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53,216 results · page 1736 of 2,218
Bikram Shrestha, Malka N. Halgamuge, Horst Treiblmaier
No abstract is available for this record.
Armando José Urdaneta Montiel, Yanary Emelina Carvallo Monsalve, Emmanuel Victorio Borgucci García
Resumen Las criptomonedas, siendo un medio de pago encriptado deberían estar sujeto a alguna de las hipótesis que describen el comportamiento del dinero en la teoría monetaria. Este artículo analiza el desempeño del Bitcoin, desde el punto de vista de Friedman (1956) y Mises (1982). Utilizando datos mensuales de los últimos 67 meses desde enero de 2014 hasta julio de 2019, se desarrolló una investigación de tipo descriptiva Ex - post facto. Los resultados muestran que cuando el aumento marginal de criptomoneda emitidas disminuye, el volumen de transacciones, precios de cierre, capitalización del mercado y velocidad de circulación, aumentan, mostrando evidencias del teorema de la regresión; asimismo, se comprueba la apreciación del Bitcoin por razones de oferta y demanda (minado); y se pudo constatar el incremento constante tanto de la tasa de variación del precio, como de crecimiento de los Bitcoin emitidos. Se concluye que la teoría monetaria aceptada puede contribuir a explicar el comportamiento de las criptomonedas. Abstract Cryptocurrencies, being an encrypted means of payment, should be subject to any of the hypotheses that describe the behavior of money in monetary theory. This article analyzes the performance of Bitcoin, from the point of view of Friedman (1956) and Mises (1982). Using monthly data from the last 67 months from January 2014 to July 2019, a descriptive Ex - post facto investigation was developed. The results show that when the marginal increase in issued cryptocurrencies decreases, the volume of transactions, closing prices, market capitalization and circulation speed increase, showing evidence of the regression theorem; Likewise, the appreciation of Bitcoin is verified for reasons of supply and demand (mined); and the constant increase in both the price variation rate and the growth of the Bitcoin issued could be verified. It is concluded that the accepted monetary theory can contribute to explain the behavior of cryptocurrencies.
Nick Große, David Leisen, Tan Gürpinar, Robert Schulze Forsthövel · 6 authors
In the course of the digital transformation, organizations are not only facing increasing volatility of the markets, but also increasing customer requirements and thus an increasing complexity in production and logistics systems. Therefore, production plants need to become more flexible by transforming conventional production systems to Cyber-physical Production Systems (CPPS). CPPS allow organizations to dynamically react to fluctuations in demand and markets and to introduce new product lines quickly and effectively. The challenge in implementing CPPS is to handle and store relevant data streams between Cyber-physical objects in a secure but transparent way. As CPPS involve a high level of decentralization, the data storage can either be combined with centralized IT-solutions like a Cloud or utilize decentralized IT-technologies like Edge Computing or Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) like Blockchains. The paper addresses the suitability of centralized and decentralized technologies in terms of dealing with data streams in the fields of CPPS. For this purpose, based on a paper exploration, appropriate evaluation criteria are derived, followed by a comparison of exemplary centralized and decentralized technologies. The outcome is a qualitative evaluation of the supplement of each technology regarding its suitability of dealing with data streams.
Moon Kyoung Choi, Chan Yeob Yeun, Poong Hyun Seong
Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are physically isolated from external networks and have different operational environments than conventional information technology (IT) systems. Accordingly, NPPs were regarded as safe from external cyber-attacks. However, it was later determined that isolated networks are not safe from cyber-attacks. Malicious data injection attacks on Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) deployed in the safety system of NPPs are critical to nuclear facilities, as they were in the Stuxnet attack. It is necessary to monitor the integrity of PLC data and protect the PLCs from cyber threats such as modification of deployed logic or setpoints. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel system for monitoring data integrity of PLCs using blockchain technologies. Considering the NPP environment, we developed a private blockchain system to monitor the data integrity of PLCs. The new concept that is Proof of Monitoring (PoM) for data integrity of PLCs was proposed to overcome the limitation for applying the private blockchain to the cybersecurity of NPPs. Additionally, we developed an integrity monitoring system for the Reactor Protection System (RPS)-a safety system in NPPs-using the developed blockchain. It can detect cyber-attacks (such as false code injection attacks on PLCs) and monitor which PLC integrity has been compromised in real-time. A validation experiment using a false data injection attack on PLCs was performed on the developed system, and the results confirmed that the developed system successfully monitored the modification of data in the PLCs.
