Nowadays, healthcare is growing rapidly due to the large development of new technologies such as IoT and wearable devices. These devices are widely used to ensure remote patient monitoring. The current implementation is based on a client/server architecture. This raises several challenges regarding security and privacy that make healthcare systems more susceptible to several attacks. Therefore, health data are subject to strict regulatory and security requirements. To overcome these challenges and comply with security regulations, the adoption of a distributed architecture is a necessity. Due to its distributed nature and its security promises, Blockchain has a large interest as a sophisticated technology to solve the security challenges in IoT-based systems. Motivated by these factors, this work proposes BlockMedCare, a secure healthcare system that integrates IoT with Blockchain. The system is designed to support remote patient monitoring, especially when it comes to chronic diseases that require regular monitoring. We took into consideration three main parameters: security, scalability, and processing time. The security is ensured by using the re-encryption proxy combined with Blockchain to store hash data. Smart contracts are used for access control. To ensure Blockchain scalability, an off-chain database based on IPFS is used to store data. To speed up the data storage process, we use an Ethereum Blockchain-based proof of authority. As a use case, we applied the system to diabetes management and showed the execution results based on the system interfaces. The experimental system has demonstrated a good improvement of healthcare systems in terms of security face to the existing methods.
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In this paper we are going to go through blockchain technologies. No matter which blockchain you're developing on blockchain engineers are in extreme demand. Protocols like Aave, Yearn Finance and Synthetix have huge sums of monetary value locked in them allowing people to engage in decentralized finance (DeFi), which allows people to make censorship resistant moves. Some of these protocols are less than a year old. Blockchain and solidity applications are building a world of more trust and accountability with smart contract engineering skills becoming the most sought after in the world.
Internet of medical things (IoMT) has made it possible to collect applications and medical devices to improve healthcare information technology. Since the advent of the pandemic of coronavirus (COVID-19) in 2019, public health information has become more sensitive than ever. Moreover, different news items incorporated have resulted in differing public perceptions of COVID-19, especially on the social media platform and infrastructure. In addition, the unprecedented virality and changing nature of COVID-19 makes call centres to be likely overstressed, which is due to a lack of authentic and unregulated public media information. Furthermore, the lack of data privacy has restricted the sharing of COVID-19 information among health institutions. To resolve the above-mentioned limitations, this paper is proposing a privacy infrastructure based on federated learning and blockchain. The proposed infrastructure has the potentials to enhance the trust and authenticity of public media to disseminate COVID-19 information. Also, the proposed infrastructure can effectively provide a shared model while preserving the privacy of data owners. Furthermore, information security and privacy analyses show that the proposed infrastructure is robust against information security-related attacks.
With a Fourth Industrial Revolution making inroads, encompassing all sectors of the industry with numerous concepts of disruptive technology such as Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Virtual and Augmented Reality, Internet of Things (IoT), Robotics and 3D Printing we have barely scratched the surface of its Scope, Implication, and Applications in various branches of the Construction Industry. This research aims to investigate the potential of Blockchain technology in the context of Smart Contracts and Supply chain management (SCM) applications in the construction sector. Most of the time, cost overruns have been attributed to the sluggish pace of contractual impediments or inefficacy of material and machinery procurement processes. The executive of material and data stream is a crucial need for development organizations. Effective execution in these regions can give significant benefits and permit more main incentives for customers. The industry is regularly censured for being delayed to grasp the change it needs and at the exact moment has been referred to as ready for the interruption because of the intricacy of work and a sheer number of guidelines and gauges, trust and check issues in regards to consistency to work principles still loom to a great extent. The momentum built by BIM infusion in the industry could be leveraged to bring Blockchain technology to the fore to mitigate Information Asymmetry by -distributing information to generate decentralized consensus building among various stakeholders involved.
