Blockchain Papers

Natasha Blycha, Ariane Garside

No abstract is available for this record.

Daniel Tischer

Abstract This essay explores the organisational character of Facebook's Libra currency by undertaking a critical reading of documents published by the Libra Association. Drawing on the conceptual work of Marilyn Strathern and Michel Serres, it illustrates how ownership cuts the network and encourages parasitism as a means of driving future profit. Central to this is the claim that Libra is not an exercise in democratising money, but rather, the opposite: Libra is run as a club, for the benefit of club members. The conceptual theme of ‘cutting’ is used to organise the argument. Rather than a cutting-edge technology, Libra's true innovation is organisational and consists in overturning the decentralised character of blockchain, such that distributed ledger technology is re-centralised by big tech firms. Outsiders are thus cut-off from Libra; only those inside the club have the right to participate in Libra and its governance. This position also affords members an exclusive capacity to take a cut of the profits generated through Libra. As a private organisation, members have sole rights to future profits generated from the Libra ecosystem and are in this way incentivised to create new product opportunities over time.

Georgiana-Loredana Schipor

The present paper analyzes the potential of crowdfunding as an alternative source for financing the economy, but also the limitations of the process and the current gaps. Structured as a practical guide in the field, the study offers examples of crowdfunding platforms, systemizing the theoretical background of the concept in accordance with the Romanian context. Community financing is still poor understood by the Romanian public, the analysis focusing on a consistent literature review that reach the mechanism and the main typology of the crowdfunding platforms, defining the concept and exploring its novelty. Legal regulations and technological development are also considered in the frame of the Industry 4.0, revealing the advantages of using the Fintech tools for both investors and entrepreneurs. Due to the distributed risks, the crowdfunding platforms make easier the investment effort, while still protecting the rights of the capital-seeking. The next step of this evolutionary process is the integration of the blockchain technology in the crowdfunding system, adding substantial features as: anonymity, decentralization and transparency.

Line Slyngstad, Somayeh Abbasi, Lasse Elvemo

Smart contracts are one of the business and organizational areas where blockchain technology is thought to have a major potential impact.Smart contracts can be a secure method to technologically ensure that a certain action is followed by other agreed-upon transactions.Payment transactions for contract bindings might be the first go-to thought in this regard, also considering that blockchain technology's most significant impact until now has been through cryptocurrencies.And yet, so many other aspects of organizational processes rely upon transactions between different organizational units.There might not be a flow of currencies, and the value driver might be the flow of correct, on-time information.Such is the case when patients are released from a hospital to the organizations that provide home care in the Norwegian health care system.The health care professionals in home care need the right information to be able to provide the necessary care and medication.There is an ongoing ITprogram in the Norwegian health care system called AKSON, with the goal of one patientone journal.This article sheds light on opportunities regarding the potential use of smart contracts-technology in the Akson program, for information sharing when patients are transferred from hospital to home-care.

Bikram Shrestha, Malka N. Halgamuge, Horst Treiblmaier

No abstract is available for this record.

Teddy Kusuma, Veithzal Rivai Zainal, Iwan Kurniawan Subagja, Salim Basalamah

Journal of Anthropology and Archaeology is a peer-reviewed international journal, which publishes original papers promoting theoretical, methodological and empirical developments in the discipline of socio-cultural anthropology.

Mazin Debe, Khaled Salah, Raja Jayaraman, Junaid Arshad

An enormous amount of drug supply is regularly wasted due to several reasons related to incorrect prescription, purchase of unnecessary quantities, drug intolerance, allergy, or interactions. On the other hand, these medicines may be needed by patients who cannot afford to purchase them. To address this challenge, we propose a fully decentralized solution that governs the return and redistribution of unused drugs that are fit for usage. Our approach exploits the decentralized blockchain technology, smart contracts, and decentralized storage systems such as the Interplanetary File Systems (IPFS). We develop a system that provides the ability for customers as well as pharmacies to return re-usable, resellable drugs for donation or resale at a lower price. The proposed scheme tracks the production of drugs from manufacturers to traders that subsequently sell them to customers. Unused drugs can be returned after approval by specialized entities and then redistributed. In particular, we present the decentralized system architecture and implement a prototype on a test Ethereum blockchain platform to present the suggested workflow. Further, we provide system evaluation focused on assessing system functionality, performance, execution cost, and security of smart contracts and their robustness. We have also made our smart contracts code publicly available on Github.

Blessing Okpala

No abstract is available for this record.

