Blockchain Papers

Usman W. Chohan

No abstract is available for this record.

Ashley S. McAbee, Murali Tummala, John McEachen

In this paper, the authors review documented problems in military intelligence that appear well suited for improvement via blockchain technology. We review guidance from the literature related to determining blockchain technology applicability and propose a decision aid tailored to military intelligence perspectives. We also propose applying batch queueing theory to enable initial feasibility studies and present analysis toward the first known case study of military intelligence incorporation of blockchain technology, a project reviewing blockchain applicability to an intelligence database that stores geographic locations of units of interest.

Sina Shiehian

Since Gentry's breakthrough construction of fully homomorphic encryption from lattice-based assumptions (STOC 2009), homomorphic cryptography has attracted a lot of attention. In short, homomorphic cryptography schemes allow performing computation on encrypted data without knowing anything about the underlying plaintext. This branch of cryptography has become increasingly useful in building new protocols and schemes with intriguing security and functionality features. In this thesis, we continue to study the applications of homomorphic cryptography and the lattice-based techniques underlying them in realizing new and enhanced cryptographic primitives. We obtain the following results: -We construct the first noninteractive zero knowledge argument (and proof) system for all of NP from standard lattice assumptions. Noninteractive zero knowledge argument systems have found many applications in enhancing the functionality as well as the security of cryptographic schemes and protocols. Constructing noninteractive zero knowledge arguments from lattice assumption has been a long standing open question. We finally close this problem. -We consider multi-key fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) schemes. Traditional fully homomorphic encryption schemes allow computation on plaintext encrypted under a single key. The notion of multi-key fully homomorphic encryption allows homomorphic computation on data encrypted under different keys. We construct multi-key FHE schemes which are naturally dynamic: ciphertexts under new keys can join even during the homomorphic computation. -Finally, we focus on constrained pseudorandom functions (C-PRFs), which are pseudorandom functions (PRFs) with additional functional capabilities. We propose a new approach for building C-PRFs from lattices, and also significantly enhance the underlying lattice parameters.

Nghia Duong‐Trung, Xuan Son, Tan Tai, Phuong Ngoc Nam · 8 authors

To date, cash on delivery (COD) is one of the most popular payment methods in developing countries thanks to the blossom of customer-to-customer e-commerce. With the widespread of a very small business model and the Internet, online shopping has become part of people’s daily activity. People browse for desirable products at the comfort of their homes and ask the online vendor that a shipper can deliver the merchandise at their doorstep. Then, COD allows customers to pay in cash when the product is delivered to their desired location. Since customers receive goods before making a payment, COD is, therefore, considered as a payment system. However, the crucial issue that previous research has not yet addressed is that their models only support single delivering session at a time. More precisely, if the current buyer is not available to receive the goods, the shipper has to wastefully wait for the complete payment and he/she cannot start shipping another merchandise. The tracking system seems to poorly handle this issue. In particular, we propose a multi-session mechanism, which consists of blockchain technology, smart contracts and hyperledger fabric platform to achieve distributed and transparent across delivering sessions in the decentralized markets. Our proposed mechanism ensure the efficiency of delivering process. The authors release our sources codes for further reproducibility and development. We conclude that the integration of multi-session mechanism and blockchain technology will cause significant efficiency across several disciplines.

Богдановс, Элвийс,

Relevance of the topic. Over the past four years, cryptocurrency as means of alternative payment have increased significantly, the successful market capitalization of the bitcoin, which currently stands at 138,237,195,020 EUR, indicates that the cryptocurrency can be considered an addition to 21 century financial instruments. Despite the unstable value of the cryptocurrency, bitcoin serves as a gateway between the financial markets of cryptocurrencies and the usual financial market for us. In this regard, at the moment there is a tendency to carry out transactions for movable or immovable property using cryptocurrency to reduce the number of taxes. And to rapidly transform financial asset types. A Cryptocurrencies come with secured layer of anonymity, decentralization of financial assets and without controlling authorities. Thus, crimes become more innovative and making investigation process more complicating. The thesis includes existing enterprises that have introduced cryptocurrency as a method of payment, as well as a possible scenario where the financing of political parties and organizations is made using cryptocurrency, allowing illegally exceed the permitted funding. The risks of malicious insolvency are considered. The thesis deals with the insolvency process, which was considered in the arbitration court of the Russian Federation in thesis the conclusion part has comparison between the jurisprudence relating to cryptocurrency in the Republic of Latvia and the Republic of Lithuania. The results of the study led to the following conclusions: despite the decisions of the court of justice of the European Union, supervising financial institutions need to develop means of controlling the cryptocurrency to reduce the illegal political party, the legalization of funds obtained by criminal means, and other processes that allow individuals to hide the true volume and purpose of financial transactions.

