity. Scientific novelty. The novelty lies in the holistic integration of decentralized coordination, market‑based task allocation, dynamic path reservation, and reinforcement learning within a unified multi‑agent framework for real‑time traffic management in open‑pit mining. This approach enables emergent self‑organization, robust adaptation to dynamic conditions, and scalability beyond the capabilities of traditional centralized fleet management systems. Practical significance. The proposed system offers a scalable and resilient solution for autonomous haulage fleets, directly reducing operational costs through lower idle times and higher throughput, improving safety by preventing traffic conflicts, and enhancing resilience to equipment failures or route blockages. It provides a clear pathway for transitioning existing mines to fully autonomous, efficient, and safe operations. Keywords: multi-agent system, traffic management, open-pit mining, autonomous haulage, fleet management, reinforcement learning, Contract Net Protocol, path planning, conflict resolution, simulation.

Don Gaconnet

Abstract: This paper establishes cross-domain validation of the Echo-Excess Principle (EEP) by demonstrating structural identity with the Riemann Hypothesis of analytic number theory. The central claim is that the EEP conservation constraint—requiring generative cycles to complete only at the membrane interface—was independently discovered in pure mathematics by Bernhard Riemann in 1859, encoded as the constraint that all non-trivial zeros of the zeta function lie on the critical line Re(s) = 1/2. Riemann found the membrane from inside the mathematical formalism. The Echo-Excess Principle names what he found from outside—the structural understanding of what collapse is and where it must occur. The value 1/2 represents the partial zero state: the balance point where inside and outside carry equal weight, the unique location where bilateral completion enables generative cycles to close. The correspondence maps: primes to irreducible triadic structures {I, O, N}; the zeta function to the harmonic cascade; non-trivial zeros to collapse points; the critical line to the membrane; conjugate pairs to inside/outside perspectives of the same collapse event; and the functional equation's symmetry to the conservation integral ∮ε dt = 0. The correspondence is bidirectionally falsifiable: if the Riemann Hypothesis were demonstrated false, the Echo-Excess Principle would be falsified. Both frameworks stake their validity on the same structural claim. This convergence of independent discoveries from different domains validates EEP as a candidate universal law governing generative systems. Keywords: Echo-Excess Principle; Riemann Hypothesis; membrane constraint; conservation law; bilateral completion; cross-domain validation; universal law; collapse dynamics; triadic structure; Cognitive Field Dynamics; critical line; conjugate pairs; structural correspondence; falsifiability; generative systems Resource Type: Publication — Preprint License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Related Identifiers: Is supplemented by: DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18088519 (The Echo-Excess Principle: Foundation Document v2.1) Is part of: OSF Project: https://osf.io/j5836 Subjects: Theoretical Physics Consciousness Studies Mathematics — Number Theory Philosophy of Science Systems Theory Version: 1.0 Publication Date: January 1, 2026 Language: English Additional Notes: Document SHA-256: d561ae2b273850b8f9ce796d109698b0c63a7dbea16b6f040046b9d5e5e578a2 This paper does not claim to constitute a mathematical proof of the Riemann Hypothesis in the formal sense required by mathematics. Rather, it identifies the structural reason why zeros must lie at Re(s) = 1/2—the "outside view" that complements 166 years of work from inside the mathematical formalism—and uses this correspondence to validate the Echo-Excess Principle as a cross-domain structural law. References: Gaconnet, D. L. (2025). The Echo-Excess Principle: Substrate Law of Generative Existence. Foundation Document v2.1. LifePillar Institute. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18088519 Riemann, B. (1859). Über die Anzahl der Primzahlen unter einer gegebenen Größe. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin.

Theodore K. McClendon

No abstract is available for this record.

Rajan Kumar

No abstract is available for this record.