Adeola Okesiji, Odunayo Oyasiji, Okeoghene Elebe, Chikaome Chimara Imediegwu · 7 authors

The persistent challenge of transparency and accountability in governance structures across developing economies has stifled sustainable development, discouraged investment, and eroded public trust. As these nations continue to grapple with administrative inefficiencies, corruption, and opaque processes, emerging technologies offer potential pathways for reform. Among these, blockchain technology stands out as a decentralized, immutable, and transparent digital ledger system capable of redefining how governance is conceptualized and implemented. This paper explores the viability of blockchain-enabled e-governance models in enhancing transparency within public institutions in developing contexts. Drawing from a conceptual and exploratory framework, the study identifies key areas where blockchain applications can foster openness, such as land registry, procurement, public finance, electoral systems, and identity verification. While prior literature acknowledges the promise of digital governance, this paper emphasizes blockchain's unique capacity to automate trust, reduce discretion, and enable real-time verification of public processes. It critically evaluates pilot initiatives and experimental blockchain programs in select developing nations to establish patterns of adoption, resistance, and measurable impact. Furthermore, it highlights the socio-political, infrastructural, and regulatory hurdles that may inhibit or distort successful implementation, especially in environments with weak digital literacy and limited institutional accountability. The study proposes a model for blockchain-enabled e-governance tailored to the socio-economic realities of developing economies. The model integrates blockchain with existing administrative systems while fostering institutional reforms, capacity building, and inclusive stakeholder engagement. It underscores the importance of designing systems that balance transparency with data privacy, decentralization with national oversight, and technology with policy intent. By aligning technical architecture with public governance objectives, the paper argues that blockchain can do more than digitize bureaucracy—it can reengineer governance processes to be citizen-centric, tamper-proof, and resilient against corruption. This abstract sets the stage for a deeper examination into how blockchain can catalyze a governance paradigm shift in the Global South, ultimately offering a roadmap for institutions seeking legitimacy and efficiency in an age of digital transformation.

Руслан Долженко

No abstract is available for this record.

Mooney, W Charles

Publicly traded securities generally are held by investors in securities accounts with intermediaries such as stockbrokers and central securities depositories — intermediated securities. For many investors this is the only practical means of holding and dealing with securities. These intermediated holding systems (IHSs) impose a variety of risks and costs. Investors are exposed to intermediary risk (default or insolvency of an intermediary holding securities) as well as impediments to the exercise of rights such as voting and asserting claims against securities issuers. The nontransparency of IHSs imposes other social costs, such as obstacles to anti-money laundering enforcement. The emergence of FinTech and the potentially disruptive effects of distributed ledger technology (blockchain) now present realistic opportunities for reforms of securities holding infrastructures that would increase transparency and allow investors to hold securities directly on the books of their issuers. This article proposes a “New Platform System” (NPS) for the direct holding of securities that would connect issuers and investors and also connect both with trading and settlement systems (which would remain intact, at least for now). Unlike other recent transparency and direct holding proposals, the NPS would cover both equity and debt securities and would flexibly accommodate beneficial aspects of current IHSs, such as margin lending, securities lending, and rehypothecation. The article presents a broader menu of problems that the NPS could resolve. The NPS addresses the probable objections that the intermediaries who benefit from the status quo would make to any transparency or direct holding proposals. Disintermediation likely would require regulatory intervention by the SEC in the United States. By offering reforms that would minimize the disruption of current market practices, the NPS could encourage intervention and blunt opposition. It also could provide a “primordial soup” for future, more extensive reforms of trading and settlement systems.

J. A. García-García, N. Sánchez-Gómez, David Lizcano, María José Escalona · 5 authors

BlockChain Technology (BCT) has appeared with strength and promises an authentic revolution on business, management, and organizational strategies related to utilization of advanced software systems. In fact, BCT promotes a decentralized architecture to process management and the collaborative work between entities when these ones are working together in a business process. This paper aims to know what proposals exist to improve any stage of business process management using BCT because this technology could provide benefits in this management. For this purpose, this paper presents a systematic literature review in area of Collaborative Business Processes (CBP) in BCT domain to identify opportunities and gaps for further research. This paper concludes there is a rapid and growing interest of public bodies, scientific community and software industries to know opportunities that BCT offers to improve CBP management in a decentralized manner. However, although the topic is in early stages, there are very promising lines of research and relevant open issues, but there also is lack of scientific rigor in validation process into the different studies.

Erika J. Nash

No abstract is available for this record.

J. P. Saini

No abstract is available for this record.

Jaeyun Kim

No abstract is available for this record.

Mykyta V. Sokolov

No abstract is available for this record.

Kirill Shakhnov, Luana Zaccaria

No abstract is available for this record.

Faizura Haneem, Hussin Abu, Nazri Kama, Nik Zalbiha · 6 authors

Blockchain is a decentralized and distributed ledger technology that aims to ensure transparency, data security, and integrity. There are rising interest and investment by the governments and industries in Blockchain to deliver significant cost savings and increase efficiency. Identifying Blockchain initiatives that are currently implemented in the government world-wide could improve understanding as well as set benchmarks for specific countries. However, although some review studies on Blockchain initiatives have been carried out, there are very few studies that uncover Blockchain initiatives implemented by the government in Asian countries. Hence, this study reviews Blockchain initiatives in the five-top e-government development index (EGDI) countries in Asia; South Korea, Singapore, Japan, United Arab Emirates, and Cyprus. We strategized our review methods by utilizing relevant keyword searches in existing literature, books, academic journals, conferences, and industrial reports. The results of this study will help other researchers and practitioners to recognize the current stage of Blockchain initiatives in the government of Asian countries.

