This article studies contagion effects between traditional financial markets, represented by five equity indices and the EUR, USD, GBP, and JPY centralized Bitcoin markets. We apply a regime switching skew-normal model of asset returns that distinguishes between linear and non-linear contagion and also structural breaks in the periods. We find significant contagion effects from financial to Bitcoin markets in terms of both correlation and co-skewness of market returns. Our results also indicate that during crisis periods, risk-averse investors tend to move away from risky Bitcoin markets towards safer financial markets.
The rise of ubiquitous deepfakes, misinformation, disinformation, propaganda and post-truth, often referred to as fake news, raises concerns over the role of Internet and social media in modern democratic societies. Due to its rapid and widespread diffusion, digital deception has not only an individual or societal cost (e.g., to hamper the integrity of elections), but it can lead to significant economic losses (e.g., to affect stock market performance) or to risks to national security. Blockchain and other Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) guarantee the provenance, authenticity and traceability of data by providing a transparent, immutable and verifiable record of transactions while creating a peer-to-peer secure platform for storing and exchanging information. This overview aims to explore the potential of DLTs and blockchain to combat digital deception, reviewing initiatives that are currently under development and identifying their main current challenges. Moreover, some recommendations are enumerated to guide future researchers on issues that will have to be tackled to face fake news, disinformation and deepfakes, as an integral part of strengthening the resilience against cyber-threats on today's online media.
The proportion of Energy consumption in the building industry is great, as well as the amount of cooling and heating system. Scholars have been working on energy conservation of Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning and other systems in buildings. The application of occupant behavior data for building energy optimization has started gaining attention from scholars. However, occupant behavior data concerns many aspects of occupants' privacy. Different types of occupant behavior data contain occupants' private information to different levels. It is crucial to conduct privacy protection of occupant behavior data when using occupant behavior for energy conservation. This paper presents the aspects of privacy issue when using occupant behavior data, and methods to protect data privacy with blockchain technology. Both two options of using blockchain for privacy protection, sending data records as transactions and storing files on the blockchain, are explained and evaluated with temperature records from an open access paper. Sending data as transactions can be used between sensors and local building management system. While storing files on blockchain can be used for collaboration of different building management systems. Advantages, drawbacks, and potentials of using blockchain for data and file transfer are discussed. The results should be helpful for using occupant behavior data for building energy optimization.
This paper presents Thinkey, an efficient, secure, infinitely scalable and decentralized blockchain architecture. It ensures system correctness and liveness by a multi-layer structure. In particular, the system is based on a double-chain architecture and uses a multi-layer consensus protocol to guarantee consistency. Thinkey also uses a novel account model which is based on Actor Model to support the complex logic in the multi-chain structure. Experiment results show that the proposed Thinkey architecture can achieve higher throughput as the number of nodes increases.
Social networking sites have given users unprecedented opportunities for the generation and dissemination of content. A variety of social networking sites exist for different purposes, to afford users a range of anonymous and non-anonymous options for self-expression, and the ability to be a part of a virtual community. These “affordances” enable users to create and share content; however, the ability to partially or wholly detach user identity from the content has resulted in unique challenges for content access and content attribution. This paper proposes a framework for secure, trustworthy social networking that also creates value for user-generated content by using a blockchain-enhanced framework for social networking. This work explains the application of such a framework for collocated spaces of robots and IoT devices and identifies key challenges that result as a consequence of merging social networking sites and blockchain technology.
Sara Falcone, Yingsheng Zhang, Agnes Cameron, Amira Abdel-Rahman
This paper proposes a blockchain-based mapping protocol for distributed robotic systems running on embedded hardware. This protocol was developed for a robotic system designed to locomote on lattice structures for space applications. A consensus mechanism, Proof of Validity, is introduced to allow the effort of mining blocks to correlate with the desired tasks the robotic system was designed for. These robots communicate using peer-to-peer LoRa radio. Options, trade-offs and considerations for implementing blockchain technology on an embedded system with wireless radio communication are explored and discussed.
