The purpose of this research is to identify how effective the determinants of the price changes in cryptocurrencies are and if they are predictable. The study addresses several independent variables that are in our consideration which may impact the prices the most. To obtain the results, panel data has been used to run fixed effects models. Then I treated them as time series data to run dynamic, distributed lags, and first-differencing regression models. Important political shocks and instabilities have been analyzed and interpreted in this paper. In the light of our findings we were able to comment on the complex relation between cryptocurrency prices and socio-political situations throughout the time range. The results address that cryptocurrency price changes are not predictable. It is hard to say what does affect the most prices. Internet search trends seem to have an impact but at the end it has been found that the correlation is not strong. From an economist's viewpoint, investing in cryptocurrencies without analyzing price changes and news might be disastrous and we can call it basically gambling. Cryptocurrencies shouldn't be seen as a gambling medium and should be taken more seriously like an investment medium. In some specific occasions investing in cryptocurrencies may lead lucrative income.
Представлено аналіз технології блокчейн та виконано дослідження криптографічної стійкості її найбільш популярних реалізацій. Визначено вразливі місця реалізацій технології та запропоновано практичні рекомендації щодо усунення визначених недоліків.
The development of information technology in the modern economy is one of the drivers of economic growth. Digital technologies are developing at an accelerating pace. Digitalization stimulates not only economic, but also social and technological progress. The impact of digital technology in different industries is not the same. The authors of the article consider such promising modern technology as Blockchain. Its advantage is that the information is protected from unauthorized modification. This transforms the system of economic relations. The level of trust increases. Opportunistic behaviour of participants in contractual relations is blocked. As a result, economic efficiency improves. These positive effects are analyzed in the case of the pharmaceutical industry. The introduction of Blockchain technologies into pharmaceuticals allows you to track all stages of production of drugs and guarantee their quality. Blockchain technology allows you to confirm the authenticity of recipes and the drugs with the help of special digital devices. The consequence of this is a reduction in the number of counterfeit drugs on the market, as well as improving the quality of medical care for the population.
Jan 1, 2018·Proceedings of the ... Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences/Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
Gianluca Salviotti, Leonardo Maria De Rossi, Nico Abbatemarco
Blockchain is emerging as a game changing technology in many industries. Although it is increasingly capturing the business community’s attention, a comprehensive overview of commercially available applications is lacking to date. This paper aims to fill this gap. Firstly, we propose a structured approach to assess the application landscape of blockchain technologies. To build our framework, we relied on largely accepted classifications of blockchains, based on protocols, consensus mechanisms and ownership, as well as on the most cited application areas emerging from the literature. Secondly, we applied the framework on a database of 460 released blockchains. The analysis confirms a dominance of applications for cryptocurrencies, financial transactions and certification purposes, with a prevalence of permissionless platforms. We also found new application fields that go far beyond the seven initial areas addressed by the current body of knowledge, leading to some interesting takeaways for both practitioners and IS researchers.
The vehicle to everything (V2X) requires the real-time integration of all kinds of information on roads, pedestrians, the environment, and vehicles themselves. This information also needs to be shared with other vehicles. The effective integration of information and the strong privacy protection are the key restrictions on the development of the V2X. The previous privacy protection model has mainly focused on the centralized network, and there were problems with the centralized gateway and single-point decision, which were not suitable for the decentralized scenario. Therefore, this paper proposes a remote attestation security model based on a privacy-preserving blockchain. The overall model involves two core steps. First, the vehicle provides the network with an evidence of a credible identity and integrity. Secured, the vehicles in the network calculate the nodes to make their respective decisions, and the accounting nodes summarize the sub-conclusions, form the final results, and write them into data blocks. The analysis shows that it possesses the security features of decentralization, traceability, anonymity, irreplaceability, and high efficiency. The model framework, core block chain structure, and protocol process are described in detail. The experimental results based on a realistic infrastructure are presented. These experimental results demonstrate that our scheme can effectively enhance the security of the communications of intelligent vehicles in the V2X.
There are changes that occur in our education which impact on regional competitive build towards a global competitive, both in the formal institutions of national and Islamic institutions. So this raises complex issues that wraps acceleration of development in promoting an Islamic educational institutions in rural areas. These problems include institutional, leadership, finance, personnel, curriculum and educational model. Each of these components can inhibit the saving potential and within certain limits can threaten the existence, sustainability, competitiveness, and progress of Islamic educational institutions. The question of research: how is each of these institutions are trying to attract views of rural communities by providing an alternative strategy such as the advantages and characteristics of the institution in the decentralization and globalization?. This research resulted in four alternative bid that is modeling the Islamic educational institutions business model in the financing strategy, improve excellence at regular intervals sustainable in the interests of rural communities, implement the task of public relations in spreading the advancement of excellence of the school, and no achievement or excellence will find both nationally and internationally. Thus meaning that the top schools are part of a plan to be achieved can run well and there are no gaps in it and is able to work by well.
