Hamad Mohamed Hassanmohamedalyassi Mohammed Abdulrahman Alkamali
<em>This research deals with the topic of virtual currencies and the possibility of investing in them from an Islamic point of view, as it is one of the most important outputs of technological development in the last decade, with a unique specification that some will accept as a method of payment.</em> <em>The research problem lies in the fact that virtual currencies are the subject of great controversy and disagreement between a category in which there are many suspicions as it is fake and has no physical existence and a category in which you see the salvation from the control of the US dollar over the world, and since these virtual currencies are still modern, there is no unified legal ruling that determines dealing with them, the provisions of financial transactions do not apply to them, and banks and financial bodies do not control their exchange rate, as well as the existence of a number of obstacles that prevent them from being used in Islamic financial transactions, in addition to the scarcity of research on this topic.</em> <em>On this basis, we tried in this research to achieve a set of goals, starting with identifying the history of virtual currencies, their origins, their generation techniques, studying how to invest in Islamic way, knowing the legal controls for Islamic investment, and finally arriving to present the Islamic model for the issue of investing in virtual currencies, relying on the deductive approach to reach the desired results using mental and logical thinking.</em>
Research aims: This study aims to conduct a comprehensive accounting and blockchain analysis with a bibliometric study.Design/Methodology/Approach: The sample consisted of 67 documents published in the 2017-2021 period using the Scopus database with keywords: accounting and blockchain. This study utilized VOSviewer software to provide graphical analysis of bibliometric data and visualization of research results.Research findings: From the visualization, three main groups (colors) of nine clusters were generated. The red area consists of topics related to blockchain technology, ledger technology, and Bitcoin. The green cluster area includes keywords related to the application and the design science research methodology. Lastly, the blue area focuses on accountants and millennial accountants. From the network analysis results, it can be stated that accountants and millennial accountants accepted the presence of blockchain technology. They could integrate blockchain into the company's business model and make their work easier. From these findings, a research methodology emerged, especially in conducting blockchain research, namely the design science research approach.Theoretical contribution/Originality: With the new and hyped topic of blockchain in the accounting sphere, the bibliometric analysis would be able to review multiple studies efficiently and offer a systematic, transparent, and replicable literature review. Also, it guides researchers to the most influential works and maps areas of research with less subjective bias. Besides, it enables analysis more objectively and reliably and improves the quality of the review.
Abstract This study explores the use of blockchain in the course design and evaluation in Chinese universities, and explores the value of teachers’ views and experiences on blockchain in the course design. Previous studies have shown that blockchain has a positive effect on the improvement of online teaching management and evaluation quality. Most of the current research focuses on the management of online teaching by using blockchain, and this qualitative case study investigates the design and evaluation of online course based on blockchain by five teachers of different specialties. Semi-structured interviews and course materials were collected from five teachers for a TPACK framework analysis. The result of the survey emphasizes that the redesign of online courses based on blockchain can improve the matching between blockchain and courses, the quality of teaching and the trust of various parties in online education. The block chain-based the online course of both theory and practice design and evaluation, which is oriented by the index method of capability evaluation, is an appropriate idea and has achieved good results. The experimental course focuses on the integration of blockchain and experimental platform. The immersive and interactive course presentation and the personalized examination based on machine learning are effective. But follow-up should pay attention to the different requirements of course design of different disciplines, using a variety of data sources for analysis, to take measures to enhance the enthusiasm of teachers to adopt new technologies.
Objective: Managing training certificates is an important issue in research that can lead to serious issues if not addressed properly. For institutions that currently do not have a dedicated management system for these training certificates, a central database is the most typical solution. However, such a system suffers from several risks, such as a single-point-of-failure. Materials and Methods: To address this issue, we developed and evaluated CertificateChain, a decentralized training certificate management system by using peer-to-peer blockchain and automated smart contracts. We developed an efficient certificate dividing-and-merging algorithm to overcome the transaction size limit on blockchain. Results: We performed experiments on the system to evaluate its performance, then created a web app and tested the system in a real-world scenario. CertificateChain scaled linearly in terms of time compared with the total number of certificates added and could be quickly queried for existing data stored on-chain. Discussion: CertificateChain was able to store and retrieve the training certificates on the blockchain network, with limitations including a comparative analysis of other systems, evaluation of different consensus protocols, examining certificates off-chain, a thorough comparison with a centralized system, and the extension to the main public Ethereum network. Conclusion: We believe that these results indicate that blockchain technology could be a viable decentralized alternative to traditional databases in this use case. Our software is publicly available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6257094.