Aleksandr Kapitonov, Sergey Lonshakov, Ivan Berman, Eduardo Castelló Ferrer · 7 authors
This article describes different methods of organizing robotic services for smart cities using secure encrypted decentralized technologies and market mechanisms—as opposed to models based on centralized solutions based (or not) on using cloud services and stripping citizens of the control of their own data. The basis of the proposed methods is the Ethereum decentralized computer with the mechanism of smart contracts. In this work, special attention is paid to the integration of technical and economic information into one network of transactions, which allows creating a unified way of interaction between robots—the robot economy. Three possible scenarios of robotic services for smart cities based on the economy of robots are presented: unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), environmental monitoring, and smart factories. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scenarios, three experiments are presented and discussed. Our work shows that the Ethereum network can provide, through smart contracts and their ability to activate programs to interact with the physical world, an effective and practical way to manage robot services for smart cities.
Alex Khawalid, Dan Acristinii, Hans van Toor, Eduardo Castelló Ferrer
Swarm Robotics (SR) faces a series of challenges impeding widespread adoption for real-world applications. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) has shown it can solve a number of these challenges. An experiment was conducted to showcase the resolution of these challenges. A search and rescue mission was simulated using drones coupled with single board computers and several simulated agents. Inter-agent communications were facilitated through DLT in a completely decentralized network. A frontend interface was built to demonstrate the ease with which information can be extracted from the system. This paper shows the feasibility of the application of DLT to SR-related challenges in a practical experiment. For future work, it is proposed to focus on more complex tasks through federated learning or inter-swarm communications, possibly through Cosmos.
AbstractThe use of bitcoin as a currency or payment instrument is prohibited by Indonesian Bank. However, bitcoin as an object of sell buy in the form of digital assets or intangible goods is traded on indodax.com. The method used is statute approach and conceptual approach. The results of this study can be known that the law of sell buy bitcoin on indodax.com in the perspective of sharia is forbidden because in fiqh, the contract of sell buy bitcoin on indodax.com. include fasid contract because bitcoin contains elements gharar, maysir, syubhat, and dharar as an object of sell buy so as to violate the provisions of sharia. Indonesian Ulema Council should issue National Sharia Board About Bitcoin. Keywords : Sell Buy, Bitcoin, Digital Assets, Indodax.com, The Perspective of Sharia AbstrakPenggunaan bitcoin sebagai mata uang atau alat pembayaran dilarang oleh Bank Indonesia. Namun, bitcoin sebagai obyek jual beli yang berbentuk aset digital atau barang tidak berwujud diperjualbelikan di indodax.com. Metode yang digunakan adalah statute approach dan conceptual approach. Hasil penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa hukum jual beli bitcoin di indodax.com dalam perspektif syariah adalah dilarang karena dalam fikih, akad jual beli bitcoin di indodax.com. termasuk akad yang fasid karena bitcoin mengandung unsur gharar, maysir, syubhat, dan dharar sebagai obyek jual beli sehingga melanggar ketentuan syariah. Seharusnya Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) mengeluarkan Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional (DSN) tentang Bitcoin. Kata Kunci : Jual Beli, Bitcoin, Aset Digital, Indodax.com, Perspektif Syariah.
With the rising demands from customers and users and the development of ever advanced technologies, many space missions nowadays require more than one satellite to fulfill their mission objectives. Although replacing single satellite systems (SSSs) by multiple satellite systems (MSSs) offers advantages, such as enhanced spatial and temporal coverage as well as high robustness and multifunctional purposes, it also introduces new challenges. There is no doubt that as the number of satellites in a mission grows, the complexity and operation cost of controlling and coordinating these satellites only by human (or ground based) operators will increase dramatically. In addition, for some deep space missions or complex operational tasks, due to the long signal transmission time between the spacecraft and ground-based antennas or short communication windows, there will not be enough time or resources for operators to sufficiently and efficiently control all of the required onboard functions from mission control centers. Therefore, to enhance the efficiency of operating an MSS, and to reduce the cost of human resources and ground infrastructure, an onboard autonomous system (OAS) for MSS is a promising solution. For specific missions, the use of an OAS may even be a mission enabler. One important function of an OAS is to provide planning and re-planning services based on different mission requirements. The objective of this research is to develop and characterize onboard autonomous mission planning and re-planning approaches for MSSs. Traditional planning approaches have been reviewed and proven to be inappropriate and inefficient for complex planning problems in the harsh space environment when severe system constraints are enforced and a large number of vehicles constitutes the MSS. % Artificial intelligence (AI) approaches, in contrast, are more suitable for complex problems due to their broad adaptability and their ability to cope with large-scale variables. To overcome these deficiencies, engineers and researchers have started to develop OAS with the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to allow for more complex space missions. Based on the relevance of this problem, the following research questions (RQs) have been formulated and will be answered in this thesis. % and a review of the state-of-the-art scientific literature \\textbf{RQ1: What are the strengths of using AI in space missions? How to use a centralized AI algorithm in a multi-satellite system to decompose mission objectives and perform mission planning for the entire system?