John Taskinsoy

No abstract is available for this record.

Juan Arturo Castañeda-Ayarza, Cíntia Neves, André Frazão Teixeira

Digital currencies represent a new technological and monetary dynamics in the development of information technologies and internet. Bitcoin, a virtual currency that emerged in 2008 as a computer code, is characterized by being free of ties to monetary authorities and by not having nationality. The growing interest in Bitcoin is also found in science. Thus, our objective was to map the scientific knowledge about Bitcoin and Blockchain technology. Through bibliographic research in two databases, Science Direct and Scielo, 432 publications were mapped between 2008 and 2018. Out of these, 80% happened between 2016 and 2018, highlighting the rapid growth of scientific production. The main research topics are related to the Bitcoin market, the safety and efficiency of Blockchain technology, the illegal market, as well as the potential applications in areas such as energy, health, shared economy, Big Data and Internet of Things.

Jens Leicht, Maritta Heisel

Many Internet users employ a multitude of online services. Many services require the same data to be entered and users enter it repeatedly. Instead of entering information for every new service a user wants to use, we propose a system that allows users to simply share a set of information with any service they want to use. The information is entered once and stored in a distributed storage system. Users can easily share the data with any service provider, in order to use a service. Our proposed system makes use of the distributed ledger, provided by blockchains, to manage access rights. By taking the data away from the service providers, the personal data is also protected against unwanted data leaks.

Li Zhongzhen, Gao Chaoyue, Min Liu, Chengqin Dai · 5 authors

Student status management is a key part in university information construction and an important basis for talents certification. The emergence of blockchain technology provides a new way to improve the student status management system. Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology in nature, with its decentralized and nontamperable features, the security and authenticity of student information can be ensured. Based on the application of blockchain technology such as smart contracts in "Smart Campuses", this paper proposes and designs a decentralized student status management systim. With Fabric framework, we developed a prototype of student status management system its demonstraiton.

Thomas Keijser

No abstract is available for this record.

Rolf H. Weber

No abstract is available for this record.

Оleg N. Zagurskiy, Lyudmila L. Titova

Global supply chains more and more rely on modern information technologies which contribute to expenses decrease, improvement of processes quality and clarity in-crease. Transaction history tracking possibility between sender and recipient throughout the whole supply chain is key factor, especially if there is confidence problem between chain members. This article enlightens basic principles of blockchain practical use and distributed registry construction in addendums of blockchain. Main attention is payed to analysis of integration increase in supply chains that are created between business partners based on digital data and web-transferred funds. There are blockchain technology application methods defined that are used to increase supply chain resistance in the face of risks and indetermination. The methods provide a close connection between financial, logistics and commercial participants of trade and economic transactions with payments unification possibility and supplies via post operators. Analysis performed shows that blockchain technology concentrates around material and financial actives commerce; potentially the most interesting for both transactions and management processes inside organizations and between them. Processes, strategies, technologies and practical blockchain application in supply chains evidence about its vast potential and wide possibilities for development and efficiency increase of organizations that are parts of chains. Blockchain technology application can enlarge competition advantages of company and decrease risk by increasing of reliable information about chain members, particularly when two entities perform such an operation for the first time.

Sotirios Varelas, Panagiotis Georgitseas, Florin Nechita, Alexandros G. Sahinidis

Over the last years blockchain technology continuously evolving. Blockchain is known as the technology behind Bitcoin, but beyond its use in the transactions improvement has also change the way in which data and information are used. Blockchain due to its characteristics of transparency, security and decentralization expanding to more and more fields of the industry. This study aims to present the blockchain technology and in a more detailed look the ways in which this technology benefits the tourism enterprises through its potential uses.

Qilong Chen, Ronghua Ye, Lin Fei-Long

No abstract is available for this record.