Cryptocurrency is a blockchain-based technology that is often used as a digital currency. Digital money is different from conventional money, this type of money does not have a physical form but only a block of data bound by a hash as validation. The data is spread to every cryptocurrency user who is in the environment. So that when a user makes a transaction, data mining will be carried out. Cryptocurrencies have several advantages but also have disadvantages when used as currency, from a legal point of view there is still no law governing the circulation of currency in digital form (cryptocurrency). The government must recognize digital currency so that it can be accepted by the general public as a means of payment. For now, the government has not recognized digital money (cryptocurrency) as a currency, because Cryptocurrency is a new phenomenon by some people in Indonesia. The rapid development of technology in the 4.0 revolution era, in the next few years money in physical form will be replaced by digital money, seeing the many conveniences provided by using digital money.
The revolution in a technology certainly provides new innovations that are more creative and effective than previous technologies where the technology is called a ledger (blockchain technology). Blockchain technology is known as bitcoin or digital currency that can be used anywhere without a third party when making a transaction. The development of blockchain technology used in crypto has been applied in the field of education. The system contained in blockchain technology has a data center with distribution that will be distributed in each computer network to serve as a data base or data center that contains information in digital form. However, the popularity of blockchain technology is still many who do not know what blockchain technology can provide for education in today's digital age, for this reason this research paper aims to inform that there are several benefits that will be received in the field of education from the application of blockchain technology. The use of blockchain technology has become global so that more information is needed in providing concrete examples that have obtained the results of implementing blockchain technology so that Indonesian education can compete in the world because it does not lag behind the use of technology in education as a place for data storage and security. Literature review is the method of this research by looking for previous research that has been published with the same theme. And this research uses the slovin method, which is a calculation method. This research paper encourages further researchers to be able to provide education about blockchain technology in national and international forums...
The era of rapid disruption was accompanied by increased crime in data falsification and interception. The philosophy of Blockchain technology is related to its ontology; it can be characterized, applied, and realized by how it works in the world of education. Blockchain technology is used to verify the authenticity of academic degrees and certificates. Systems that use digital signature schemes and implementation timestamps in the development of blockchain technology use blockchain software. The impact of falsifying educational documents results in workers not being qualified for a particular position. The main interest of this service is to balance between graduates and employers by minimizing crime and falsifying educational documents. The method used in this research is a literature study from previous studies. As a result of maximizing the potential of blockchain technology, fees can also lead to checking the authenticity of certificates through trusted sources. The application and utilization of blockchain in the academy certificate fraud detection system can be a means of offering problems that exist from a global perspective and other stakeholders.
Muhamad Oka Augusta, Celline Putriana Oktaviandi Syeira, Angga Hadiapurwa
Inovasi baru dalam dalam ilmu komputer semakin banyak, salah satunya adalah Blockchain. Blockchain merupakan teknologi yang memiliki ruang lingkup luas mencakup seluruh bidang dalam kehidupan. Blockchain merupakan system penyimpanan informasi pada jaringan internet yang terdistribusi oleh masing-masing node dan memiliki data yang sama. Sistem ini merupakan teknologi yang tidak dikelola oleh pihak ketiga melainkan seluruh pengguna. Blockchain ini dapat dimanfaatkan dalam dunia Pendidikan, meliputi manajemen sertifikat dan identitas dan meningkatkan serta memfasilitasi pembelajaran seumur hidup. Penggunaan Blockchain dalam dunia Pendidikan dapat menguntungkan pelajar, keamanan dan peningkatan efesiensi untuk institusi pendidikan, bisnis, dan pelajar, serta Integrasi kepercayaan dan transparansi. Dengan adanya penilitian ini diharapkan teknologi Blockchain dapat diaplikasikan dalam dunia Pendidikan untuk meningkatkan keefektifan proses belajar dan mengajar. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengkaji berbagai studi pustaka yang tersedia yang berhubungan dengan blockchain pada dunia Pendidikan. Hasil penting dari penelitian ini adalah pengaplikasian blockchain dalam bidang pendidikan dapat meningkatkan motivasi pembelajar dan pengajar, meningkatkan keefektifan proses belajar dan mengajar, mempermudah pencari pekerja untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan dan perekrut pekerjaan dalam mencari pekerja yang cocok dengan kriteria pekerjaan.