Marco C Reza
The construction industry has not advanced as quickly as other industries in the aspects of time, cost, and quality; but Blockchain could be the solution. While there have been improvements in the construction sector such as BIM or Prefabrication, nothing compares to those in other industries. This brings the search for a new technology that would boost construction to a new level of productivity. One technology that could potentially do this is Blockchain. Blockchain, defined in a big picture, is like a shared google sheet where anybody could add information but nobody could delete it. This technology could change the way construction is done and add value to the industry with increased productivity and transparency. This paper analyzed whether Blockchain Technology would be useful to the construction industry, and to gain knowledge of Blockchain’s uses in the field. The methodology used to find this information were semi-structured interviews with information presented in a summarized form. The researcher spoke to experts in the field of blockchain as well as individuals with no experience in Blockchain. Findings revealed that this technology could be beneficial for speeding up the contractual processes, payment processes, and tracking quality.
Emmanuel Boateng Sifah, Hu Xia, Christian Nii Aflah Cobblah, Qi Xia · 6 authors
In recent years, the use of blockchain has gained attention in industrial interventions and research. Blockchain technologies can be particularly utilized in the domain of Smart Governance, which is a critical component of Smart Cities. Smart Governance aims to ensure smarter decision making, openness and collaborative participation of all entities involved as well as help minimize resource usage, reduce consumption and save cost. Smart Governance involves putting in place systems for monitoring and evaluating the performance of government workers. However, government workers lack trust in these systems because they are mostly centralized systems which are prone to single-point of failure problems and also data fed into these systems can be tampered with by the higher-ups or employers to favour individual workers. With these problems, there is a need for a decentralized system that can ensure trust, tamper-resistance, accountability, reliability, transparency and security. In this paper, we propose a decentralized employee evaluation system based on blockchain. We utilized a 3-chain model, namely; ID-Chain, Behavior Chain and Credit Chain fused to make a single unified chain. Our system also makes use of an automated game-based employee evaluation approach. Our system is based on Hyperledger Fabric as the blockchain platform and operating mechanism. Our Proof of Concept (PoC) results shows that in utilizing the Blockchain system, security concerns such as trust, privacy, accountability, among others, that are present in current employee performance evaluation systems are tackled and also in the adoption of the game-based automated system, our system can make an effective decision regarding employee performance. Our system achieves trust, transparency, security and accountability among government workers under a Smart City governing environment.
Sanjay Sanjay, Nabihasan
Blockchain technology is mainly used for trading securely in a digital environment by verifying and storing a transaction record in a distributed and time stamp manner. However, there are several other areas also where blockchain technology can be implemented. This technology is distributed, making it difficult for transactions to be counterfeit, duplicated, or faked. This article provides insight into how blockchain technology works and examines its innovative current and future uses in various branches of libraries.
Xiaoqian Liu, Yan Chen
In the process of further transferring to the county of the space of economic and social development, how to solve the financial predicament at the county level, stimulate the vitality of county development and improve the people’s livelihood security system at the county level through the adjustment of the financial system have become the core content of the financial system reform below the province level. Finance is a kind of distribution system of “controlling finance by government and administrating through finance” with the state regime system as the main body. It has great significance for the government to perform and transform its functions. Financial reform will inevitably become an important part of the overall reform. Based on the decentralized reform mode under the province, this paper investigates the economic performance of the reform of the County Administrated by Province and the transmission mechanism of the reform from the two aspects of economic growth speed and industrial structure adjustment.
Mehtab Alam, Ihtiram Raza Khan, Safdar Tanweer
No abstract is available for this record.