} \\textbf{RQ2: How to define emergency situations which may occur during mission operations? How to use AI algorithms to handle mission re-planning and re-scheduling problems?} \\textbf{RQ3: How to design cooperation and negotiation approaches for an MSS to reach an agreement? How to improve AI algorithms for distributed onboard mission planning problems?} To define potential scenarios, a reference mission is introduced in this thesis, called \\textit{Discovering the Sky at the Longest Wavelength (DSL)}. The mission is assumed to comprise one Mother Satellite (MS) and eight Daughter Satellites (DSs) in a lunar orbit. Its scientific objective is to observe the universe in the hitherto-unexplored very low frequency (below 30 MHz) electromagnetic spectrum. The DSs collect scientific data only in those parts of the orbit which is shielded from radio frequencies emitted by the Earth. These DSs can only transmit collected data to the MS when they are outside of this shielded orbit sections, to prevent interferences caused by communication. % The DSs collect scientific data and transmit those to the MS with the constraints what scientific data collection may only occur in the part of the orbit. This part of the orbit is shielded from radio frequencies emitted by the Earth and no other DSs are transmitting data to the MS. This renders mission operations of DSL very complex. The existing body of knowledge on mission planning problems for multi-satellite systems is reviewed. It comprises three categories: classical approaches, heuristic approaches, and advanced techniques (e.g., team negotiation mechanisms, evaluation algorithms). Targeting the complexity of foreseeable DSL planning problems, nine representative optimization algorithms are applied to fourteen test functions. The results indicate that Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) have a broader adaptability than classical approaches. They are also more efficient than other heuristic approaches. Therefore, EAs family is selected as suitable candidate for the reference MSS. % fourteen test functions are used to test nine representative algorithms to provide a preliminary selection for the reference MSS.=-098 % The fourteen test functions we used contain different types of objective functions and constraints to guarantee the diversity of the preliminary selection. % The goal of this selection is to identify a suitable approach for an MSS to handle different types of optimization problems. Eight constrained and six unconstrained test functions are employed as benchmarks. The operations concept of the DSL mission foresees that the initial mission planning is performed by the MS, while the eight DSs are preliminary executing data collection and transmission tasks. % Considering the scientific design of the DSL mission, the initial mission planning procedures are all performed by the Mother Satellite (MS), while the rest eight Daughter Satellites (DSs) are just participating satellites which response for gathering and transmitting data. During this phase, the MSS implements a centralized architecture and the MS conducts a centralized planning approach. By comparing basic Genetic Algorithm (GA) with several state-of-the-art improved GAs, its weaknesses are revealed. In this thesis, to overcome early and slow convergence problems, the need to develop a new mutation strategy for GA is motivated. % By revealing the weaknesses of the basic Genetic Algorithm (GA), along with a comparison with several other improved GAs, The proposed novel mutation strategy is called Hybrid Dynamic Mutation (HDM), which contains a standard mutation operator and an escape mutation operator. While the standard mutation operator uses a small mutation rate for approaching the global optimum, the escape mutation operator uses a larger mutation rate to allow an escape from local optima. The simulation results indicate that the proposed HDM can improve the basic GA (which turns into the HDMGA) leading to a superior performance on correctness and effectiveness as compared to alternative GAs. Based on these findings, AI related methods are considered a promising category as compared to classical methods due to their flexibility and effectiveness to support the onboard planning for an MSS. In addition, the proposed HDMGA also provides a satisfying result for the considered initial mission planning problems. Internal or external causes, e.g. an actuator failure or the challenging space environment, can lead to a satellite malfunction during mission operations. This thesis considers the two most important behaviors of the DSL mission, observation and communication, and proposes potential emergency scenarios to handle possible system failures on DSs. Two re-planning methods, one called the Cyclically Re-planning Method (CRM), the other one the Near Real-time Re-planning Method (NRRM), are established and compared. The CRM