Lingxiao Song

Blockchain, or distributed ledger technology (DLT), is expected to enable a highly decentralized and trusted business environment. Yet the business pursuit for profit maximization calls for a more centralized structure and thereby conflicts with the decentralized ideology of blockchain. In the blockchain-driven supply chain finance (SCF) platforms, focal buyer companies can issue “cash tokens” which are blockchain-based electronic invoices/certificates with due days of payment and pay the “cash tokens” to their direct suppliers instead of using traditional open-account techniques. Direct suppliers can hold the “cash tokens” to maturity, use the “cash tokens” as collateral for loans, or pay the “cash tokens” to the upper tier suppliers in goods transactions (we call the last option “token delivery” in the following). Because the “cash tokens” are delivered tier by tier based on transactions, mid-tier suppliers can become a “bottleneck” in the blockchain-driven SCF application. In this paper, we consider the supply chain network as a complex system where firms are self-organized and adaptive to their competitive environment. Via this theoretical lens, we investigate how the mid-tier suppliers’ token delivery and supply chain transaction structures interplay over time in the blockchain-driven SCF platforms; meanwhile, how industry characteristics such as the number of firms in each tier and firm size in each tier can influence the interactions. We propose that in the short term, blockchain technology increases mid-tier suppliers’ transaction efficiency and thus motivates mid-tier suppliers’ token delivery and promotes the decentralization of supply chain transaction structure, i.e., upper-tier suppliers make new transaction links with mid-tier suppliers and focal buyers; in the long term, the more decentralized supply chain transaction structure will in turn negatively affect mid-tier suppliers’ token delivery motivation and drive the supply chains more centralized, i.e., the upper-tier suppiers start to face financing difficulties again and some of the transaction links will diminish. Besides, supply chains with a flatter organizational structure, a larger setup cost gap between mid-tier suppliers and upper-tier suppliers, and a higher operation cost of upper-tier suppliers can remain decentralized longer. We will test our theoretical propositions by a series of simulation experiments in an agent-based model.

Irina Buzu

Blockchain, smart contracts and copyright management disruption. The article examines the differences between new, blockchain and smart contract-based private ordering regime and the fundamental components of copyright law, such as exceptions and limitations, the doctrine of exhaustion, restrictions on formalities, the public domain and fair remuneration.

Nenad Tomić, Violeta Todorović

Cryptocurrencies have been in the center of interest of both scientific and professional public for over ten years. Due to the volatile exchange rate against convertible currencies, investors predominantly use cryptocurrencies as an instrument of speculative investment, while their use in the payments is at a negligible level. On June 18, 2019, the Internet giant Facebook announced the creation of a consortium of financial and technology companies aimed at establishing a global cryptocurrency with stable value called Libra. It is planned to create an open blockchain through a new programming language, which will serve development teams in the future for creation of smart contracts. The subject of research in the paper will be the potential operational performances of Libra concept. The basis for the research will be a white paper published by Facebook and knowledge about the functioning of other cryptocurrencies, notably Bitcoin. The aim of the paper is to highlight the expected economic and security implications of Libra concept.

Roshan Khadka

A blockchain is an ordered, decentralized, immutable ledger that allows a recording of transactions in a network. Over recent years, blockchain has emerged to be a technology that can be applied in various sectors. It has promised to be the technology that will allow transactions simply, effectively, safely, and cheaply. The main aim of this thesis was to study the possible impacts of blockchain in the banking industry along with its challenges and limitations. The outcome would include a good explanation of blockchain technology, how it works, future bank implementation, and its challenges.
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\n To answer the research questions, a literature review was conducted. The articles were selected from evidence-based scientific databases such as ABI Inform, Academic Search Elite, Emerald, Sage Premier, ScienceDirect, Springer Open, and Google Scholar. Six scholarly articles were selected by using inclusion and exclusion criteria and screening the relevant articles.
\n Data were systematically extracted and grouped into five main categories.
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\n The result shows that blockchain technology could enhance the efficiency of various sectors of the banking industry. It has the potential to upgrade and transform the cross-border payment, trade finance, capital markets, and financial reporting and compliance. It also makes the process of knowing your customer straightforward. So, the implementation of blockchain is projected to disrupt the banking and finance system by facilitating a new way of payment, faster trade execution, secured ledger, smart contracts, and many other innovations. However, there are some obstacles such as regulation and technological challenges to be solved for efficient implementation in the banking sector.

Riccardo de Caria

The article investigates some of the most relevant legal issues that emerge in connection with blockchain technology and smart contracts by addressing them from a public policy perspective.In particular, it focuses on some under-investigated problems connected to some possible legal hurdles to their widespread adoption in the legal practice of business at the national and international levels.The legal analysis of blockchain and smart contracts is then employed to explore the more general question of how much the law needs to change in order to accommodate new technologies, or how much it is instead preferable to believe that the existing law is already capable of accommodating innovation, however radical it may be.* Assistant Professor of Comparative Public Law, University of Turin.I would like to express my debt to the participants at the conference on Blockchain e diritto

Lorenz Trautmann, Rainer Lasch

No abstract is available for this record.