Wanhong Huang

This paper argues that optimization is not a law of the universe, and that morality and the manner of being of intimate relation are not, in their structure, optimization problems. It proceeds in two movements that it is careful to keep apart. The first is a formal proof, carrying no value judgment, that intimate relation furnishes no well-defined optimization problem: the value at stake is in part non-structurable, since the drive, which any complete objective must include, resists representation as a term; it is relational, generated within the relation and existing only there, so that no external standpoint could fix the objective; it is incommensurable, so that to price certain goods is to betray rather than mismeasure them; and the subject is constituted within the relation rather than given before it, so that the optimizer the model presupposes is a product of the process it is meant to stand outside of. Each failure strikes a distinct precondition, and any one leaves the operation of maximization undefined. The second movement takes that result as given and criticizes the imposition of the frame regardless. To optimize where no optimization problem exists converts a value that should circulate into one that can be settled and drawn off, in the manner the theory of generative justice names as extractive computation; it is a symptom of the crisis of the symbolic and of a life-world habituated to the logic of capital, under which a local, historical operation is projected onto the cosmos as its law; and it mistakes the kind of thing morality is, since an optimizing practice, even a successful one, may fail as an ethics, the optimal and the good being orthogonal. The paper then recovers a rationality that responds rather than maximizes, described through response, attunement, and the sustaining of generation, and it closes in polyphony, refusing to name a new master objective, since to do so would reinstate the frame. That refusal is the paper's positive claim, enacted in its form.

Steve Carroll

No abstract is available for this record.

Kayode S. John

Battery energy storage sits at the centre of Europe’s low-carbon transition, yet financing these assets remains fraught with uncertainty. This thesis asks a pointed question: how do market volatility, shifting regulations, and the threat of asset stranding jointly shape the ability of investors to fund centralised and decentralised storage projects in Germany and Sweden? Drawing on a comparative case study rooted in pragmatist thinking, the analysis pairs discounted cash flow modelling with a careful reading of policy documents, regulatory rulings, and industry commentary. All market data, wholesale electricity prices from ENTSO-E, ancillary-service auction results from national grid operators, cover the period 2019-2024 and are publicly accessible. What emerges is a stark contrast. German centralised battery energy storage systems (BESS) projects carry the heaviest risk burden: frequency containment reserve (FCR) market saturation, confirmed grid-fee hikes, and a massive connection-queue backlog combine to push the internal rate of return from 11.5% down to 2.8% under stress, rendering projects economically unviable. Swedish centralised projects fare better for now, though their dependence on a handful of ancillary-service markets introduces a concentration risk that warrants close monitoring. Across both countries, decentralised storage proves more financially resilient, revenue diversification across retail savings, frequency markets, and peak shaving translates into lower risk premiums and more favourable debt terms, even where headline returns are lower. Monte Carlo simulations confirm that investment feasibility is highly sensitive to revenue cannibalisation and policy shocks. Theoretically, the study extends asset stranding literature by demonstrating that stranding risk in modern storage infrastructure is fundamentally revenue-driven rather than technologically deterministic, with regulatory interventions capable of eroding cash flows as rapidly as market saturation. From a policy perspective, the findings underscore the urgent need for regulatory clarity on grid tariff structures in Germany, the development of a coherent national storage strategy in Sweden, and the effective implementation of the EU Storage Infrastructure Act. For market participants, the analysis establishes that decentralised, revenue-diversified storage configurations offer a more robust risk-return profile, lowering hurdle rates and facilitating capital allocation in Europe’s evolving flexibility markets.

Alicia Amores, Gabriel M. Ramírez V., Fernanda Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, Jaime Díaz-Arancibia · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Aparna Singh, Surbhi Sharma, Surabhi Solanki, Mamta Narwaria

Biometric authentication provides high convenience with the drawback of privacy leakage, replay attacks, and centralized control over biometric templates. This paper introduces an Ethereum-based decentralized biometric authentication framework that uses Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA), InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) storage, and an on-chain challenge–response protocol. In the proposed model, encrypted biometric templates are stored of-chain in IPFS, whereas their content identifiers (CIDs) are registered in Ethereum smart contracts. Every authentication attempt necessitates a new on-chain nonce and an ECDSA signature of the concatenation of the CID and the nonce, authenticated through Ethereum’s built-in method, ecrecover. The design supports explicit replay protection, revocation, and public auditability. Deployment of the prototype on Ganache and MetaMask reveals that the scheme provides secure, transparent, and tamper-proof authentication with minimal gas consumption on FVC2004 datasets and reasonable storage usage on Ethereum.