Jing Huang, Shanshan Li, Matthias Thürer

A product lifecycle can be understood as a chain of events experienced by a product. These events do not only include the actual production but also service offerings which accompany the product throughout its life. This leads to integrated product and service offerings and Industrial Product Service Systems (IPS2). Major challenges in this context are product tracking and tracing, the triggering of service and the delivery of service. A new technology that holds much promise in addressing these challenges is blockchain. In response, this study first introduces blockchain technology before it discusses major opportunities in the context of IPS2. For example, blockchain inherently creates a synchronized database of all transaction at each node while smart contracts allow for responsive action. However, there are also challenges. For example, large amounts of redundant data, irreversible contracts and, consequently, reduced competition. While blockchain holds much promise, more needs to be done to unlock its full potential in the context of IPS2.

Roberto Saia, Salvatore Carta, Diego Reforgiato Recupero, Gianni Fenu

The exponential growth of wireless-based solutions, such as those related to the mobile smart devices (e.g., smart-phones and tablets) and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, has lead to countless advantages in every area of our society. Such a scenario has transformed the world a few decades back, dominated by latency, into a new world based on an efficient real-time interaction paradigm. Recently, cryptocurrency has contributed to this technological revolution, whose fulcrum is a decentralization model and a certification function offered by the so-called blockchain infrastructure, which makes it possible to certify the financial transactions, anonymously. This paper aims to indicate a possible approach able to exploit this challenging scenario synergistically by introducing a novel blockchain-based distributed paradigm for data exchange between wireless-based devices defined Internet of Entities (IoE). It is based on two core elements with interchangeable roles, entities and trackers, which can be implemented by using existing infrastructures and devices, such as those related to smart-phones, tablets, and IoT systems. The employment of the blockchain-based distributed paradigm allows our approach ensuring the anonymization and immutability of the involved data, which is key in many scenarios and domains (e.g. financial applications, health and legal applications dealing with personal and sensitive data), requirements more and more searched in recent innovations. The possibility to exchange data among a huge number of devices gives rise to a novel and widely exploitable data environment, whose applications are possible in different domains, such as, in Security, eHealth, and Smart Cities.

Zhigang Jin, Ruoqian Wu, Xingyu Chen, Gen Li

The issues in charging guiding for electric vehicles are meaningful studies in recent years, especially for electric taxis which need to be recharged during working hours. However, with the popularity of taxi-booking apps, how to obtain an effective charging guiding for taxis having advance orders becomes an urgent problem to be solved. To optimize various special interests while satisfying the constraints of online advance orders, a charging guiding strategy based on consortium blockchain is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a taxi charging guiding architecture based on consortium blockchain is designed, and an improved practical byzantine fault tolerance algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of charging information disconnection and trust between multiple charging station operators. Secondly, we establish the charging guiding model for electric taxis based on multi-objective optimization. The model aims to meet the constraints of online advance orders, maximize passengers' satisfaction and operators' service efficiency, and minimize the charging costs of taxis. Finally, the optimization model is solved by quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed guiding strategy, main urban areas of a city are taken as examples for simulation. The results show that the proposed strategy has increased the passengers' satisfaction by 0.44%, and has decreased the expense cost, the time cost and distance cost by 2.38%, 5.72%, and 17.25% respectively, comparing with PSO based strategy while balancing the utilization of charging equipment.

M. Magdalena Payeras–Capellà, Macià Mut–Puigserver, Miquel À. Cabot-Nadal

European Regulation (EU) 910/2014 lays down the rules for electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions. Qualified Electronic Registered Delivery is one of the trust services included in the regulation, and it requires nonrepudiation of origin and reception together with the integrity of the data. This kind of services usually relies heavily on the use of trusted third parties. These entities are an obstacle to extend the use of protocols. In this paper, we use the blockchain-based technologies to provide, for the first time, two multiparty registered eDelivery schemes that reduce the involvement of trusted third parties compared with traditional approaches while satisfying the requirements of the norms created by the European Union for registered eDeliveries. Since confidentiality is not considered a compulsory property in the directive, we propose two protocols. The first one is well suited for those deliveries that do not require the confidentiality of the message or delivered data or even for those in which it is required that the message can be public and accessible to everybody. The second solution for multiparty registered eDelivery allows the message to be hidden to others than the receiver. We present the smart contracts for both proposals and also a complete analysis of their properties and performance.

Rosaire Brice Senou, Jules Dégila, Esther Chabi Adjobo, Abigaïl Priscilla M. Djossou

The blockchain technology impacts the supply chain and allows the creation of smart contract. This contract is executed digitally and securely without the presence of a middleman when all requirements are met. West and Central Africa countries produce 70% of world’s cocoa, while child labour is an issue as millions of children work in that sector. This paper contribution is mainly to enlighten smart contract adoption with respect to child abuse and to contribute to strategies for child labour reduction.