Teknologi Blockchain adalah bidang yang menarik bagi banyak industri dan perguruan tinggi di dunia. Sebagai inovasi yang relatif baru dalam ilmu komputer, Blockchain adalah teknologi global, lintas industri, dan disruptif yang diperkirakan akan memicu pertumbuhan ekonomi global selama beberapa dekade berikutnya. Blockchain adalah sebuah sistem penyimpanan data digital yang terdiri dari banyak server (multiserver). Pada teknologi Blockchain, data yang dibuat oleh satu server dapat direplikasi dan diverifikasi oleh server yang lain. Banyak orang mengasosiasikan Blockchain dengan cryptocurrency atau mata uang kripto. Anggapan ini tidaklah salah, sebab salah satu mata uang kripto yakni Bitcoin merupakan pengguna pertama teknologi Blockchain. Namun, sebenarnya pemanfaatan Blockchain tak sebatas pada mata uang kripto. Sebab, teknologi yang berfungsi merekam data dan transaksi mini bisa digunakan untuk banyak sektor seperti pencatatan proses transaksi, dokumentasi, bahkan pemungutan suara. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis akan menyajikan usecase yang relevan dalam penggunaan teknologi Blockchain di lingkungan Pendidikan, khususnya pengolahan data di perguruan tinggi. Penelitian yang mendasari tulisan ini didasarkan pada metode penelitian kualitatif, menggunakan desk research, tinjauan literatur, wawancara dan studi kasus untuk menghasilkan bukti. Penggunaan metode kualitatif saat ini merupakan pendekatan pragmatis dalam rangka melibatkan diri dengan subjek pada saat penelitian. Sehingga subjek yang berada pada tahap embrionik dapat terus dicermati dan diekplorasi penerapannya. Saat ini, teknologi Blockchain dengan studi kasus di dunia pendidikan masih bersifat inisiatif eksplorasi dan / atau percobaan.
Blockchain is a distributed ledger that is both decentralized and distributed. There is a Node that acts to keep track of all transactions on the Blockchain across all networks. Due to the immutable or immutable nature of Blockchain technology, the risk of fraud is extremely low. In the realm of education, this is unquestionably a highly practical and safe technology for conducting digital certification, recording, and so on. It is envisaged that Blockchain technology would be able to tackle difficulties that frequently arise in the field of education. The blockchain-based educational architecture has enormous promise for minimizing the degree of cheating that is so prevalent in the educational environment. This study employed a multi-method approach, with the goal of examining Blockchain-based education design, Blockchain features used, and Blockchain-based educational services as a consequence of the study. Each of these areas is critical to the implementation's success.
The development of online education has broken the limitations of traditional education in region and time, and promoted the reform of education. However, there are some problems in traditional online education, such as data island, lack of data sharing model and so on. This paper constructs an online education data management model based on blockchain technology, which solves the problems of trust authentication of online learning data and curriculum resources; We put forward the trust generation and security sharing mechanism of online education data, analyze its security, and realize the security sharing of online education data on the basis of privacy protection.
Agung Rizky, Ninda Lutfiani, Wayan Sri Mariyati, Apriani Atika Sari · 5 authors
Decentralization is the division of centralized power processes as a whole into separate ones. Blockchain technology is a basic technology that enables decentralization and gives all users the opportunity to become part of the validator or node for future transactions. The purpose of this research is to develop and develop a tamper-resistant E-Journal Mobile Application system using Blockchain Technology, which supports reliable and auditable computing using a decentralized network, not only that, this research can also develop and develop an E-Journal Application System. Cellular that is resistant to interference from hackers or system crashes. By using Blockchain technology, it can solve problems that are reliable and can be done and controlled using a decentralized network. with great hope that choosing this type of decentralized blockchain technology will be useful in preventing errors and errors in the system. This is one of the main strengths of Blockchain Technology. With this decentralized transaction log, it will not be easy and it is impossible for a database consisting of hundreds to thousands of computers to be hacked or tampered with easily. This research is a model that can be implemented as a Blockchain technology development on Mobile Apps E-journals. In this study will be made using 3 methods, namely the data analysis method, the analysis method using SWOT and the development method using a waterfall with a combination of the three methods will make this research more effective and efficient.