performs re-planning at the beginning of each orbit and only re-plans for one orbit. The NRRM performs re-planning in a near real-time setting when the emergency occurs. Its re-planning covers for the rest of the mission. Three simulation study cases are formulated based on assumed emergency scenarios. % Each case is designed to represent a different level of failures on multiple DSs. The proposed two methods are compared on three aspects: the total number of data observed from all DSs within a certain time frame, the total number of data the MS received from all DSs within a certain time frame, and the average computation time needed for re-planning. The results indicate that: (1) The NRRM allows to observe and transmit more data than the CRM within a specific operational lifetime. (2) The NRRM requires more computational time than the CRM for emergency situations, while it requires less time than the CRM for nominal situations. % For emergency situations, the CRM can therefore provide re-planning sequences faster than the NRRM, while for nominal operations, the NRRM is much faster than the CRM. This research also covers a much more severe scenario, namely that the MS becomes fully non-functional in an emergency situation. This would render the MS unable to provide mission planning and re-planning services for the MSS. Without its main controller on the MS, all DSs now need to cooperate to jointly solve the mission planning problems. Due to the loss of the MS, both distributed and decentralized architectures, which the MSS could then use are introduced. In a distributed architecture, each DS is connected with all other DSs directly or through DS which acts as retranslator. In a decentralized architecture, each DS can only communicate with its neighbors. Considering that the mission allocation problems in different organizational architectures are similar to information games in game theory, a game-theoretical model of the Multi-Satellite Mission Allocation (MSMA) problem is formulated. % Three new negotiation mechanisms are introduced, compared and analyzed in theoretical terms. The Utility-based Regret Play (URP) negotiation mechanism is proposed for an MSMA problem using a distributed architecture. It inherits the ability to evaluate individual utility at each negotiation step from the Utility-based Fictitious Play, and the ability to regret the current choice and for not proposing particular choices in the past negotiation steps from the Regret Matching
Jason A. Tran, Gowri Ramachandran, Palash M Shah, Claudiu Danilov · 6 authors
Blockchain technology has the potential to disrupt applications beyond cryptocurrencies. This work applies the concepts of blockchain technology to swarm robotics applications. Swarm robots typically operate in a distributed fashion, wherein the collaboration and coordination between the robots are essential to accomplishing the application goals. However, robot swarms may experience network partitions either due to navigational and communication challenges or in order to perform certain tasks efficiently. We propose a novel protocol, SwarmDAG, that enables the maintenance of a distributed ledger based on the concept of extended virtual synchrony while managing and tolerating network partitions.
A blockchain, during its lifetime, records large amounts of data, that in a common usage its kept on its entirety. In a robotics environment, the old information is useful for human evaluation, or oracles interfacing with the blockchain but it is not useful for the robots that require only current information in order to continue their work. This causes a storage problem in blockchain nodes that have limited storage capacity, such as in the case of nodes attached to robots that are usually built around embedded solutions. This paper presents a time-segmentation solution for devices with limited storage capacity, integrated in a particular robot-directed blockchain called RobotChain. Results are presented regarding the proposed solution that show that the goal of restricting each node's capacity is reached without compromising all the benefits that arise from the use of blockchains in these contexts, and on the contrary, it allows for cheap nodes to use this blockchain, reduces storage costs and allows faster deployment of new nodes.
Iain Barclay, Alun Preece, Ian Taylor, Dinesh Verma
Researchers and scientists use aggregations of data from a diverse combination of sources, including partners, open data providers and commercial data suppliers. As the complexity of such data ecosystems increases, and in turn leads to the generation of new reusable assets, it becomes ever more difficult to track data usage, and to maintain a clear view on where data in a system has originated and makes onward contributions. Reliable traceability on data usage is needed for accountability, both in demonstrating the right to use data, and having assurance that the data is as it is claimed to be. Society is demanding more accountability in data-driven and artificial intelligence systems deployed and used commercially and in the public sector. This paper introduces the conceptual design of a model for data traceability based on a Bill of Materials scheme, widely used for supply chain traceability in manufacturing industries, and presents details of the architecture and implementation of a gateway built upon the model. Use of the gateway is illustrated through a case study, which demonstrates how data and artifacts used in an experiment would be defined and instantiated to achieve the desired traceability goals, and how blockchain technology can facilitate accurate recordings of transactions between contributors.