Aitizaz Ali, Mohammed Amin Almaiah, Fahima Hajjej, Muhammad Fermi Pasha · 8 authors
The IoT refers to the interconnection of things to the physical network that is embedded with software, sensors, and other devices to exchange information from one device to the other. The interconnection of devices means there is the possibility of challenges such as security, trustworthiness, reliability, confidentiality, and so on. To address these issues, we have proposed a novel group theory (GT)-based binary spring search (BSS) algorithm which consists of a hybrid deep neural network approach. The proposed approach effectively detects the intrusion within the IoT network. Initially, the privacy-preserving technology was implemented using a blockchain-based methodology. Security of patient health records (PHR) is the most critical aspect of cryptography over the Internet due to its value and importance, preferably in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). Search keywords access mechanism is one of the typical approaches used to access PHR from a database, but it is susceptible to various security vulnerabilities. Although blockchain-enabled healthcare systems provide security, it may lead to some loopholes in the existing state of the art. In literature, blockchain-enabled frameworks have been presented to resolve those issues. However, these methods have primarily focused on data storage and blockchain is used as a database. In this paper, blockchain as a distributed database is proposed with a homomorphic encryption technique to ensure a secure search and keywords-based access to the database. Additionally, the proposed approach provides a secure key revocation mechanism and updates various policies accordingly. As a result, a secure patient healthcare data access scheme is devised, which integrates blockchain and trust chain to fulfill the efficiency and security issues in the current schemes for sharing both types of digital healthcare data. Hence, our proposed approach provides more security, efficiency, and transparency with cost-effectiveness. We performed our simulations based on the blockchain-based tool Hyperledger Fabric and OrigionLab for analysis and evaluation. We compared our proposed results with the benchmark models, respectively. Our comparative analysis justifies that our proposed framework provides better security and searchable mechanism for the healthcare system.
Lifelong learning approaches that include digital, transversal, and practical skills (i.e., critical thinking, communication, collaboration, information literacy, analytical, metacognitive, reflection, and other research skills) are required in order to be equitable and inclusive and stimulate personal development. Realtime interaction between teachers and students and the ability for students to choose courses from curricula are guaranteed by decentralized online learning. Moreover, through blockchain, it is possible to acquire skills regarding the structure and content while also implementing learning tools. Additionally, documentation validation should be equally crucial to speeding up the process and reducing costs and paperwork. Finally, blockchains are open and inclusive processes that include people and cultures from all walks of life. Learning in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) is facilitated by new technologies, connecting blockchain to sustainability, which helps understand the relationship between technologies and sustainability. Besides serving as a secure transaction system, blockchain technology can help decentralize, provide security and integrity, and offer anonymity and encryption, therefore, promoting a transaction rate increase. This study investigates an alternative in which HEI include a blockchain network to provide the best sustainable education system. Students’ opinions were analyzed, and they considered that blockchain technology had a very positive influence on learning performance.
With the advent of globalization and the evergrowing rate of technology, the volume of production as well as ease of procuring counterfeit goods has become unprecedented. Be it food, drug or luxury items, all kinds of industrial manufacturers and distributors are now seeking greater transparency in supply chain operations with a view to deter counterfeiting. This paper introduces a decentralized Blockchain based application system (DApp) with a view to identifying counterfeit products in the supply chain system. With the rapid rise of Blockchain technology, it has become known that data recorded within Blockchain is immutable and secure. Hence, the proposed project here uses this concept to handle the transfer of ownership of products. A consumer can verify the product distribution and ownership information scanning a Quick Response (QR) code generated by the DApp for each product linked to the Blockchain.