Mohd Ibrahim Mallick, A. Sengupta, S. Ingawale, A. Aljapurkar
In this Industry 4.0, with the growing technology and the cyber risk is growing and technology loses its trust, and there comes the concept of Blockchain. Blockchain-based on a distributed digital ledger technology, which helps to create a smart, secure and transparent system. And in Industry 4.0 it becomes a need for any organization to adapt blockchainbased technology in Human Resource functions to ensure a transparent and secure environment. The blockchain-based technology can help to find the right candidate by identifying skills, knowledge, and experience, and as a result, it can boost the productivity of the business very effectively. Blockchain will help fill the business gap, which brings great results to HR and its employees. There is a feeling that technology has dissolve trust in current years, due to rise of cyber threats. So, now blockchain is developing a way to use technology to regain trust. HR purposes and responsibilities need to start putting the blockchain next to other arising technologies in developing their digital strategy. Exploring the potential blockchain to improve efficiency and effectiveness should be considered along with the broader implications for future work. This research paper develops the idea that Blockchain-based technology improves recruitment and selection processes compared to the existing recruitment system and helps in employer evaluation.
The phrase "Metaverse" has grabbed the imagination of younger generations. The Metaverse seamlessly merges the physical and virtual worlds, allowing avatars to engage in a variety of activities such as creation, exhibition, entertainment, social networking, and commerce. The metaverse will be enabled, populated, and sustained by artificial intelligence (AI). The Metaverse will be developed with augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR), as well as AI, digital networks, and blockchains. Meta is well-known for its work in artificial intelligence and algorithmic development. Artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies are poised to play important roles in the ever-expanding metaverse. Metaverse, for example, uses artificial intelligence, a digital network, and blockchain to build a digital virtual world in which anybody may participate securely and freely activities that are social and economic in nature but do not take place in the physical world.
Mohamed Abdel Kader Mohamed Elgendy, Mohamed Aborizka, Ali Allam
A blockchain is a data structure that is implemented as a distrusted database or digital ledger. The transactions are saved to a block of transactions that is attached in turn to the blockchain after the verification process, in which each block in the chain contains a hash signature of the previous block in addition to the hash signature of the block itself. The blocks on the blockchain are chained as an immutable list using the proof-of-work procedure, where there is no way to alter or delete an attached block due to the strict security policy used for structuring the chain of blocks. Each node holds a copy of the blockchain in which the miners take the responsibility of verifying and attaching blocks to the blockchain. The Ethereum blockchain introduced the smart contract which holds logic to be processed once the contract is established. These smart contracts are developed via the Solidity programming language. This proposed paper exploits the Ethereum blockchain along with smart contracts as the base technology for implementing the proposed blockchain-based model. The paper aims to develop a multilayered blockchain-based model, in which the blockchain model is set up on a private blockchain Ethereum network where the nodes share the electronic medical records (EMR) among the P2P (peer-to-peer) network that will be used to secure the IoT medical transactions. Solidity smart contract, introduced by Ethereum, is deployed to handle the EMR “open-query-transfer” operations on the private network, whereas the miners are responsible to validate the transactions. Finally, the research conducts a performance analysis of the Ethereum network using the Ethereum Caliper, considering several performance factors, which are: Maximum Latency, Minimum Latency, Average Latency, and Throughput.