Since the inception of Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies and the underlying blockchain technology have attracted an increasing interest from both academia and industry. Among various core components, consensus protocol is the defining technology behind the security and performance of blockchain. From incremental modifications of Nakamoto consensus protocol to innovative alternative consensus mechanisms, many consensus protocols have been proposed to improve the performance of the blockchain network itself or to accommodate other specific application needs. In this survey, we present a comprehensive review and analysis on the state-of-the-art blockchain consensus protocols. To facilitate the discussion of our analysis, we first introduce the key definitions and relevant results in the classic theory of fault tolerance which help to lay the foundation for further discussion. We identify five core components of a blockchain consensus protocol, namely, block proposal, block validation, information propagation, block finalization, and incentive mechanism. A wide spectrum of blockchain consensus protocols are then carefully reviewed accompanied by algorithmic abstractions and vulnerability analyses. The surveyed consensus protocols are analyzed using the five-component framework and compared with respect to different performance metrics. These analyses and comparisons provide us new insights in the fundamental differences of various proposals in terms of their suitable application scenarios, key assumptions, expected fault tolerance, scalability, drawbacks and trade-offs. We believe this survey will provide blockchain developers and researchers a comprehensive view on the state-of-the-art consensus protocols and facilitate the process of designing future protocols.
Bruno Rodrigues, Lukas Eisenring, Eder J. Scheid, Thomas Bocek · 5 authors
The volume of traffic generated by modern Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks suggests that centralized defenses are not the most effective approach to counter these attacks. An alternative to reduce the burden of detection and mitigation is to combine centralized defense systems, creating a global and cooperative protection system. However, existing approaches suffer from the complexity of deployment and operation across different systems. Blockchains appear in this scenario as an alternative to simplify the exchange of information in a cooperative defense. This work evaluates in both local and global experimentations the performance of the blockchain system proposed in [8] concerning the latency to perform the signaling of blacklisted addresses.
Blockchain is the latest technology developed in recent years for storing and sharing valuable information about transactions. This technology applies different methods for storing information that is unlike other existing traditional ways. Blockchain technology is an excellent example of maintainin
In this paper, we propose a secure system design for implementing the minimal-information exchange framework to efficiently provide services; the application of this concept is in the context of electricity services. The information being exchanged is dictated by the Dynamic Monitoring and Decision Systems (DyMonDS) platform, which enables optimal global solutions to be derived even in a largely distributed setting. This capability parallels the increasing number of smart Internet of Things (IoT) devices that allow for a responsive and flexible service. These advancements are aligned in the Secure Blockchain-Enabled DyMonDS design, where a secure communication protocol enables smart embedded devices to communicate with local compute nodes; these compute nodes are connected in a meshed blockchain network, providing information security, integrity, and robustness.
Teknologi blockchain banyak diterapkan dalam dunia Pendidikan, memiliki keunggulan dengan sistem yang terdesentralisasi dan kriptografi yang kuat dapat membantu universitas dalam membangun infrastruktur dalam penyimpanan arsip berupa transkrip nilai, sertifikasi dan ijazah. Penerapan teknologi blockchain dalam dunia pendidikan antara lain adalah blockcert, e-Portfolio,danbook copyright. Blockcert adalah salah satu tool yang diciptakan MIT yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat, menerbitkan, dan memverifikasi sertifikat yang berbasis blockchain1. Berdasarkan ide yang diusung dari blockcert untuk membuat sertifikat yang dapat diverifikasi secara global dan tersimpan secara terdesentralisasi. Penulis mencoba mendesain e-transkrip yang berbasis blockchain yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mendukung transparansi dan akuntablititas universitas dalam menerbitkan transkrip nilai dan ijazah.
Gregory Falco, Caleb Li, Pavel Fedorov, Carlos Caldera · 6 authors
Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices are ubiquitous and growing rapidly in number. However, IoT manufacturers have focused on the functionality and features of the devices and made security an afterthought. Since IoT devices have small memory capacities and low-power processors, many security firms have not been able to develop anti-malware software for these devices. Current IoT security solutions are heavy and unreliable. We have developed a lightweight IoT security solution that uses hacker tools against the hackers -- in essence, a vaccine for IoT. Our software provides managed security and intelligence to IoT devices using a "friendly" botnet operated through a proven, existing communication infrastructure for distributed systems -- the Bitcoin blockchain.