With the continuous development of urban intelligence, as traffic, power grids, and electric vehicles are new ideas to solve energy shortages and air control problems, they have received widespread attention from the society and strong support from the government. The charging pile is a key hub for data exchange and has typical characteristics of IoT terminals. However, the guidance of the grid connection of electric vehicles is not standardized, and the security and stability of the power grid will inevitably be affected. The blockchain has the characteristics that data is difficult to tamper with and decentralized. Based on these two characteristics, the information recorded by the blockchain is more authentic and reliable. This paper is aimed at realizing the global unified identification and management of large terminal equipment based on ubiquitous power Internet of Things equipment with the help of blockchain technology and at providing safe, efficient, and stable online management services for a large number of devices in the ubiquitous power Internet of Things. In this paper, we analyze the application possibility of blockchain technology in the current electricity market and apply blockchain technology to the electricity market to solve the drawbacks of the electricity market, as well as adding blockchain analytics to the renewable energy electricity market. The experimental data analysis shows that with the increase of the length of the blockchain, the blocking time of the new area increases correspondingly, but the overall performance declines slightly, so this scheme can meet the practical needs of a large number of concurrent access terminals in the ubiquitous power Internet of Things. It can be seen that the successful application of blockchain technology based on the power Internet of Things in electric vehicle charging piles has greatly improved work efficiency.
Information is one of the essential assets in any business. Due to the rapid technological changes, maintaining and protecting the information of individuals and organizations has become more imperative. Blockchain is a sequence of blocks that store information as a hashed value chained together as a ledger of records. This paper proposes a blockchain-based solution to manage water and electricity services. The solution keeps track of water and electricity consumption by consumers, allows them to view and pay bills, and secures their online transactions. It functions as a shared ledger between Abu Dhabi Distribution Company, Bin Moosa & Daly water and electricity supplement store, and Fazaa discount card. In addition, the proposed solution offers transparency and full trust between the different entities, controls the blockchain network, and validates transactions. Finally, the proposed application supports the UAE sustainability initiative by reducing paper usage.
Nwosu Anthony Ugochukwu, S. B. Goyal, A. Sampathkumar
As the global logistics business expands as a result of the industrial 4.0 revolution, logistics operations continue to evolve as new technologies such as IoT, cloud, and big data are deployed. These IoT devices improve the logistics function by boosting real‐time product tracking, improved data collection, smart storage of logistics data, etc. Some of these new technologies present an avenue for cyberattacks on these logistics systems due to their centralized database structure. Logistics operations entail the exchange of private consumer information (name, address, phone number, and bank account information) as well as product information amongst logistics stakeholders (manufacturers, suppliers, transporters, and customers). And the engagement of so many logistics stakeholders creates privacy and security issues for the private information because customer information, as well as product details, are transferred and shared across different logistical stakeholders during the logistics process. It faces unwanted access, which could lead to fraud or the creation of counterfeit products by a bad actor in the system. All of these challenges are significant because logistics data integrity is important for customer satisfaction. The deployment of Blockchain innovation will address these challenges with the application of its special feature such as immutability, efficient cryptography, and distributed decentralized storage system. In this paper, we highlighted the technology that enables smart logistics and reviewed smart logistics, Blockchain, and IoT in logistics; we present the significance of integrating Blockchain and IoT in logistics. We proposed a Blockchain‐based IoT‐enabled system framework for secure and efficient logistics management where logistics data can be captured with the use of IoT sensors, and we also designed and describe the sequence diagram for secured communication between the logistics stakeholder through a smart contract. In conclusion, Blockchain can provide security to logistics data and enhance operational efficiency with its key features.
Blockchain-based cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and the blockchain Internet of things (BIoT) are two major focuses of the modern technological revolution. Currently we have security attacks like distributed denial-of-service (DDoS), address resolution protocol (ARP) spoofing attacks, various phishing and configuration threats, network congestion, etc. on the existing CPS and IoT architectures. This study conducts a complete survey on the flaws of the present centralized IoT system’s peer-to-peer (P2P) communication and the CPS architecture’s machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. Both these architectures could use the inherent consensus algorithms and cryptographic advantages of blockchain technology. To show how blockchain technology can resolve the flaws of the existing CPS and IoT architectures while maintaining confidentiality, integrity, and availability (the CIA triad), we conduct a holistic survey here on this topic and discuss the research focus in the domain of the BIoT. Then we analyse the similarities and dissimilarities of blockchain technology in IoT and CPS architectures. Finally, it is well understood that one should explore whether blockchain technology will give advantages to CPS and IoT applications through a decision support system (DSS) with a relevant mathematical model, so here we provide the DSS with such a model for this purpose.