Hamdi Hamdi, Sukardi Sukardi, Isfenti Sadalia, Rico Nur Ilham · 5 authors
Bitcoin is virtual money or electronic money that does not have a fixed or physical form that can be seen in the real world but is available and used in cyberspace. Bitcoin is one type of cryptocurrency spread in the world. In the current era of the covid-19 pandemic, the use of cryptocurrencies is
Indonesia is a Muslim-majority country, the survival of extensive zakat is very important for society. In the era of digital technology, the government encourages the government to improve classical zakat administration to ensure transpiration and the principle of facilitating zakat payments. This paper provides a study of the Islamic economic perspective and the potential application of zakat on cryptocurrencies. This paper provides a study of the Islamic economic perspective and the potential application of zakat on cryptocurrencies. In this study the author uses a qualitative approach where the main source is from the Indonesian zakat administration law and the secondary sources are published journals, articles, and reports. The findings of this paper suggest that governments and NGOs should facilitate and accept zakat payments in cryptocurrencies, because one of the advantages is the ability to make transactions more transparent and cross-border using blockchain technology. Provide a sense of security and more trust to the community towards zakat organizations in Indonesia. This study also found a way to calculate cryptocurrency zakat by determining the nisab, consistently above 85 grams for 12 months, so you can pay 2.5% zakat using the value of currency or value of precious metal. This research will help zakat managers in Indonesia to adopt technology in this regard.
The development of new technology has the potential to disrupt and transform an existing system as well as information technology. This study aims to build a proposed model in order to transform an old system into a Blockchain-based system. The smallholder oil palm supply chain currently uses a traditional information system and technology, hence its integrity, transparency, and security are vulnerable. To solve this problem, frontier technology is needed, such as a blockchain, which has trust, transparency, and traceable characteristics to improve performance and quality. The method used in this study was digital transformation in the context of operational processes and technology. In addition, the As-Is To-Be model was used as a mechanism to develop a transformation model for the smallholder oil palm supply chain system. Specifically, the As-Is model was implemented in identifying and analyzing the information system and technology in an already existing system, while the To-Be was used to determine the blockchain potential and characteristics. This becomes the proposed model for the transformation of the old system into a Blockchain technology-based. Also, a prospective and mechanism for system transformation were produced in the aspect of transactions, data, and architecture, as well as the flow of change strategies needed in the transformation of the blockchain-based smallholder oil palm supply chain system.
Mochammad Fahlevi, Vional Vional, Rahandika Mita Pramesti
The aim of this study is to determine stakeholder acceptance of the blockchain and to investigate a suitable model using a Technology Acceptance Model with specific reference to corporate governance through cryptography in solving decades of financial record-keeping problems. Stakeholders in corporate governance, namely customers, creditors, suppliers, communities, employees, owners, investors, trade unions and social activists, can benefit in different ways. Investors can benefit from buying equity at a lower price and selling it on a market with greater liquidity, but they will find it difficult to disguise their trades. This study argues that almost all aspects of corporate governance can be improved through the application of this technology, which results in greater transparency, increases liquidity, and lowers costs. Corporate governance will also be better because blockchain technology uses the concept of a distributed ledger which allows data to be distributed at every connected point in an efficient and accountable manner, so that all parties in the blockchain can exchange data in real time.
Blockchain is the latest disruptive innovation. It is the underlying technology of cryptocurrency. However, the facts show that most cryptocurrencies are stuck in big issues such as scalability issues, resulting in longer transaction times. A two-layer solution was offered in previous studies to solve the scalability problem, but many issues emerged from this idea. Some of the 2 Layer proposals use the Proof of Work (PoW) protocol model, and some other studies use the Proof of Stake (PoS) protocol model. In this study, the authors propose the Hybrid Lightning Protocol to solve the scalability problem of Blockchain networks by combining the Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) protocols without sharding. The author analyzes and designs the development of the Blockchain protocol based on previous research. This research is a Blockchain protocol model that can achieve a maximum throughput of around 1,668,000 transactions/second on a 2 Gbps Fiber network, which can reduce cryptocurrency volatility and shorten transaction times by solving scalability problems.