Florin Aliu, Artor Nuhiu, N.A. P�, E. Pałka · 5 authors
The study measures the risk level linked with different portfolios of cryptocurrencies by using portfolio diversification techniques. Data on prices and trade volumes of cryptocurrencies were collected on a daily basis, from 2012 till 2018. Ten portfolios were constructed based on diverse types and numbers of cryptocurrencies. The results of the study confirm a negative relationship between the average number of cryptocurrencies and the average risk level of the portfolio. Involving more cryptocurrencies within the portfolio reduces the diversification risk of the portfolio. The average volatility and average correlation coefficient both drop when moving towards portfolios with more cryptocurrencies. Average returns stand against portfolio theories, where more risky portfolios offer less daily weighted average returns and the other way around. Outcomes of the study provide indications for the individual investors and financial institutions on the risk characteristic attached to the portfolio of cryptocurrencies.
Jeff Thomson
The use of cryptocurrencies in daily life has continued to rise over the last decade and shows no signs of slowing down. Although cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, provide numerous tangible benefits to society, the process of mining these cryptocurrencies is extremely energy intensive. Accordingly, a tragedy of the energy commons has resulted whereby the monetary incentive to mine cryptocurrencies has distorted our collective ability to care for our shared energy resources. The current system allows for industrious individuals to set up cryptocurrency mines in regions that have access to plentiful and cheap energy sources, utilize this energy to power their mining activities, and leave the region when the energy becomes more expensive than other regions. This system forces regions with an abundance of energy to deal with the negative consequences of cryptocurrency mining without receiving any of the benefits. Furthermore, individual states and regions refuse to regulate such mining activity out of fear of depressing economic investment. Thus, as this article argues, a federal cryptocurrency regulation regime is needed to combat the inequities that result from the current lack of adequate protections.
В. А. Лопатин, С. В. Криворучко
No abstract is available for this record.
Serhii Smerichevskyi, Olena Suzdalieva
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Naoki Kobayakawa, Mitsuyoshi Imamura, Kei Nakagawa, Kenichi Yoshida
Open source software (OSS) has become indispensable to our society. The success of OSS depends on the participation of a large number of developers or maintainers (contributors). Shedding light on the mechanisms of their participation has been an important academic and practical matter. One aspect to decide participation is the future prospects of a project. However, the causal mechanism behind participation has yet to be studied exhaustively and remains unclear. In this study, we used cryptocurrency projects, many of them were developed on GitHub, to better understand this mechanism. Both GitHub and cryptocurrencies are highly transparent, i.e., information is fully disclosed; we can analyze relevant information on a project, such as the contributors' activities, financial information, and development status. We adopted market capitalization as the substitution index of future prospects and the number of contributors and analyzed the relationship using time series analysis techniques, such as the Granger causality test and regression. We found that the number of contributors increases two months after market capitalization increases. This quantifies the impact of the future prospects of the project, i.e., of the market capitalization of a cryptocurrency, on the participation of contributors.
Teddy Kusuma, Veithzal Rivai Zainal, Iwan Kurniawan Subagja, Salim Basalamah
Journal of Anthropology and Archaeology is a peer-reviewed international journal, which publishes original papers promoting theoretical, methodological and empirical developments in the discipline of socio-cultural anthropology.
Han-Min Kim
No abstract is available for this record.
Mazin Debe, Khaled Salah, Raja Jayaraman, Junaid Arshad
An enormous amount of drug supply is regularly wasted due to several reasons related to incorrect prescription, purchase of unnecessary quantities, drug intolerance, allergy, or interactions. On the other hand, these medicines may be needed by patients who cannot afford to purchase them. To address this challenge, we propose a fully decentralized solution that governs the return and redistribution of unused drugs that are fit for usage. Our approach exploits the decentralized blockchain technology, smart contracts, and decentralized storage systems such as the Interplanetary File Systems (IPFS). We develop a system that provides the ability for customers as well as pharmacies to return re-usable, resellable drugs for donation or resale at a lower price. The proposed scheme tracks the production of drugs from manufacturers to traders that subsequently sell them to customers. Unused drugs can be returned after approval by specialized entities and then redistributed. In particular, we present the decentralized system architecture and implement a prototype on a test Ethereum blockchain platform to present the suggested workflow. Further, we provide system evaluation focused on assessing system functionality, performance, execution cost, and security of smart contracts and their robustness. We have also made our smart contracts code publicly available on Github.