Dijiang Huang, Chun-Jen Chung, Qiuxiang Dong, Jim Luo · 5 authors
Blockchain technology is increasingly being adopted as a trusted platform to support business functions including trusted and verifiable transactions, tracking, and validation. However, most business use-cases require privacy and confidentiality for data and transactions. As a result, businesses are forced to choose private blockchain solutions and unable to take full advantage of the capabilities, benefits and infrastructure of public blockchain systems. To address this issue, we present an Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) security solution built on a private-over-public (PoP) blockchain approach. The policy based distributed operation of ABE conforms well to the blockchain concept. The cross-chain PoP approach provides the benefits from both public blockchains and private blockchains. Businesses will be able to restrict access, maintain privacy, and improve performance while still being able to leverage the distributed trust of public blockchains. This paper present the ABE-based security framework and protocol for securing data, transactions as well as smart contracts. Security analysis and performance evaluation show the proposed solution to be effective, efficient and practical. It can greatly reduce the cost and complexity for businesses compared to running isolated private blockchain solutions.
Jawad Ali, Toqeer Ali Syed, Yazed Alsaawy, Ahmad Shahrafidz Khalid · 5 authors
With a rapid growth in the IT industry, Internet of Things (IoT) has gained a tremendous attention and become a central aspect of our environment. In IoT the things (devices) communicate and exchange the data without the act of human intervention. Such autonomy and proliferation of IoT ecosystem make the devices more vulnerable to attacks. In this paper, we propose a behavior monitor in IoT-Blockchain setup which can provide trust-confidence to outside networks. Behavior monitor extracts the activity of each device and analyzes the behavior using deep auto-encoders. In addition, we also incorporate Trusted Execution Technology (Intel SGX) in order to provide a secure execution environment for applications and data on blockchain. Finally, in evaluation we analyze three IoT devices data that is infected by mirai attack. The evaluation results demonstrate the ability of our proposed method in terms of accuracy and time required for detection.
In view of its use as reactivity theory, Conceptual Density Functional Theory (DFT), introduced by Parr et al., has mainly concentrated up to now on the E = E[N,v] functional. However, different ensemble representations can be used involving other variables also, such\nas ρ and μ. In this study, these different ensemble representations (E, Ω, F, and R) are briefly reviewed. Particular attention is then given to the corresponding second-order (functional) derivatives, and their analogies with the second-order derivatives of thermodynamic state functions U, F, H, and G, which are related to each other viaLegendre transformations, just as the DFT functionals (Nalewajski and Parr, 1982). Starting from an analysis of the convexity/concavity of the DFT functionals, for which explicit proofs are discussed for some cases, the positive/negative definiteness of the associated kernels is derived and a detailed comparison is made with the thermodynamic derivatives. The stability conditions in thermodynamics are similar in structure to the convexity/concavity conditions for the DFT functionals. Thus, the DFT functionals are scrutinized based on the convexity/concavity of their two variables, to yield the possibility of establishing a relationship between the three second-order reactivity descriptors derived from the considered functional. Considering two ensemble representations, F and Ω, F is eliminated as it has two dependent (extensive) variables, N and ρ. For Ω, on the other hand, which is concave for both of its intensive variables (μ and υ), an inequality is derived from its three second-order (functional) derivatives: the global softness, the local softness, and the softness kernel. Combined with the negative value of the diagonal element of the linear response function, this inequality is shown to be compatible with the Berkowitz-Parr relationship, which relates the functional derivatives of ρ with υ, at constant Nand μ. This was recently at stake upon quantifying Kohn’s Nearsightedness of Electronic Matter. The analogy of the resulting inequality and the thermodynamic inequality for the G derivatives is highlighted. Potential research paths for this study are briefly addressed; the analogies between finite-temperature DFT response functions and their thermodynamic counterparts and the quest for analogous relationships, as derived in this paper, for DFT functionals that are analogues of entropy-dimensioned thermodynamic functions such as the Massieu function.
Vincent Reniers, Dimitri Van Landuyt, Paolo Viviani, Bert Lagaisse · 6 authors
Many applications by design depend on costly trusted third-party auditors. One such example is the industrial application case of federated multi-disciplinary optimization (MDO), in which different organizations contribute to a complex engineering design effort. Although blockchain and distributed ledger technology (DLT) has strong potential in reducing the dependence on such intermediaries, the architectural complexity involved in designing a solution is daunting.