As a typical representative of web 2.0, Ethereum has significantly boosted the development of blockchain finance. However, due to the anonymity and financial attributes of Ethereum, the number of phishing scams is increasing rapidly and causing massive losses, which poses a serious threat to blockchain financial security. Phishing scam address identification enables to detect phishing scam addresses and alerts users to reduce losses. However, there are three primary challenges in phishing scam address recognition task: 1) the lack of publicly available large datasets of phishing scam address transactions; 2) the use of multi-order transaction information requires a large number of queries and computations; and 3) the extraction of phishing scam address features relies on machine learning methods excessively, which leads to the loss of practical meaning and is harmful to the research of phishing scam addresses. This paper proposes a systematic phishing scam address recognition scheme, to simultaneously overcome the three challenges in phishing scam address recognition. In this paper, a systematic phishing scam address recognition scheme is proposed to addresses these issues. Specifically, due to the insufficient number of address tagged in the existing publicly available Ethereum phishing scam address transaction dataset, we first construct a transaction dataset involving over 10000 tagged addresses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest dataset of tagged addresses for Ethereum phishing scam detection. Then, we design a new heuristic rule to implement feature extraction of address nodes by analysing the traditional financial involved accounts combined with information specific to Ethernet transactions. After that, a novel adaptive feature importance filtering method is designed to adaptively adjust the filtering threshold based on the final classification results, which reduce the feature dimensionality while ensuring a certain detection performance. Finally, random forest is used to classify whether the addresses is a phishing scam address or not. Extensive experiments on real Ethereum datasets show that our approach (98.89% Precision, 98.35% Recall, 98.62% F1) achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Ratna Ekawati, Yandra Arkeman, Suprihatin Suprihatin, Titi Candra Sunarti
The complex supply chain system for the sugar agroindustry supply chain involves many actors, resulting in the asymmetry of information data. It still leads to a lack of data transparency. In the past, data traceability could not be made efficient at every stage, so the record data transaction was not real-time, less accurate, and inefficient coordination between actors. Blockchain is one of the technologies in the 4.0 era as a distributed ledger technology. It can be transparency, traceability, security, immutability, and decentralization. This study aims to design a white sugar agroindustry system based on blockchain technology using the SDLC waterfall stage public. Ethereum is a proof-of-work convention based on the Ropsten test-net on the Metamask wallet. The sugar supply chain system that has been successfully developed allows consumers to track the purchased sugar products based on the transaction hash code sent by the seller. The data listed is the location of the plantation, the quantity (quintal) and quality of sugarcane (percentage), and the purchase price. A web-based blockchain application could be used as a model by national sugar factories to help them make enough sugar food for themselves.
Surat Keterangan Pendamping Ijazah (SKPI) sangat berharga bagi para lulusan perguruan tinggi yang sedang mencari pekerjaan, oleh karena itu rentan terhadap pemalsuan dan manipulasi. Blockchain merupakan teknologi basis data terdistribusi yang mendukung integritas data, keterbukaan, dan ketelurusuran. Teknologi ini tepat digunakan untuk mencatat dan menyimpan surat berharga sebagai suatu aset digital yang bersifat terbuka dan interoperable. Untuk itu standard ERC721 digunakan untuk merepresentasikan SKPI sebagai Non Fungible Token. Penelitian ini membangun sistem penerbitan SKPI sebagai aset digital dalam standar NFT yang membutuhan ekosistem pengembangan teknologi Web3. Sistem berhasil dibangun, diimplementasikan, dan diujicobakan pada sebuah jaringan blockchain (Test-Net).
The 21st century has brought about Blockchain technology, which became a vital innovation in supply chain management and logistics. Blockchain technology is a digital ledger of replicated and disseminated transactions across all the nodes on the Blockchain network. Global logistics is the flow of data and resources between the point of origin and consumption. The arrival of the fourth industrial revolution enhanced the incorporation of technology into all logistics processes and led to the advent of Smart Logistics. The application of Blockchain technology in global logistics effectively advances and allows decentralization and immutable data storage. Blockchain technology has the capability to diminish errors, damage to goods, order delays, and multiple data entries. Essentially, Blockchain technology streamlines global logistics by making it more integrated, efficient, and transparent. The approach of this study can be described as a theory-building from multiple case studies. The study furnishes insight into Blockchain technology, its application and importance in global logistics and smart logistics, and possible opportunities and challenges to be encountered. The goal of this study is to emphasize how Blockchain technology can be advantageous to global logistics systems.