Carlo Schamberger

In den vergangen Jahren haben Corwd-Sensing-Anwendungen immer mehr an Relevanz gewonnen. Mit der Zunahme von mobilen Geräten nahm auch die Verwendung dieser als Sensoren zur Datenerhebung zu. In dieser Arbeit betrachten wir hierbei die Nutzung eines solchen Systems zur Verfolgung mobiler Objekte. Smart-Contracts bieten seit wenigen Jahren die Möglichkeit, dezentral auf einer Blockchain Anwendungen zu implementieren, welche nicht auf einen einzelnen Server angewiesen sind. Smart-Contracts sind transparent und können außerhalb der ersichtlichen, implementierten Möglichkeiten nicht manipuliert werden. Mobile-Target-Tracking-Anwendungen selbst sind keine Neuheit mehr, wohl aber die dezentrale Ausführung dieser auf einer Blockchain. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde eine Mobile-Target-Tracking-Anwendung implementiert, welche mithilfe von Crowd-Sensing ein Objekt sucht. Die erfassten Daten werden an den Smart-Contract in der Ethereum-Blockchain gesendet, dort gespeichert und nach Erreichen bestimmter Kriterien ausgewertet. Die korrekten Meldungen sollen vom Smart-Contract mit einem Ether-Betrag belohnt werden. Dazu werden in dieser Arbeit verschiedene Algorithmen zum Finden einer konsistenten Menge von Sichtungen diskutiert. Die Herausforderungen der Implementierung und die Evaluation der entstandenen Smart-Contracts werden in dieser Arbeit vorgestellt.

Д. Ю. Ковальчук, О. О. Онікійчук, Є.Є. Деменко, М. А. Гончаров

No abstract is available for this record.

Ryuta Sakemoto, Alden Ho, Yoshihiko Ichikawa

No abstract is available for this record.

Carlos Eduardo Tofanim, Gabriel Moralo da Costa, Jean Paul Pezzutti, Matheus Casarin Giaculi

This study investigates the feasibility of applying blockchain technology to enhance the security and transparency of electronic voting systems. The research analyzes potential vulnerabilities and trust challenges associated with traditional electronic voting infrastructure and explores how distributed ledger technologies can be used to improve vote integrity and auditability. A prototype voting system was developed to simulate an online voting environment using blockchain as the underlying data storage mechanism. The system was implemented as a web application using ASP.NET MVC and C# within the .NET Framework environment, with blockchain functionality integrated through an open-source implementation adapted for the study. The prototype demonstrates how votes can be recorded as blockchain transactions, ensuring immutability and distributed verification of voting data. The architecture also includes a web-based user interface for vote selection and confirmation, as well as backend blockchain validation mechanisms responsible for maintaining the integrity of the distributed ledger. The study evaluates the technical feasibility of integrating blockchain with electronic voting processes and discusses potential advantages such as improved transparency, tamper resistance, and decentralized validation of election results. Although the study focuses primarily on the technical feasibility and proof-of-concept implementation, the findings suggest that blockchain-based voting systems could represent a promising approach for improving trust and security in digital electoral systems. Future research directions include scalability analysis, infrastructure requirements for nationwide implementation, and mechanisms for secure voter verification.

Banerjee Sn

The rapid growth of Financial Technology (FinTech) has transformed traditional financial services through innovative business models and advanced digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, Big Data Analytics, Cloud Computing, IoT, and APIs. These technologies have enabled secure, efficient, transparent, and personalized financial services, including digital banking, real-time payments, peer-to-peer lending, robo-advisory, decentralized finance (DeFi), and embedded finance. This study explores innovative FinTech models shaping the future of financial services, including Open Banking, Banking-as-a-Service (BaaS), Platform Banking, DeFi, RegTech, and InsurTech. Through a comprehensive literature review, it develops a conceptual framework that integrates technological innovation, regulatory compliance, digital transformation, customer experience, and financial sustainability. The findings reveal that FinTech innovations improve transaction efficiency, reduce costs, enhance customer satisfaction, and expand financial inclusion. AI and blockchain technologies further strengthen transparency, fraud detection, and decision-making. However, challenges such as cybersecurity risks, data privacy concerns, regulatory uncertainty, and interoperability issues continue to hinder broader adoption. The study concludes that collaborative digital ecosystems powered by emerging technologies will play a critical role in creating secure, sustainable, and inclusive financial services in the future.