Xiyue Zhang, Yi Li, Meng Sun
No abstract is available for this record.
Jorge Eterovic, Jonatan Uran Acevedo, Alejandro Rusticcini, Nora Gigante
Blockchain Federal Argentina (BFA) es la primera plataforma multiservicios abierta y participativa de Argentina pensada para integrar servicios y aplicaciones sobre la Blockchain de Ethereum. Las organizaciones, tanto públicas como privadas, pueden formar parte de Blockchain Federal Argentina, ejerciendo distintos roles de control dentro de la organización. También pueden desplegar aplicaciones sobre la plataforma. El proyecto de investigación consiste en implementar un nodo Minero (en adelante nodo Sellador) en la Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, dentro de la red Blockchain Federal Argentina, para lo cual se celebrará un contrato de colaboración público-privada entre la UNLaM, representada por el Departamento de Ingeniería e Investigaciones Tecnológicas (DIIT) y el consorcio Blockchain Federal Argentina. Este contrato hará a la UNLaM parte del mencionado consorcio y permitirá montar un nodo Sellador dentro de la infraestructura Blockchain-BFA. En el marco de este proyecto, se desarrollará e implementará una dApp (Aplicación Distribuida) que quedará disponible para su uso libre para toda la comunidad académica. La relevancia de este trabajo radica en la importancia que tiene para una institución formar parte de una red con las características de BFA. Hasta el momento, la UNLaM, no forma parte de BFA ni de otras plataformas similares.
Jun Yang
No abstract is available for this record.
Miaolei Deng, Pan Feng
The frequent occurrence of food safety accidents at the global level has triggered consumer sensitivity. Establishing a food traceability system can effectively guarantee food safety and increase consumer confidence and satisfaction. Existing food traceability systems often ignore environmental factors that affect food quality at all stages of the supply chain, and the authenticity of the information obtained through traceability is difficult to guarantee. In this study, a food supply chain traceability model was established based on blockchain and radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies. The model focused on the traceability of environmental data during the various stages of the food supply chain and combined a centralized database and blockchain for data storage. The lot identification data of the various supply chain stages were stored in a centralized database, while the environmental data were stored in a blockchain. Thereby, the authenticity and accuracy of the traceability data were ensured. The blockchain part of the model has been simulated in the Ethereum test environment, and the experiment has achieved traceability of temperature data.
Blessing Okpala
No abstract is available for this record.
Dirk Gerritsen, Rick A.C. Lugtigheid, Thomas Walther
No abstract is available for this record.
Authors unavailable
Digital transformation is taken in the article as changes in business models inspired by “new technologies” (cloud, artificial intelligence, big data, distributed ledgers etc.), by threats of disruption from new competitors (FinTech startups and big techs), and by growing demand for individualized and integrated services distributed via digital channels. In this sense, digital transformation means platformification, i.e. when business is developed through digital information systems connecting buyers with sellers, including third-party service providers. Financial institutes, while selling their native services on platforms and/or orchestrating platforms, are able to position their proposals as technological, thus making the modern financial mantra (“Work like Google”) true. The article outlines the dis- tinctions between the platform business model and the traditional pipeline model; compares the definitions of “platform”, “marketplace” and “ecosystem”; summarizes domestic and international experience of platformification in capital market infrastructure (exchanges/trading venues, CCP clearing houses, central securities depositories etc.); differentiates the models of such platformification according to where they lead away from business as usual: onto other markets (mono- and multi-product platforms), to other services (“universal platforms” and digital asset platforms) or to other interactions (platforms for non-core services, “at the top of exchange” platforms, “apps warehouses”); and describes the place of platformification in growth strategies—both real ones, including the Moscow Exchange Group case, and hypothetical ones in line with the Ansoff Matrix.