Ahmed S. Almasoud, Abdelzahir Abdelmaboud, Faisal S. Alsubaei, Manar Ahmed Hamza · 8 authors
Cyber-Physical System (CPS) involves the combination of physical processes with computation and communication systems. The recent advancements made in cloud computing, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), healthcare sensors, etc. tend to develop CPS as a proficient model for healthcare applications especially, home patient care. Though several techniques have been proposed earlier related to CPS structures, only a handful of studies has focused on the design of CPS models for health care sector. So, the proposal for a dedicated CPS model for healthcare sector necessitates a significant interest to ensure data privacy. To overcome the challenges, the current research paper designs a Deep Learning-based Intrusion Detection and Image Classification for Secure CPS (DLIDIC-SCPS) model for healthcare sector. The aim of the proposed DLIDIC-SCPS model is to achieve secure image transmission and image classification process for CPS in healthcare sector. Primarily, data acquisition takes place with the help of sensors and detection of intrusions is performed using Fuzzy Deep Neural Network (FDNN) technique. Besides, Multiple Share Creation (MSC) approach is used to create several shares of medical image so as to accomplish security. Also, blockchain is employed as a distributed data storage entity to create a ledger that provides access to the client. For image classification, Inception v3 with Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Network (FWNN) is utilized that diagnose the disease from the applied medical image. Finally, Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) is utilized to fine tune the parameters involved in WNN model, thereby boosting its classification performance. A wide range of simulations was carried out to highlight the superiority of the proposed DLIDIC-SCPS technique. The simulation outcomes confirm that DLIDIC-SCPS approach demonstrates promising results in terms of security, privacy, and image classification outcomes over recent state-of-the-art techniques.
Kahlid S. Alqarni, Faris A. Almalki, Ben Othman Soufiene, Obaid Ali · 5 authors
Agriculture is confronted with several significant difficulties, such as rising air temperatures and population growth, causing the implementation of smart farming operations as an optimum solution. This research aims to contribute to the growing knowledge of the potential role of blockchain technology in promoting the concept of smart farming by enhancing the efficiency of farming operations by boosting agricultural production, lowering environmental impact, and automating the work of farmers. It proposes a secure blockchain‐based framework to establish trust among smart farming users. The framework utilizes asymmetric key exchange mechanism using an ECC authentication algorithm and SHA‐256 hash function cryptography to secure communication between sensors and drones in the farm field. The SHA‐256 hashing function ensures data integrity as attempts to tamper with data result in a different hash value, breaking the chain of blocks. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework, a proof‐of‐concept implementation was developed on the Ethereum blockchain, in which smart contracts were used to model the framework operations. The proof of concept’s performance was examined using Hyperledger Caliper for latency, throughput, and transaction success rate. The findings clearly indicate that blockchain technology can provide an efficient and scalable mechanism to advance smart farming and address some of the barriers that inhibit smart farming, particularly regarding to data integrity and availability.
This paper proposes a blockchain-based supply chain information operation method to solve the current shortage of business information sharing in the supply chain. These approaches include the idea of blockchain application to realize the sharing of supply chain information, the supply chain architecture of production enterprises based on blockchain, and the hierarchical model of supply chain information flow based on blockchain. This paper proposes the information block recording method of internal and external data sources in the supply chain, including the composition structure and the analysis of the multisource data inside and outside the supply chain. In addition, the multisource data information block recording method is also proposed. Building a blockchain-based supply chain system can improve the integration and reconstruction capabilities of the supply chain. The information recording of the internal data of the supply chain and the external related multisource data in the block can improve the learnability of the supply chain. The internal and external information block connection of the supply chain system is the further integration and reconstruction of the supply chain information resources in the blockchain system. The information storage and access control of the blockchain-based supply chain is an information security guarantee system in the supply chain information sharing environment. Through the method of this study, the system can form a business architecture system based on blockchain-based supply chain information sharing.