The accounting profession has long occupied a role and fiduciary responsibility aligned with fraud prevention and safeguarding consumer data and finances. As cryptocurrencies become more prominent and widespread, including utilization by both individual consumers and organizations, the risk of unethical actors entering the market continues to rise. This research approaches the situation from two angles. First, a review of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology, including an overview of the initial coin offering (ICO) process is conducted, including regulatory updates in the space. Second, and important for both academic and practitioner end users of this research, a checklist, guide, and items to consider to assist in preventing fraud connected to cryptocurrencies will be provided.
The aim of the article is to study the theoretical and legal possibilities of using cryptocurrency in purchase and sale contracts, to determine the specificities of such a phenomenon as cryptocurrency (Bitcoin) from the perspective of jurisprudence, and to draw attention of legal scholars primarily to possible further scientific researches on the introduction of this phenomenon in the modern civilian legislation of Ukraine. The subject of the study is the specificities of using cryptocurrency in contracts of purchase and sale. Methodology. The research is based on an analysis of legal acts on the legal regulation of cryptocurrency in Ukraine. By means of the comparative legal method of investigation of certain provisions of Ukrainian legislation, the possibilities and limits of the use of cryptocurrency in contractual relations, in particular, contracts of purchase and sale are determined. The results of the study revealed that the cryptocurrency regime in Ukraine and in many countries is in a legal vacuum. Such a conclusion is based on the lack of clear legal clarification and consolidation of the concept and types of cryptocurrency in the relevant rules of the tax, banking, civil, and commercial law. In case of eliminating this gap, it is advisable to review the state policy on Bitcoin and its analogues. Practical implications. It is necessary and appropriate to introduce a corresponding license for cryptocurrency activities that can minimize the laundering of proceeds from crime or terrorism financing. It is suggested that eventually the relations concerning the digital currency will be regulated in Ukraine, but most likely, it will copy the experience of another state, which may have negative consequences. Relevance/originality. Analysis of a possible use of cryptocurrency in contracts of purchase and sale can become the basis for the development of the most promising directions of domestic civil law in contractual relations.
Many cryptocurrencies rely on Blockchain for its operation. Blockchain serves as a public ledger where all the completed transactions can be looked up. To place transactions in the Blockchain, a mining operation must be performed. However, due to a limited mining capacity, the transaction confirmation time is increasing. To mitigate this problem many ideas have been proposed, but they all come with own challenges. We propose a novel parallel mining method that can adjust the mining capacity dynamically depending on the congestion level. It does not require an increase in the block size or a reduction of the block confirmation time. The proposed scheme can increase the number of parallel blockchains when the mining congestion is experienced, which is especially effective under DDoS attack situation. We describe how and when the Blockchain is split or merged, how to solve the imbalanced mining problem, and how to adjust the difficulty levels and rewards. We then show the simulation results comparing the performance of binary blockchain and the traditional single blockchain.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Compared to gold, cash and commercial bank money, bitcoin is presented as a medium of exchange, functionally similar to electronic money. Bitcoin is known as decentralized, convertible, deflationary and unstable cryptocurrency, deprived of state control and protection. Equally important is the open and global Bitcoin computer network for online transactions, operating without the need for until recently unavoidable intermediaries and different from traditional payment systems. The field of application of virtual currencies is determined by their unusual characteristics, but also by diverse comparative legal regime. Initially as a material for criminal courts and tax authorities, virtual currencies and crypto-subjects are now defined at the EU directives level. Contractual relationships and financial obligations take new forms in crypto-environment, so the question arises: to which extent a positive law is able to absorb until recently improbable concepts. The privacy and freedom that cryptocurrencies bring has its own backwardness, and the legal order is over focused on that side of a coin. On the other hand, the risks in private law transactions involving bitcoins remain unresolved, although legal subjects need this kind of legal protection badly.
Bitcoin is a type of cryptocurrency that implemented decentralized digital currency method. The transaction is monitored and validated by peer-to peer system using hash programming. These transactions are verified by network nodes through the use of cryptography and recorded in a public distributed ledger called a blockchain. The objective of this study is to forecast the Bitcoin exchange rate using weighted moving average method. Data selected in this study are selected hourly from 14 th December 2017 until 18 th December 2017. The forecasting method is using weighted moving average. Then, the validity of the forecasting model is validated using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) calculation. Results indicated mean absolute percentage error is 0.72%. Therefore, the moving average method is considered as reliable forecasting method for Bitcoin exchange rate. The finding of this study will help investors to make best decision regarding suitable portfolio for their investment.
By using block chain technology, bitcoin has realized a real de centralization and point to point digital currency system, which effectively solved the problems of "double payment" and "curbing inflation". Bitcoin has the value and function of money, therefore, in practical application, we need to consider one problem --"malicious attack", whose success probability affects the basic security performance of the system. This paper is based on the mathematical derivation and analysis of the model and formula given by the "Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system" in the original paper of Satoshi Takemoto's paper. And verify the theoretical guarantee that the success of attack needs the following conditions: Mastering the calculation power of "50%".
Blockchain is still a big unknown, even for some professionals. Blockchain and the Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) have been made infamous by Bitcoin, a digital payment and peer-to-peer monetary transaction system that bypasses banks and third party endorsements. But DLT and the Blockchain protocol can be used for other purposes.