The elevated version of the Agricultural Traceability System dealing with food production holds utmost significance in not only assuring food insecure, smart contracts and agri-insurance to farmers but also guaranteeing insurance to them during natural disaster. The proposed and improved system for food cultivation traceability deals with agri-crops and farmers that hires the Blockchain technology guarantee at par safety, agreement, distributed ledger, immediate payment, de-centralization and thereby achieving the goal of minimizing the cost incurred in the food processing system and building trust. Smart contracts play a pivot role in the field of agricultural insurance. Agricultural insurance based upon Blockchain comprises of major weather incidents and associated payouts enlisted on a smart contract, connected to the mobile wallets with timely weather updates notified by the field sensors and interrelated with data from proximity weather stations would enable prompt payout during any natural calamity such as flood or drought. A panel of advisers in the decentralized system which is professionally governed and managed by certain retired officers makes the traceability system more trustworthy. These professionals can offer wise suggestions to the planters aiding them to acquire productive outcome.
Supply chain management frequently faced issues such as service redundancy, poor coordination between several departments, and lack of standardization as a result of the lack of transparency. Product counterfeiting is something which is very common now-a-days and it’s almost impossible to detect a counterfeit product just by looking at it. Counterfeiters cause significant challenges for legitimate firms, yet far too many people have no idea of the entire amount of counterfeit items’ influence on brands. There are several methods devised in the past to get away with this problem of product counterfeiting. The most popular methods are using RFID tags, Artificial Intelligence, QR code based systems, etc. But each of them had few disadvantages such as the QR code can be copied from a genuine product and placed on a fake product, artificial intelligence uses CNN and machine learning which needs heavy computational power and so on. The idea of this project is to improve detection of fake products by tracking its supply chain history. This is achieved with Blockchain technology which ensures the identification and traceability of real products throughout the supply chain. Blockchain based system, makes everything decentralized that may be accessed by several parties at the same time. One of its main advantages is that the recorded data is difficult to change without the consent of all parties concerned which makes the data extremely secure and protect from all vulnerabilities. This paper presents system designed using blockchain technology for detection of counterfeit products.
Marah R. Bataineh, Wail Mardini, Yaser Khamayseh, Muneer Bani Yassein
Internet of Things (IoT) has grown increasingly in the past decade. This growth brings up several challenging issues for a successful continuous operation of IoT applications. Some of these challenges that need to be taken care of are resource constraints, central server overload, and the risk of illegal use of private data. On the other side, Blockchain technology is increasingly popular and has gained huge success in cryptocurrencies. It offers numerous vital qualities such as a technique for consensus, peer communications, confidence-building without a trustworthy third party, and a transaction controlled by conditions and functions using the intelligent contract technique. Blockchain is an excellent candidate to establish a decentralized, autonomous IoT system addressing the above issues. This study proposes an IoT-Blockchain integration architecture using an Ethereum Blockchain infrastructure within a rich-thin client IoT approach to address the challenges created by the limited IoT resources while implementing the Blockchain mining technique in IoT systems. The architecture depends on load distribution between the resources. Limited resource devices are the thin-clients, while the higher resource devices are assigned as rich-clients. Both clients can access the blockchain and collect the data, but rich-client can only execute the mining process. In addition, we implement a healthcare system based on the proposed architecture in which surgical process management is carried out. We also prove our solution’s efficiency by testing and comparing the architecture against other well-known IoT-based blockchain architectures. The obtained results show that proposed blockchain-IoT architecture is suited for many IoT applications while avoiding difficulties created by IoT devices’ limitations.